Phylacteries (Tefillin) found in Wadi Murabba'at containing passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy.

A unique tefillin (phylactery) slip discovered in Cave 4 near Qumran, written on both sides of a single parchment strip (an opisthograph). It was designed to be folded and placed within a leather tefillin case for prayer, reflecting the ancient Jewish practice of keeping biblical passages close to the body. The handwriting displays a distinctive semi-cursive script characteristic of Jewish ritual items during the Second Temple period.

Purchased in Egypt in 1902, the Nash Papyrus was the oldest known Hebrew manuscript fragment before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. It consists of a single sheet containing the Ten Commandments followed by the 'Shema Yisrael' prayer, suggesting it was used as a personal liturgical or instructional document. This ancient artifact served as a crucial paleographic benchmark that later helped scholars confirm the great antiquity of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

A fragmentary Hebrew parchment manuscript of the Book of Deuteronomy dating to the late Hasmonean period (1st century BC). Discovered in Qumran Cave 4, it preserves the Shema ('Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one') and subsequent commands on loving God.

An ancient Hebrew tefillin (phylactery) slip discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, containing biblical passages from Exodus and Deuteronomy. Written on parchment during the Hellenistic-Roman period, it is an important historical witness to early Jewish worship and liturgical practices during the Second Temple period.

An ancient Hebrew mezuzah manuscript found in Cave 4 at Qumran, containing biblical passages from Deuteronomy (6:5–6 and 10:14–11:2). It provides important physical evidence of early Jewish liturgical and daily ritual practices during the late Second Temple period.

An ancient Hebrew mezuzah fragment from the Herodian period, containing verses from Deuteronomy 6:5–7. It provides a fascinating physical example of early Jewish liturgical practices and the traditional use of scriptural passages on doorposts during the Second Temple period.

A remarkably early papyrus codex containing portions of Numbers and Deuteronomy, providing vital evidence for the development of the early Christian book. It is highly significant for being one of the earliest known manuscripts to feature visible page numbers.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.