Discovered in Cave 1 of Wadi Murabba'at, this Hebrew manuscript fragment dates to the era of the Bar Kokhba revolt (c. 132–135 AD). It preserves portions of the Book of Deuteronomy and is highly significant for its remarkable identity with the traditional Masoretic Hebrew text used today, illustrating what biblical scrolls were carried by Jewish refugees seeking shelter in the Judean Desert.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.