Leviticus 16:19
4Q Targum Leviticus
4Q156 is an ancient Aramaic manuscript fragment containing a portion of the Book of Leviticus, specifically the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) ritual instructions. Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, it is one of the oldest surviving written witnesses of an Aramaic Targum, demonstrating the early practice of translating the Hebrew scriptures into the common language of Aramaic. The manuscript is also notable for utilizing a double dot punctuation system to mark the ends of sense units, representing a precursor to later verse division systems.
4QLeviticus-Numbers a (Scan 1)
A mid-to-late second century BCE manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 containing some of the earliest surviving copies of Leviticus and Numbers in Hebrew. It is textually closely aligned with the Masoretic tradition, providing evidence of the stability of these biblical texts in antiquity.
4QLeviticus-Numbers a (Scan 2)
A mid-to-late second century BCE manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 containing some of the earliest surviving copies of Leviticus and Numbers in Hebrew. It is textually closely aligned with the Masoretic tradition, providing evidence of the stability of these biblical texts in antiquity.
4QLeviticus-Numbers a (Scan 3)
A mid-to-late second century BCE manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 containing some of the earliest surviving copies of Leviticus and Numbers in Hebrew. It is textually closely aligned with the Masoretic tradition, providing evidence of the stability of these biblical texts in antiquity.
4QLeviticus-Numbers a (Scan 4)
A mid-to-late second century BCE manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 containing some of the earliest surviving copies of Leviticus and Numbers in Hebrew. It is textually closely aligned with the Masoretic tradition, providing evidence of the stability of these biblical texts in antiquity.
4QLeviticus-Numbers a (Scan 5)
A mid-to-late second century BCE manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 containing some of the earliest surviving copies of Leviticus and Numbers in Hebrew. It is textually closely aligned with the Masoretic tradition, providing evidence of the stability of these biblical texts in antiquity.
4QLeviticus-Numbers a (Scan 6)
A mid-to-late second century BCE manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 containing some of the earliest surviving copies of Leviticus and Numbers in Hebrew. It is textually closely aligned with the Masoretic tradition, providing evidence of the stability of these biblical texts in antiquity.
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.
Codex Colberto-Sarravianus
A stunning Greek uncial manuscript from the late 4th or early 5th century containing parts of the Old Testament Octateuch. Originally produced in Egypt, its surviving leaves are now preserved in three different European libraries. It is highly treasured for its beautiful script and its key role in the historical study of the Greek Old Testament.
Codex Alexandrinus (Scan 1)
Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.
Codex Alexandrinus (Scan 2)
Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.