Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change
ٱللَّهِ
God
اِ۬للَّهُ
(He is) Allah
Hafs reads the word with a kasrah (genitive case) as an apposition continuing from the previous verse. The variant reads it with a dammah (nominative case), making it an independent sentence.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh
ٱللَّهِ
God
ٱللَّهُ
(He is) Allah
Hafs reads 'Allah' in the genitive case (majrur) as an apposition continuing from the attributes in the previous verse. The variant reads it in the nominative case (marfu') to begin a completely new sentence, implying '(He is) Allah'.
Ruways
Theological Defect
وَٱسۡتَفۡتَحُواْ وَخَابَ كُلُّ جَبَّارٍ عَنِيدٖ
They asked for victory, and every stubborn tyrant despaired.
مِّن وَرَآئِهِۦ جَهَنَّمُ وَيُسۡقَىٰ مِن مَّآءٖ صَدِيدٖ
Behind him is Gehenna, and he is given a drink of filthy water.
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
ٱلرِّيحُ
the wind
اِ۬لرِّيَٰحُ
winds
The word for wind is read as singular (ar-rīḥ) in Hafs and plural (ar-riyāḥ) in the variant.
Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Different Word entirely
خَلَقَ
created
خَالِقُ
is the Creator
The Hafs recitation uses the past tense verb 'khalaqa' (created), whereas the variant uses the active participle/noun 'khāliqu' (Creator), shifting the grammatical structure to a noun construct (idafah) which also changes the case of the following words to genitive.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
Theological Defect
جَهَنَّمَ يَصۡلَوۡنَهَاۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡقَرَارُ
Gehenna – where they will burn? It is an evil dwelling place!
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
لِّيُضِلُّواْ
to lead (people) astray
لِّيَضِلُّواْ
to stray
The vowel change on the first letter from Damma (yu) to Fatha (ya) changes the verb from the causative Form IV 'to lead others astray' to the intransitive Form I 'to stray themselves'.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi
Historical Error
Contradicts the Bible
رَبَّنَا ٱغۡفِرۡ لِي وَلِوَٰلِدَيَّ وَلِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ يَوۡمَ يَقُومُ ٱلۡحِسَابُ
Our Lord, forgive me, and my parents, and the believers, on the Day when the reckoning takes place.’
وَتَرَى ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ يَوۡمَئِذٖ مُّقَرَّنِينَ فِي ٱلۡأَصۡفَادِ
and you will see the sinners on that Day bound together in chains,
سَرَابِيلُهُم مِّن قَطِرَانٖ وَتَغۡشَىٰ وُجُوهَهُمُ ٱلنَّارُ
their clothing (made) of pitch, and the Fire will cover their faces,
لِيَجۡزِيَ ٱللَّهُ كُلَّ نَفۡسٖ مَّا كَسَبَتۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ
so that God may repay everyone for what he has earned. Surely God is quick at the reckoning.