A fragmentary parchment scroll discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, preserving portions of the Book of Psalms (including Psalms 104, 146, and 147). Copying of this manuscript is dated to the mid-1st century BC, and it is studied by scholars for its unique scribal layout that transitions between prose and poetic verse formats.

Dating to around 200 AD, this ancient papyrus is one of the oldest surviving copies of the book of Leviticus in the Greek Septuagint. Discovered in Egypt, it preserves key biblical instructions regarding clean and unclean creatures. Because these specific passages did not survive in the Dead Sea Scrolls, this manuscript stands as the definitive oldest evidence in the world for these verses.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.

Codex Sinaiticus is one of the most celebrated and important books in the world. Handwritten well over 1,600 years ago, it contains the Christian Bible in Greek, including the oldest surviving complete copy of the New Testament. Originally discovered at St. Catherine's Monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai, its surviving leaves are now preserved across four libraries worldwide, with the largest portion held at the British Library.