A collection of Hebrew parchment fragments containing portions of the Book of Isaiah, copied across the Hasmonean and Herodian periods. Discovered in Qumran Cave 4 in 1952, these fragments (representing both 4QIsa h and 4QIsa i) preserve passages from chapters 42, 56, and 57, offering a physical link to biblical texts from over two thousand years ago.

4QIsaᵋ (4Q56) is a collection of parchment fragments of the Book of Isaiah copied during the late first century BC. It is written in a clear early Herodian square Hebrew script and exhibits a text that aligns closely with the traditional Hebrew Bible, showing the meticulous care with which scripture was preserved. The scroll preserves portions from over twenty different chapters of Isaiah, reflecting the high regard for this book in the Qumran community.

4QIsaᵋ (4Q56) is a collection of parchment fragments of the Book of Isaiah copied during the late first century BC. It is written in a clear early Herodian square Hebrew script and exhibits a text that aligns closely with the traditional Hebrew Bible, showing the meticulous care with which scripture was preserved. The scroll preserves portions from over twenty different chapters of Isaiah, reflecting the high regard for this book in the Qumran community.

4QIsaᵋ (4Q56) is a collection of parchment fragments of the Book of Isaiah copied during the late first century BC. It is written in a clear early Herodian square Hebrew script and exhibits a text that aligns closely with the traditional Hebrew Bible, showing the meticulous care with which scripture was preserved. The scroll preserves portions from over twenty different chapters of Isaiah, reflecting the high regard for this book in the Qumran community.

A fragmentary Hebrew manuscript of the Book of Isaiah discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, dating paleographically to the second half of the 1st century BC. The extant fragments cover parts of Isaiah 42 and 43, providing an important early witness to the transmission of the Isaiah text during the late Second Temple period.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Sinaiticus is one of the most celebrated and important books in the world. Handwritten well over 1,600 years ago, it contains the Christian Bible in Greek, including the oldest surviving complete copy of the New Testament. Originally discovered at St. Catherine's Monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai, its surviving leaves are now preserved across four libraries worldwide, with the largest portion held at the British Library.