Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, 4Q47 is the oldest surviving Hebrew manuscript containing portions of the Book of Joshua. Written on parchment in square Hebrew script, it dates to the Hasmonean period (circa 150–50 BC) and consists of twenty-two surviving fragments.

Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, 4Q47 is the oldest surviving Hebrew manuscript containing portions of the Book of Joshua. Written on parchment in square Hebrew script, it dates to the Hasmonean period (circa 150–50 BC) and consists of twenty-two surviving fragments.

Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, 4Q47 is the oldest surviving Hebrew manuscript containing portions of the Book of Joshua. Written on parchment in square Hebrew script, it dates to the Hasmonean period (circa 150–50 BC) and consists of twenty-two surviving fragments.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.