Some question whether the Israelites could have grown from a clan of 70 to a nation of two to three million that left Egypt 430 years later, and whether the logistics of the Exodus are reasonable.

Looking at the family listings in Genesis 46, there are 51 sons born to Jacob's sons who could have lived to produce offspring. Assuming one female born for every male, there would be 102 children, averaging about 8.5 children per family. If this growth rate continued, reaching a population of two to three million over 430 years is mathematically sound and does not require miraculous intervention to be technically feasible.

Another objection questions how long it would take to spread the message to depart:
> Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb for his family, one for each household... Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight. (Exodus 12:3, 6)

Verse 3 speaks of "this month," meaning the revelation to Moses could have been made anywhere between the first and ninth day of the month. The people knew well in advance what would happen and had time to prepare.

Moses and Aaron gave the message to the elders of Israel. In the highly-organized clan and family structure typical of Ancient Near Eastern semi-nomadic societies, a message could be passed rapidly. If Moses informed 12 elders, and each elder passed it to 12 family heads, and so on, it would only take about six layers of transmission to reach millions of people. Allowing an hour and fifteen minutes for each gathering and explanation, the entire nation could have been informed in under eight hours.

Regarding the collection of wealth from the Egyptians (Exodus 12:35-36), critics argue it would have required superhuman speed to mobilize and collect the items before leaving. However, given that personal property was minimal and the task could be delegated across the vast population without duplication, the collection process could easily have been completed in a matter of hours.

As for sustenance during the Exodus, the Israelites had their flocks and herds with them and the ability to trade. Other historical mass migrations, such as the nomadic Scythians, survived in harsh, arid climates by using their herds for clothing, shelter, and trade. The Israelites would have been similarly resourceful, complemented by the miraculous provisions described in the text.