Exodus 1:3
4QGenesis-Exodus a
4Q1 is one of the earliest biblical manuscripts found at Qumran, preserving fragments of both Genesis and Exodus written in a square Hasmonean script.
4QpaleoGenesis-Exodus l (Scan 1)
An ancient biblical manuscript written in the Paleo-Hebrew script, containing portions of the final verse of Genesis and the book of Exodus. Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, this parchment scroll is an important early witness to the Hebrew text of the Pentateuch, dating back to the Hasmonean period.
4QpaleoGenesis-Exodus l (Scan 2)
An ancient biblical manuscript written in the Paleo-Hebrew script, containing portions of the final verse of Genesis and the book of Exodus. Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, this parchment scroll is an important early witness to the Hebrew text of the Pentateuch, dating back to the Hasmonean period.
4QpaleoGenesis-Exodus l (Scan 3)
An ancient biblical manuscript written in the Paleo-Hebrew script, containing portions of the final verse of Genesis and the book of Exodus. Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, this parchment scroll is an important early witness to the Hebrew text of the Pentateuch, dating back to the Hasmonean period.
4QExodus b (Scan 1)
An ancient Hebrew scroll of the Book of Exodus discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, written in a clear Herodian script. Dating from the late first century BC to the mid-first century AD, this manuscript preserves early chapters of the narrative of Israel in Egypt and the Exodus, serving as a vital physical witness to the antiquity of the biblical text.
4QExodus b (Scan 2)
An ancient Hebrew scroll of the Book of Exodus discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, written in a clear Herodian script. Dating from the late first century BC to the mid-first century AD, this manuscript preserves early chapters of the narrative of Israel in Egypt and the Exodus, serving as a vital physical witness to the antiquity of the biblical text.
4QExodus b (Scan 3)
An ancient Hebrew scroll of the Book of Exodus discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, written in a clear Herodian script. Dating from the late first century BC to the mid-first century AD, this manuscript preserves early chapters of the narrative of Israel in Egypt and the Exodus, serving as a vital physical witness to the antiquity of the biblical text.
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.