1.7 – not (the path) of those on whom (Your) anger falls

When the Quran translation puts parentheses around words, this means that the words are not in the Arabic text but rather are added to smooth out the English translation.

This verse can simply be taken as referring to people in general with whom Allah is angry. One of the trends in Muslim tradition, however, starting with the earliest commentaries, was to interpret “those on whom (Your) anger falls” to mean the Jews. Verses elsewhere in the Quran seem to make this connection (e.g., 2.61; 5.60).

1.7 – nor of those who go astray

Like the preceding phrase, this expression can be taken in its plain meaning. In Muslim tradition, however, most commentators interpreted “those who go astray” to mean the Christians, sometimes cross-referencing 5.77. In this way, many Muslims have understood this first sūra to reference the beliefs and behavior of Jews and Christians. This theme will become more explicit in Sūras 2–5.