Papyrus 47 is a 3rd-century papyrus codex containing portions of the Book of Revelation (chapters 9-17). It is one of the earliest extant witnesses to these apocalyptic texts, sharing a close textual affinity with Codex Sinaiticus.

Papyrus 115 is famous for apparently giving the number of the beast in Revelation 13:18 as 616 (ΧΙϚ) rather than the majority reading of 666 (ΧΞϚ). It is considered one of the most important early witnesses to the text of the Book of Revelation.

It is one of the four great uncial codices and contains the oldest complete copy of the New Testament. Discovered by Constantin von Tischendorf in 1844, it remains one of the most important Greek texts for biblical scholarship.

Codex Alexandrinus is one of the four Great uncial codices and among the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. It is the oldest manuscript to use larger letters to indicate new sections, and it was the first manuscript of great importance and antiquity to be extensively used by textual critics.

It is a palimpsest where the original 5th-century biblical text was washed off and overwritten in the 12th century with treatises by Ephrem the Syrian. It is one of the four great uncials, and its underlying text was famously deciphered by Constantin von Tischendorf in the 1840s.