Written in the ancient Paleo-Hebrew script, this significant scroll from Qumran Cave 4 is one of the longest and best-preserved early copies of the Book of Exodus. Dating to the late Hasmonean period, it provides a valuable window into how the Torah was copied and preserved during the Second Temple era.

Written in the ancient Paleo-Hebrew script, this significant scroll from Qumran Cave 4 is one of the longest and best-preserved early copies of the Book of Exodus. Dating to the late Hasmonean period, it provides a valuable window into how the Torah was copied and preserved during the Second Temple era.

Written in the ancient Paleo-Hebrew script, this significant scroll from Qumran Cave 4 is one of the longest and best-preserved early copies of the Book of Exodus. Dating to the late Hasmonean period, it provides a valuable window into how the Torah was copied and preserved during the Second Temple era.

Written in the ancient Paleo-Hebrew script, this significant scroll from Qumran Cave 4 is one of the longest and best-preserved early copies of the Book of Exodus. Dating to the late Hasmonean period, it provides a valuable window into how the Torah was copied and preserved during the Second Temple era.

Historically referred to as a 'Biblical Paraphrase', this manuscript contains passages from the Pentateuch paired with early interpretive expansions. Housed in the Rockefeller Museum, it provides valuable insights into how biblical texts were studied and explained in antiquity.

An ancient Hebrew scroll from the late 1st century BC, containing portions of Exodus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It is notable for bringing together different passages of the Torah relating to the Sukkot (Tabernacles) festival, indicating how scriptural laws were studied and compiled in the Second Temple period.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.