Deuteronomy 5:4
4Q Phylacteries A
An ancient Hebrew phylactery (tefillin) manuscript containing passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy written on a small leather strip. It is one of the oldest surviving physical tefillin in the world and is written on both sides (opisthographic) with the back text oriented perpendicularly to the front to maximize space.
4Q Phylacteries O (Scan 1)
This ancient Hebrew phylactery (tefillin) slip contains the Ten Commandments from Deuteronomy 5 and the Shema from Deuteronomy 6 written in an extremely tiny script. It is an opisthograph, meaning it was inscribed on both the front and back of the leather strip to maximize the space, allowing it to be rolled up tightly and placed inside a small ritual capsule worn during prayer.
4Q Phylacteries O (Scan 2)
This ancient Hebrew phylactery (tefillin) slip contains the Ten Commandments from Deuteronomy 5 and the Shema from Deuteronomy 6 written in an extremely tiny script. It is an opisthograph, meaning it was inscribed on both the front and back of the leather strip to maximize the space, allowing it to be rolled up tightly and placed inside a small ritual capsule worn during prayer.
All Souls Deuteronomy (4QDeutⁿ)
An exceptionally well-preserved copy of Deuteronomy popularly known as the 'All Souls Deuteronomy.' It contains an early version of the Ten Commandments (the Decalogue) and was likely used for liturgical or devotional purposes during the Second Temple period.
4QDeut(j)
An ancient Hebrew manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 that uniquely combines passages from both Exodus and Deuteronomy. Written in a clear Herodian square script, this scroll may have served a liturgical or devotional purpose for personal study or prayer in the 1st century AD.
Papyrus Chester Beatty VI
A remarkably early papyrus codex containing portions of Numbers and Deuteronomy, providing vital evidence for the development of the early Christian book. It is highly significant for being one of the earliest known manuscripts to feature visible page numbers.
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.
Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.