Deuteronomy 11:12
4Q Phylacteries Q (4QPhyl Q)
This ancient manuscript is a tefillin (phylactery) slip, preserving Deuteronomy 11:4–8 on the front (recto) and Exodus 13:4–9 on the back (verso). It is an opisthograph, meaning it has writing on both sides of the parchment, and provides some of the earliest physical evidence of Jewish ritual prayer practices.
4QDeuteronomy c (4QDeutᶜ)
An important Hasmonean-period scroll containing various portions of the Book of Deuteronomy, copied between 150 BC and 100 BC. The manuscript is notable for its use of stichography, where the text is structured in columns and lines to reflect poetic layouts.
4Q Phylacteries A
An ancient Hebrew phylactery (tefillin) manuscript containing passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy written on a small leather strip. It is one of the oldest surviving physical tefillin in the world and is written on both sides (opisthographic) with the back text oriented perpendicularly to the front to maximize space.
8Q Mezuzah
A Herodian period mezuzah discovered in Cave 8 at Qumran, containing verses from Deuteronomy. It provides important historical evidence for the Jewish practice of affixing scriptural texts to doorposts during the Second Temple period.
4QDeut(j)
An ancient Hebrew manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 that uniquely combines passages from both Exodus and Deuteronomy. Written in a clear Herodian square script, this scroll may have served a liturgical or devotional purpose for personal study or prayer in the 1st century AD.
Papyrus Chester Beatty VI (Scan 1)
A remarkably early papyrus codex containing portions of Numbers and Deuteronomy, providing vital evidence for the development of the early Christian book. It is highly significant for being one of the earliest known manuscripts to feature visible page numbers.
Papyrus Chester Beatty VI (Scan 2)
A remarkably early papyrus codex containing portions of Numbers and Deuteronomy, providing vital evidence for the development of the early Christian book. It is highly significant for being one of the earliest known manuscripts to feature visible page numbers.
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.
Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.