Exodus 7:20

"and Moses and Aaron did so, as the Lord commanded them; and [Aaron] having lifted up [his hand] with his rod, struck the water in the river before Pharao, and before his servants, and changed all the water in the river into blood."

Manuscripts (3)Alleged Contradictions (2)

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Fragment

4QExod c

1 of 34Q14

LanguageHebrew

Earliest Date~50 BC (Mid-to-Late 1st Century BC)

Current LocationRockefeller Museum, Jerusalem

Found LocationQumran, Cave 4

Scribal Context & Details

Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, this manuscript of the Book of Exodus dates back to the mid-to-late 1st century BC. Written in Hebrew, it serves as an important witness to the ancient preservation of the biblical text, showing a high degree of continuity with the later standardized Hebrew scriptures. The manuscript is preserved in numerous fragments, which are now housed in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.

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Codex

Codex Vaticanus

2 of 3B

LanguageGreek

Earliest Date~AD 300 (Early to Mid-4th Century AD)

Current LocationVatican Library, Vatican City

Found LocationUnknown

Scribal Context & Details

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

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Codex

Codex Alexandrinus

3 of 3A

LanguageGreek

Earliest Date~AD 400 (5th Century (c. 400-440 CE))

Current LocationBritish Library, London

Found LocationAlexandria, Egypt

Scribal Context & Details

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.

4QExod c

Codex Vaticanus

Codex Alexandrinus

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