A late Hasmonean copy of Deuteronomy written in square Hebrew script, discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran. The manuscript contains fragments of chapters 3, 7, 8, and 30, and is dated paleographically to the late first century BC (around 50–25 BC).

A Hebrew manuscript fragment of Deuteronomy dating to the late first century BC. Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, the scroll is written in a distinct transitional hand that bridges the Hasmonean and Herodian script styles.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.