Discovered in Qumran Cave 2 in 1952, this fragmentary manuscript of the Book of Ruth dates to the late first century BC. Written on parchment in a formal Herodian square script, it contains portions of chapters 2, 3, and 4, standing as one of the oldest surviving physical copies of the text.

Discovered in Qumran Cave 2 in 1952, this fragmentary manuscript of the Book of Ruth dates to the late first century BC. Written on parchment in a formal Herodian square script, it contains portions of chapters 2, 3, and 4, standing as one of the oldest surviving physical copies of the text.

Discovered in Qumran Cave 2 in 1952, this fragmentary manuscript of the Book of Ruth dates to the late first century BC. Written on parchment in a formal Herodian square script, it contains portions of chapters 2, 3, and 4, standing as one of the oldest surviving physical copies of the text.

Discovered in Qumran Cave 2 in 1952, this fragmentary manuscript of the Book of Ruth dates to the late first century BC. Written on parchment in a formal Herodian square script, it contains portions of chapters 2, 3, and 4, standing as one of the oldest surviving physical copies of the text.

Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest and most valuable surviving manuscripts of the complete Greek Bible. It has been securely housed in the Vatican Library since at least the late 15th century and is celebrated for its elegant script written on very high-quality vellum.