Papyrus Rylands 458 is widely recognized as the oldest known manuscript of the Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. The surviving papyrus fragments were remarkably preserved by being used as cartonnage to wrap an Egyptian mummy.

An important Hasmonean-period scroll containing various portions of the Book of Deuteronomy, copied between 150 BC and 100 BC. The manuscript is notable for its use of stichography, where the text is structured in columns and lines to reflect poetic layouts.

An early Hebrew manuscript of Deuteronomy dating to the late first century BC, discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran. It is notable for its scribal practice of writing the Tetragrammaton (the divine name) in the ancient paleo-Hebrew script.

An early Hebrew manuscript of Deuteronomy dating to the late first century BC, discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran. It is notable for its scribal practice of writing the Tetragrammaton (the divine name) in the ancient paleo-Hebrew script.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.