Ruth 1:3
4QRuthᵃ
One of the oldest surviving copies of the Book of Ruth, this fragmentary Hebrew scroll was discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran. It preserves the opening chapter of Ruth (1:1–12) and is written in a beautiful late Hasmonean square script, dating to the middle of the first century BC.
4QRuthb
4Q105 is one of the oldest surviving Hebrew manuscript witnesses to the Book of Ruth, dating back to the Herodian period. Discovered in Cave 4 at Qumran, these parchment fragments preserve portions of the first chapter of Ruth, depicting the story of Naomi and her daughters-in-law.
Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.
Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four great uncial codices of the Greek Bible. It contains the vast majority of the Septuagint and New Testament, and was the first of the great uncials to become accessible to modern scholars.