An ancient Hebrew parchment manuscript of the Book of Isaiah discovered in Qumran Cave 4, dating to the first half of the 1st century BC. Written in a less formal Hasmonean script, it preserves portions of Isaiah 60 and 61, providing a physical witness to the early copying and study of prophetic texts by the Qumran community.

An ancient Hebrew parchment manuscript of the Book of Isaiah discovered in Qumran Cave 4, dating to the first half of the 1st century BC. Written in a less formal Hasmonean script, it preserves portions of Isaiah 60 and 61, providing a physical witness to the early copying and study of prophetic texts by the Qumran community.

4QIsaᵋ (4Q56) is a collection of parchment fragments of the Book of Isaiah copied during the late first century BC. It is written in a clear early Herodian square Hebrew script and exhibits a text that aligns closely with the traditional Hebrew Bible, showing the meticulous care with which scripture was preserved. The scroll preserves portions from over twenty different chapters of Isaiah, reflecting the high regard for this book in the Qumran community.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Sinaiticus is one of the most celebrated and important books in the world. Handwritten well over 1,600 years ago, it contains the Christian Bible in Greek, including the oldest surviving complete copy of the New Testament. Originally discovered at St. Catherine's Monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai, its surviving leaves are now preserved across four libraries worldwide, with the largest portion held at the British Library.