Exodus 8

Exodus 8:19

"So the charmers said to Pharao, This is the finger of God. But the heart of Pharao was hardened, and he listened not to them, as the Lord said."
Manuscripts (4)Apologetics (1)
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4QpaleoGenesis-Exodus l showing Exodus 8:19 from Late 2nd Century BC – Late 1st Century BC found in Qumran, Cave 4, currently housed at Rockefeller Museum, Jerusalem
Scroll

4QpaleoGenesis-Exodus l

1 of 44Q11
LanguageHebrew
Earliest Date~125 BC (Late 2nd Century BC – Late 1st Century BC)
Current LocationRockefeller Museum, Jerusalem
Found LocationQumran, Cave 4
Scribal Context & Details

An ancient biblical manuscript written in the Paleo-Hebrew script, containing portions of the final verse of Genesis and the book of Exodus. Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, this parchment scroll is an important early witness to the Hebrew text of the Pentateuch, dating back to the Hasmonean period.

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Codex Vaticanus showing Exodus 8:19 from Early to Mid-4th Century AD, currently housed at Vatican Library, Vatican City
Codex

Codex Vaticanus

2 of 4B
LanguageGreek
Earliest Date~AD 300 (Early to Mid-4th Century AD)
Current LocationVatican Library, Vatican City
Found LocationUnknown
Scribal Context & Details

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

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Papyrus Sorbonne inv. 2250 showing Exodus 8:19 from 4th Century AD found in Egypt, currently housed at Institut de Papyrologie of the Sorbonne, Paris
Codex

Papyrus Sorbonne inv. 2250

3 of 4817
LanguageGreek
Earliest Date~AD 301 (4th Century AD)
Current LocationInstitut de Papyrologie of the Sorbonne, Paris
Found LocationEgypt
Scribal Context & Details

A 4th-century AD papyrus codex containing fragments of the Greek Book of Jeremiah, notable for being constructed from a single quire. It represents an important early witness to the transmission of the Greek Scriptures in Egypt.

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Codex Alexandrinus showing Exodus 8:19 from 5th Century (c. 400-440 CE) found in Alexandria, Egypt, currently housed at British Library, London
Codex

Codex Alexandrinus

4 of 4A
LanguageGreek
Earliest Date~AD 400 (5th Century (c. 400-440 CE))
Current LocationBritish Library, London
Found LocationAlexandria, Egypt
Scribal Context & Details

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.

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