An important Hasmonean-period scroll containing various portions of the Book of Deuteronomy, copied between 150 BC and 100 BC. The manuscript is notable for its use of stichography, where the text is structured in columns and lines to reflect poetic layouts.

A collection of phylactery (tefillin) fragments containing biblical passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy. These small parchment slips were used for liturgical prayer, providing insight into ancient Jewish devotional practices during the Second Temple period.

An ancient Hebrew phylactery (tefillin) manuscript containing passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy written on a small leather strip. It is one of the oldest surviving physical tefillin in the world and is written on both sides (opisthographic) with the back text oriented perpendicularly to the front to maximize space.

This ancient Hebrew parchment scroll contains portions of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Housed at the Rockefeller Museum, it represents an important early witness to the Torah and reflects the vibrant scribal techniques used during the late Hasmonean period.

A Herodian period mezuzah discovered in Cave 8 at Qumran, containing verses from Deuteronomy. It provides important historical evidence for the Jewish practice of affixing scriptural texts to doorposts during the Second Temple period.

An ancient Hebrew manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 that uniquely combines passages from both Exodus and Deuteronomy. Written in a clear Herodian square script, this scroll may have served a liturgical or devotional purpose for personal study or prayer in the 1st century AD.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.