Deuteronomy 5:28
4Q Phylacteries A
An ancient Hebrew phylactery (tefillin) manuscript containing passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy written on a small leather strip. It is one of the oldest surviving physical tefillin in the world and is written on both sides (opisthographic) with the back text oriented perpendicularly to the front to maximize space.
4Q Phylacteries J
A Hebrew tefillin (phylactery) manuscript written on both sides of a single leather slip. Due to space constraints, the scribe wrote the text on the back in a unique layout, rotating the fragment to fit the passages from Deuteronomy.
4Q Reworked Pentateuch a (Scan 1)
Historically referred to as a 'Biblical Paraphrase', this manuscript contains passages from the Pentateuch paired with early interpretive expansions. Housed in the Rockefeller Museum, it provides valuable insights into how biblical texts were studied and explained in antiquity.
4Q Reworked Pentateuch a (Scan 2)
Historically referred to as a 'Biblical Paraphrase', this manuscript contains passages from the Pentateuch paired with early interpretive expansions. Housed in the Rockefeller Museum, it provides valuable insights into how biblical texts were studied and explained in antiquity.
All Souls Deuteronomy (4QDeutⁿ)
An exceptionally well-preserved copy of Deuteronomy popularly known as the 'All Souls Deuteronomy.' It contains an early version of the Ten Commandments (the Decalogue) and was likely used for liturgical or devotional purposes during the Second Temple period.
4QDeut(j)
An ancient Hebrew manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 that uniquely combines passages from both Exodus and Deuteronomy. Written in a clear Herodian square script, this scroll may have served a liturgical or devotional purpose for personal study or prayer in the 1st century AD.
Papyrus Chester Beatty VI
A remarkably early papyrus codex containing portions of Numbers and Deuteronomy, providing vital evidence for the development of the early Christian book. It is highly significant for being one of the earliest known manuscripts to feature visible page numbers.
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.
Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.