An ancient Hebrew scroll of the Book of Exodus discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, written in a clear Herodian script. Dating from the late first century BC to the mid-first century AD, this manuscript preserves early chapters of the narrative of Israel in Egypt and the Exodus, serving as a vital physical witness to the antiquity of the biblical text.

An ancient Hebrew scroll of the Book of Exodus discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, written in a clear Herodian script. Dating from the late first century BC to the mid-first century AD, this manuscript preserves early chapters of the narrative of Israel in Egypt and the Exodus, serving as a vital physical witness to the antiquity of the biblical text.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.