A mid-to-late second century BCE manuscript from Qumran Cave 4 containing some of the earliest surviving copies of Leviticus and Numbers in Hebrew. It is textually closely aligned with the Masoretic tradition, providing evidence of the stability of these biblical texts in antiquity.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.