وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي مَدَّ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَٰسِيَ وَأَنۡهَٰرٗاۖ وَمِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ جَعَلَ فِيهَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِۖ يُغۡشِي ٱلَّيۡلَ ٱلنَّهَارَۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
He (it is) who stretched out the earth, and placed on it firm mountains and rivers. And of all the fruits He has placed on it two in pairs. He covers the day with the night. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who reflect.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs) يُغۡشِي
covers
Variant Reading يُغَشِّي
tightly overwhelm
The variant uses Form II (yughashshī) with a shadda (tashdeed) instead of Hafs's Form IV (yughshī), which shifts the verb's form to indicate intensification, meaning to cover completely or tightly.
Read by: Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah
وَفِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ قِطَعٞ مُّتَجَٰوِرَٰتٞ وَجَنَّـٰتٞ مِّنۡ أَعۡنَٰبٖ وَزَرۡعٞ وَنَخِيلٞ صِنۡوَانٞ وَغَيۡرُ صِنۡوَانٖ يُسۡقَىٰ بِمَآءٖ وَٰحِدٖ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعۡضَهَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فِي ٱلۡأُكُلِۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ
On the earth (there are) parts neighboring (each other), and gardens of grapes, and (fields of) crops, and palm trees, (growing in) bunches and singly, (all) watered with one water. Yet We favor some of it over others in fruit. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who understand.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change | Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
Original (Hafs) وَزَرۡعٞ وَنَخِيلٞ
and (fields of) crops, and palm trees
Variant Reading وَزَرْعٖ وَنَخِيلٖ
and (of) vegetation and (of) date-palms
Hafs reads in the nominative case (marfu'), conjoining the words to 'gardens' (jannatun). The variant reads them in the genitive case (majrur), conjoining them to 'vines' (a'nabin), meaning 'gardens of vines, of vegetation, and of date-palms'.
Read by: Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Shu'bah, Warsh
Original (Hafs) نُفَضِّلُ
We favor
Variant Reading يُفَضِّلُ
He makes
The prefix changes from Nun (first-person plural) to Ya (third-person singular), shifting the subject from 'We' to 'He' due to a difference in diacritical dots on the initial letter.
Read by: Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
۞وَإِن تَعۡجَبۡ فَعَجَبٞ قَوۡلُهُمۡ أَءِذَا كُنَّا تُرَٰبًا أَءِنَّا لَفِي خَلۡقٖ جَدِيدٍۗ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِرَبِّهِمۡۖ وَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ ٱلۡأَغۡلَٰلُ فِيٓ أَعۡنَاقِهِمۡۖ وَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ
If you are amazed, their saying is amazing: ‘When we have turned to dust, shall we indeed (return) in a new creation?’ Those are the ones who have disbelieved in their Lord, and those – the chains will be on their necks – those are the companions of the Fire. There they will remain.
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Addition / Omission of Word | Extra Word - Addition / Omission of Word
Original (Hafs) أَءِنَّا
shall we indeed
Variant Reading إِنَّا
we will really be
The variant drops the interrogative hamzah (أَ), changing the second part of the sentence from a question ('shall we indeed') to a definitive statement ('we will really be').
Read by: Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh
Original (Hafs) أَءِذَا
When
Variant Reading إِذَا
When
The variant omits the interrogative particle (hamza) at the beginning of the word, changing the first clause from a question ('Is it when...') to a declarative statement ('When...').
Read by: Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
أَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ فَسَالَتۡ أَوۡدِيَةُۢ بِقَدَرِهَا فَٱحۡتَمَلَ ٱلسَّيۡلُ زَبَدٗا رَّابِيٗاۖ وَمِمَّا يُوقِدُونَ عَلَيۡهِ فِي ٱلنَّارِ ٱبۡتِغَآءَ حِلۡيَةٍ أَوۡ مَتَٰعٖ زَبَدٞ مِّثۡلُهُۥۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضۡرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحَقَّ وَٱلۡبَٰطِلَۚ فَأَمَّا ٱلزَّبَدُ فَيَذۡهَبُ جُفَآءٗۖ وَأَمَّا مَا يَنفَعُ ٱلنَّاسَ فَيَمۡكُثُ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضۡرِبُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَ
He sends down water from the sky, and the wādīs flow, (each) in its measure, and the torrent carries a rising (layer of) froth (on top), like the froth that arises from what they heat in the fire, seeking some ornament or utensil. In this way God strikes (a parable of) the true and the false. As for the froth, it becomes worthless, but as for what benefits the people, it remains on the earth. In this way God strikes parables.
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
Original (Hafs) يُوقِدُونَ
they heat
Variant Reading تُوقِدُونَ
you burn
The diacritical shift in the prefix from 'ya' (two dots below) to 'ta' (two dots above) changes the verb from third-person plural ('they heat') to second-person plural ('you burn/heat').
