أَتَىٰٓ أَمۡرُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَسۡتَعۡجِلُوهُۚ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
يُشۡرِكُونَ
they associate
تُشۡرِكُونَ
you associate
The verb shifts from the third-person plural (they associate, starting with ya) to the second-person plural (you associate, starting with ta).
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
Failed Prophecy
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift) | Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
يُنَزِّلُ
He sends down
يُنزِلُ
He sends down
The verb shifts from Form II (yunazzilu), implying a gradual or repeated sending down, to Form IV (yunzilu), implying a singular or immediate act of sending down.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi
يُنَزِّلُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ
He sends down the angels
تُنَزَّلُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ
The angels are bestowed from on high
The verb changes from the active 'He sends down' (يُنَزِّلُ) to the passive 'are sent down / bestowed' (تُنَزَّلُ), changing 'the angels' from the grammatical object to the subject.
Rawh
خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ تَعَٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ
He created the heavens and the earth in truth. He is exalted above what they associate.
خَلَقَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ مِن نُّطۡفَةٖ فَإِذَا هُوَ خَصِيمٞ مُّبِينٞ
He created the human from a drop, and suddenly he (becomes) a clear adversary.
وَلَكُمۡ فِيهَا جَمَالٌ حِينَ تُرِيحُونَ وَحِينَ تَسۡرَحُونَ
And (there is) beauty in them for you, when you bring them in and when you lead them out.
وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ قَصۡدُ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمِنۡهَا جَآئِرٞۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ لَهَدَىٰكُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ
Theological Defect
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
يُنۢبِتُ
He causes to grow
نُنۢبِتُ
We germinate
The diacritical dots on the first letter change from a Ya (two dots below) to a Nun (one dot above), shifting the verb from third-person singular ('He') to first-person plural ('We').
Shu'bah
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change
وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ
and the sun and the moon,
وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ
And the sun and the moon
The words for 'the sun' and 'the moon' change from accusative objects (fatha) of the previous verb to nominative subjects (damma) of a new nominal sentence, grouping them with 'the stars'.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan
وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتُۢ
and the stars (are) subjected
وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتِۢ
and the stars—(all) subjected
In Hafs, 'the stars' is in the nominative case as the subject of a new clause. In the variant, 'the stars' is in the accusative case, continuing the list of objects subjected by Him, with 'subjected' functioning as a circumstantial modifier (hal) in the accusative case.
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
Historical Error
وَعَلَٰمَٰتٖۚ وَبِٱلنَّجۡمِ هُمۡ يَهۡتَدُونَ
and landmarks (too). And by the stars they guide (themselves).
أَفَمَن يَخۡلُقُ كَمَن لَّا يَخۡلُقُۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ
Is the One who creates like the one who does not create? Will you not take heed?
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
تَذَكَّرُونَ
take heed
تَذَّكَّرُونَ
constantly remember
The variant adds a shadda (tashdid) on the letter dhal, indicating the assimilation of a 'ta' prefix into the 'dhal' (tadhdhakkarūn instead of tadhakkarūn). This intensification alters the meaning slightly to imply continuous or emphasized remembrance.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
وَٱلَّذِينَ يَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَخۡلُقُونَ شَيۡـٔٗا وَهُمۡ يُخۡلَقُونَ
Those they call on instead of God do not create anything, since they are (themselves) created.
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
يَدۡعُونَ
they call on
تَدْعُونَ
you call upon
The prefix letter changes from yaa (two dots below) to taa (two dots above), shifting the pronoun from the third-person 'they call' to the second-person 'you call'.
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh
أَمۡوَٰتٌ غَيۡرُ أَحۡيَآءٖۖ وَمَا يَشۡعُرُونَ أَيَّانَ يُبۡعَثُونَ
(They are) dead, not alive, and they do not realize when they will be raised up.
Promotes Division & Discrimination
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُم مَّاذَآ أَنزَلَ رَبُّكُمۡ قَالُوٓاْ أَسَٰطِيرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ
When it is said to them, ‘What has your Lord sent down?,’ they say, ‘Old tales!’
