Deuteronomy 11:1
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 1)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 2)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 3)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 4)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 5)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 6)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 7)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries P (Scan 8)
Material: Parchment, Form: Phylactery slip
4Q Phylacteries A
An ancient Hebrew phylactery (tefillin) manuscript containing passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy written on a small leather strip. It is one of the oldest surviving physical tefillin in the world and is written on both sides (opisthographic) with the back text oriented perpendicularly to the front to maximize space.
4Q Reworked Pentateuch b
This ancient Hebrew parchment scroll contains portions of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Housed at the Rockefeller Museum, it represents an important early witness to the Torah and reflects the vibrant scribal techniques used during the late Hasmonean period.
4Q Mezuzah B
An ancient Hebrew mezuzah manuscript found in Cave 4 at Qumran, containing biblical passages from Deuteronomy (6:5–6 and 10:14–11:2). It provides important physical evidence of early Jewish liturgical and daily ritual practices during the late Second Temple period.
8Q Mezuzah
A Herodian period mezuzah discovered in Cave 8 at Qumran, containing verses from Deuteronomy. It provides important historical evidence for the Jewish practice of affixing scriptural texts to doorposts during the Second Temple period.
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.