Read by: Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
وَلَوۡ أَنَّ قُرۡءَانٗا سُيِّرَتۡ بِهِ ٱلۡجِبَالُ أَوۡ قُطِّعَتۡ بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ أَوۡ كُلِّمَ بِهِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰۗ بَل لِّلَّهِ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ جَمِيعًاۗ أَفَلَمۡ يَاْيۡـَٔسِ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَن لَّوۡ يَشَآءُ ٱللَّهُ لَهَدَى ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗاۗ وَلَا يَزَالُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ تُصِيبُهُم بِمَا صَنَعُواْ قَارِعَةٌ أَوۡ تَحُلُّ قَرِيبٗا مِّن دَارِهِمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَأۡتِيَ وَعۡدُ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُخۡلِفُ ٱلۡمِيعَادَ
If (only there were) a Qur’ān by which the mountains were moved, or by which the earth were split open, or by which the dead were spoken to. No! The affair (belongs) to God altogether. Have those who believe no hope that, if God (so) pleased, He would indeed guide all the people? (As for) those who disbelieve, a striking will continue to smite them for what they have done, or it will descend near their home(s), until the promise of God comes. Surely God will not break the appointment.
Theological Defect
The Tafsir asserts a fatalistic determinism, stating 'he whom Allah misguides, will never find the true guidance', making God the active agent of human unbelief.
Incites Violence & Intolerance
The Tafsir interprets the divine 'disaster' descending upon the disbelievers' homes as the 'Messenger of Allah camping near their area and fighting them.' This explicitly frames military warfare and conquest as a divine punishment ordained by God against non-Muslims.
أَفَمَنۡ هُوَ قَآئِمٌ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ نَفۡسِۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡۗ وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ قُلۡ سَمُّوهُمۡۚ أَمۡ تُنَبِّـُٔونَهُۥ بِمَا لَا يَعۡلَمُ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَم بِظَٰهِرٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِۗ بَلۡ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مَكۡرُهُمۡ وَصُدُّواْ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۗ وَمَن يُضۡلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِنۡ هَادٖ
Is He who stands over every person for what he has earned [. . .]? They have set up associates for God. Say: ‘Name them! Or will you inform Him about what He does not know on the earth, or about what is said openly?’ No! Their scheming is made to appear enticing to those who disbelieve, and they are kept from the way. Whoever God leads astray has no guide.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs) وَصُدُّواْ
they are kept
Variant Reading وَصَدُّواْ
they barred
The vowel on the letter Sad changes from a damma in Hafs to a fatha in the variant, changing the verb from the passive voice (they were kept away) to the active voice (they barred others).
Read by: Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh
Theological Defect
The verse concludes by asserting that 'whoever God leads astray has no guide,' which portrays God as the active author of spiritual deception. This concept of divine misguidance contradicts the Christian understanding of God as uniformly desiring the salvation and truth of all people.
يَمۡحُواْ ٱللَّهُ مَا يَشَآءُ وَيُثۡبِتُۖ وَعِندَهُۥٓ أُمُّ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ
God blots out whatever He pleases, and He confirms (whatever He pleases). With Him is the mother of the Book.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs) وَيُثۡبِتُ
and He confirms
Variant Reading وَيُثَبِّتُ
and He firmly keeps
The reading shifts from the Form IV verb 'yuthbitu' (He confirms) to the Form II verb 'yuthabbitu' (He firmly keeps). The consonantal skeleton remains the same, but the change in vowels and the addition of a shaddah intensify the meaning of the action.
Read by: Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Warsh
وَقَدۡ مَكَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ فَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡمَكۡرُ جَمِيعٗاۖ يَعۡلَمُ مَا تَكۡسِبُ كُلُّ نَفۡسٖۗ وَسَيَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡكُفَّـٰرُ لِمَنۡ عُقۡبَى ٱلدَّارِ
Those who were before them schemed, but the scheme (belongs) to God altogether. He knows what every person earns, and soon the disbelievers will know to whom the outcome of the Home (belongs).
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs) ٱلۡكُفَّٰرُ
the disbelievers
Variant Reading اُ۬لْكَٰفِرُ
the denier
The word changes from the plural 'al-kuffār' (the disbelievers) to the singular 'al-kāfir' (the denier). Both words share the identical consonantal skeleton (الكفر) in the Uthmani script; the variation relies purely on the vowels and the placement of the dagger alif.
Read by: Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh
Theological Defect
The Tafsir invokes Quran 8:30 to explain this verse, stating 'they were plotting and Allah too was plotting; and Allah is the Best of those who plot.' Characterizing God as a 'plotter' or 'schemer' (makr) depicts the divine nature as utilizing deception, which contradicts the Christian view of God as essentially truthful and transparent.