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
Theological Defect
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Addition / Omission of Word
تُشَٰٓقُّونَ
you broke away
تُشَٰٓقُّونِ
you used to oppose Me
The vowel on the final 'nun' changes from a fatha in Hafs to a kasra in the variant. This kasra indicates an elided first-person object pronoun (ya al-mutakallim), thereby adding the specific meaning 'Me' to the verb.
Qalun, Warsh
فَٱدۡخُلُوٓاْ أَبۡوَٰبَ جَهَنَّمَ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَاۖ فَلَبِئۡسَ مَثۡوَى ٱلۡمُتَكَبِّرِينَ
So enter the gates of Gehenna, there to remain. Evil indeed is the dwelling place of the arrogant!’
فَأَصَابَهُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتُ مَا عَمِلُواْ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُواْ بِهِۦ يَسۡتَهۡزِءُونَ
So the evils of what they had done smote them, and what they were mocking overwhelmed them.
Theological Defect
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
يَهۡدِي
guide
يُهْد۪ىٰ
be guided
The verb changes from the active 'yahdī' (He guides) to the passive 'yuhdā' (is guided), shifting the grammatical focus from Allah's action to the state of those led astray.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh
Theological Defect
إِنَّمَا قَوۡلُنَا لِشَيۡءٍ إِذَآ أَرَدۡنَٰهُ أَن نَّقُولَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ
Our only word to a thing, when We intend it, is that We say to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change
فَيَكُونُ
and it is
فَيَكُونَ
so it is
The vowel on the letter nun changes from a damma (nominative) to a fatha (accusative/subjunctive). In Hafs, it is read as an independent indicative clause ('and it is'). In the variant, it is read in the subjunctive case coupled with the preceding particle of intent ('so that it is' or 'so it is').
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan
ٱلَّذِينَ صَبَرُواْ وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمۡ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ
(They are) those who are patient and put their trust in their Lord.
Contradicts the Bible
أَوۡ يَأۡخُذَهُمۡ فِي تَقَلُّبِهِمۡ فَمَا هُم بِمُعۡجِزِينَ
Or that He will not seize them in their comings and goings, and they will not be able to escape?
يَخَافُونَ رَبَّهُم مِّن فَوۡقِهِمۡ وَيَفۡعَلُونَ مَا يُؤۡمَرُونَ۩
They fear their Lord above them, and they do what they are commanded.
وَمَا بِكُم مِّن نِّعۡمَةٖ فَمِنَ ٱللَّهِۖ ثُمَّ إِذَا مَسَّكُمُ ٱلضُّرُّ فَإِلَيۡهِ تَجۡـَٔرُونَ
Whatever blessing you have is from God. Then when hardship touches you, (it is) to Him you cry out.
ثُمَّ إِذَا كَشَفَ ٱلضُّرَّ عَنكُمۡ إِذَا فَرِيقٞ مِّنكُم بِرَبِّهِمۡ يُشۡرِكُونَ
Then when He removes the hardship from you, suddenly a group of you associates with their Lord,
لِيَكۡفُرُواْ بِمَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡۚ فَتَمَتَّعُواْ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ
to show ingratitude for what We have given them. Enjoy (yourselves)! Soon you will know!
وَيَجۡعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡبَنَٰتِ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ وَلَهُم مَّا يَشۡتَهُونَ
And they assign daughters to God – glory to Him! – and to themselves (they assign) what they desire.
Devalues Women
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
مُّفۡرَطُونَ
rushed
مُّفْرِطُونَ
neglecting
The vowel on the letter ra' changes from a fatha to a kasrah, shifting the word from a passive participle (those rushed into the Fire) to an active participle (those neglecting their duties or exceeding bounds).
Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
مُّفۡرَطُونَ
rushed (into it)
مُّفْرِطُونَ
gone too far
The vowel on the letter ra' changes from a fatha in Hafs (passive participle) to a kasra in the variant (active participle). This shifts the meaning from being rushed into the Fire (passive) to those who actively exceed bounds or go too far (active).
Qalun, Warsh
Devalues Women
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
نُّسۡقِيكُم
We give you to drink
يُسۡقِيكُم
they give you to drink
The verb prefix changes from 'Nun' to 'Ya', altering the subject from the first-person plural 'We' (referring to Allah) to the third-person 'they' or 'it' (referring to the livestock).
Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
Historical Error
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
يَجۡحَدُونَ
they deny
تَجۡحَدُونَ
Do you(pl) then repudiate
The Hafs reading uses the third-person prefix 'ya' in 'yajḥadūna' (they deny), referring to the ungrateful. The variant uses the second-person prefix 'ta' in 'tajḥadūna' (you deny), shifting the grammatical person to directly address the audience.
Ruways, Shu'bah
Sanctions Slavery & Concubinage
فَلَا تَضۡرِبُواْ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ
Do not strike any parables for God. Surely God knows and you do not know.
Sanctions Slavery & Concubinage
Sanctions Slavery & Concubinage
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
يَرَوۡاْ
they see
تَرَوۡاْ
youpl seen
The prefix of the verb changes from a ya' with two dots below to a ta' with two dots above, shifting the subject from the third-person 'they' to the second-person 'you' (plural).
Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways
فَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَلَٰغُ ٱلۡمُبِينُ
If they turn away – only (dependent) on you is the clear delivery (of the message).
يَعۡرِفُونَ نِعۡمَتَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُنكِرُونَهَا وَأَكۡثَرُهُمُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ
They recognize the blessing of God, (and) then they reject it. Most of them are ungrateful.
وَأَلۡقَوۡاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ يَوۡمَئِذٍ ٱلسَّلَمَۖ وَضَلَّ عَنۡهُم مَّا كَانُواْ يَفۡتَرُونَ
And they will offer peace to God on that Day, and (then) what they have forged will abandon them.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
تَذَكَّرُونَ
take heed
تَذَّكَّرُونَ
constantly remember
The variant recitation adds a shaddah (tashdeed) to the letter dhal, indicating the assimilation of an underlying second 'ta' (tatadhakkarun). This morphological emphasis intensifies the meaning from simply taking heed to continuously and deeply remembering.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
Theological Defect
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
وَلَنَجۡزِيَنَّ
and We shall indeed pay
وَلَيَجْزِيَنَّ
And He will most surely repay
The prefix of the verb changes from 'nun' (indicating first-person plural 'We') in Hafs to 'ya' (indicating third-person singular 'He') in the variant.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh
فَإِذَا قَرَأۡتَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ فَٱسۡتَعِذۡ بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ
When you recite the Qur’ān, take refuge with God from the accursed Satan.
إِنَّهُۥ لَيۡسَ لَهُۥ سُلۡطَٰنٌ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمۡ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ
Surely he has no authority over those who believe and put their trust in their Lord.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
يُنَزِّلُ
He sends down
يُنزِلُ
He sends down
The verb shifts from Form II (yunazzilu), which implies sending down gradually or in stages, to Form IV (yunzilu), which simply means sending down in a general sense or all at once.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi
Theological Defect
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَهۡدِيهِمُ ٱللَّهُ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
Theological Defect
لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ هُمُ ٱلۡخَٰسِرُونَ
(There is) no doubt that in the Hereafter they (will be) the losers.
مَتَٰعٞ قَلِيلٞ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ
A little enjoyment (of life), and (then) for them (there is) a painful punishment.
إِنَّ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ كَانَ أُمَّةٗ قَانِتٗا لِّلَّهِ حَنِيفٗا وَلَمۡ يَكُ مِنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ
Surely Abraham was a community obedient before God – a Ḥanīf – yet he was not one of the idolaters.
شَاكِرٗا لِّأَنۡعُمِهِۚ ٱجۡتَبَىٰهُ وَهَدَىٰهُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٖ
(He was) thankful for His blessings. He chose him and guided him to a straight path.
وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا حَسَنَةٗۖ وَإِنَّهُۥ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ لَمِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ
We gave him good in this world, and surely in the Hereafter he will indeed be among the righteous.