ذِكۡرُ رَحۡمَتِ رَبِّكَ عَبۡدَهُۥ زَكَرِيَّآ
A remembrance of the mercy of your Lord (to) His servant Zachariah:
يَرِثُنِي وَيَرِثُ مِنۡ ءَالِ يَعۡقُوبَۖ وَٱجۡعَلۡهُ رَبِّ رَضِيّٗا
(who) will inherit from me and inherit from the house of Jacob, and make him, my Lord, pleasing.’
Historical Error
قَالَ كَذَٰلِكَ قَالَ رَبُّكَ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٞ وَقَدۡ خَلَقۡتُكَ مِن قَبۡلُ وَلَمۡ تَكُ شَيۡـٔٗا
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Change of Person
خَلَقْتُكَ
I created you
خَلَقْنَاكَ
We created you
The verb shifts from the first-person singular pronoun 'I' (tu) to the first-person plural 'We' (naa), changing the reference from a singular speaker to the royal plural.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, Khallad
قَالَ رَبِّ ٱجۡعَل لِّيٓ ءَايَةٗۖ قَالَ ءَايَتُكَ أَلَّا تُكَلِّمَ ٱلنَّاسَ ثَلَٰثَ لَيَالٖ سَوِيّٗا
يَٰيَحۡيَىٰ خُذِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِقُوَّةٖۖ وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُ ٱلۡحُكۡمَ صَبِيّٗا
‘John! Hold fast the Book!’ And We gave him the judgment as a child,
وَحَنَانٗا مِّن لَّدُنَّا وَزَكَوٰةٗۖ وَكَانَ تَقِيّٗا
and grace from Us, and purity. He was one who guarded (himself)
وَبَرَّۢا بِوَٰلِدَيۡهِ وَلَمۡ يَكُن جَبَّارًا عَصِيّٗا
and was dutiful to his parents. He was not a tyrant (or) disobedient.
وَسَلَٰمٌ عَلَيۡهِ يَوۡمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوۡمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوۡمَ يُبۡعَثُ حَيّٗا
Peace (be) upon him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he is raised up alive.
وَٱذۡكُرۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مَرۡيَمَ إِذِ ٱنتَبَذَتۡ مِنۡ أَهۡلِهَا مَكَانٗا شَرۡقِيّٗا
And remember in the Book Mary: When she withdrew from her family to an eastern place,
قَالَتۡ إِنِّيٓ أَعُوذُ بِٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ مِنكَ إِن كُنتَ تَقِيّٗا
She said, ‘Surely I take refuge with the Merciful from you, if you are one who guards (yourself).’
قَالَ إِنَّمَآ أَنَا۠ رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلَٰمٗا زَكِيّٗا
He said, ‘I am only a messenger of your Lord (sent) to grant you a boy (who is) pure.’
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Change of Person
لِأَهَبَ
to grant
لِيَهَبَ
He may grant
The verb changes from the first person singular 'I may grant' (referring to the angel) to the third person singular 'He may grant' (referring to Allah).
Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh
قَالَتۡ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي غُلَٰمٞ وَلَمۡ يَمۡسَسۡنِي بَشَرٞ وَلَمۡ أَكُ بَغِيّٗا
She said, ‘How can I have a boy, when no human being has touched me, nor am I a prostitute?’
۞فَحَمَلَتۡهُ فَٱنتَبَذَتۡ بِهِۦ مَكَانٗا قَصِيّٗا
So she conceived him, and withdrew with him to a place far away.
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
فَنَادَىٰهَا مِن تَحۡتِهَآ أَلَّا تَحۡزَنِي قَدۡ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحۡتَكِ سَرِيّٗا
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
مِن تَحۡتِهَا
from beneath her
مَن تَحۡتَهَا
the one beneath her
Changing the vowel on the first letter from a kasra ('min' meaning 'from') to a fatha ('man' meaning 'the one who') transforms the word from a preposition into a relative pronoun. Consequently, the grammatical case of 'beneath' changes, and 'the one beneath her' becomes the subject of the calling.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
وَهُزِّيٓ إِلَيۡكِ بِجِذۡعِ ٱلنَّخۡلَةِ تُسَٰقِطۡ عَلَيۡكِ رُطَبٗا جَنِيّٗا
Shake the trunk of the date palm toward you, and it will drop on you fresh ripe (dates).
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
تُسَٰقِطۡ
it will drop
يُسَٰقِطۡ
it will drop
The verb prefix changes from 'ta' (feminine) to 'ya' (masculine), shifting the subject from the date palm to its trunk.
Rawh, Ruways
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
يَـٰٓأُخۡتَ هَٰرُونَ مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ ٱمۡرَأَ سَوۡءٖ وَمَا كَانَتۡ أُمُّكِ بَغِيّٗا
Sister of Aaron! Your father was not a bad man, nor was your mother a prostitute.’
Historical Error
فَأَشَارَتۡ إِلَيۡهِۖ قَالُواْ كَيۡفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَ فِي ٱلۡمَهۡدِ صَبِيّٗا
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
قَالَ إِنِّي عَبۡدُ ٱللَّهِ ءَاتَىٰنِيَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَجَعَلَنِي نَبِيّٗا
He said, ‘Surely I am a servant of God. He has given me the Book and made me a prophet.
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
وَجَعَلَنِي مُبَارَكًا أَيۡنَ مَا كُنتُ وَأَوۡصَٰنِي بِٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَٱلزَّكَوٰةِ مَا دُمۡتُ حَيّٗا
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
وَبَرَّۢا بِوَٰلِدَتِي وَلَمۡ يَجۡعَلۡنِي جَبَّارٗا شَقِيّٗا
and (to be) respectful to my mother. He has not made me a tyrant (or) miserable.
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
وَٱلسَّلَٰمُ عَلَيَّ يَوۡمَ وُلِدتُّ وَيَوۡمَ أَمُوتُ وَيَوۡمَ أُبۡعَثُ حَيّٗا
Peace (be) upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I am raised up alive.’
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
ذَٰلِكَ عِيسَى ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَۖ قَوۡلَ ٱلۡحَقِّ ٱلَّذِي فِيهِ يَمۡتَرُونَ
That was Jesus, son of Mary – a statement of the truth about which they are in doubt.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change
قَوۡلَ
a statement
قَوْلُ
(that is) the word
The word changes from the accusative case (qawla) to the nominative case (qawlu), shifting its grammatical role from an absolute object (maf'ul mutlaq) to the predicate (khabar) of an implied subject.
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh
Contradicts the Bible
وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمۡ فَٱعۡبُدُوهُۚ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطٞ مُّسۡتَقِيمٞ
‘Surely God is my Lord and your Lord, so serve Him! This is a straight path.’
أَسۡمِعۡ بِهِمۡ وَأَبۡصِرۡ يَوۡمَ يَأۡتُونَنَا لَٰكِنِ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ فِي ضَلَٰلٖ مُّبِينٖ
إِنَّا نَحۡنُ نَرِثُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَمَنۡ عَلَيۡهَا وَإِلَيۡنَا يُرۡجَعُونَ
Surely We shall inherit the earth, and whoever is on it, and to Us they will be returned.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
يُرۡجَعُونَ
they will be returned
يَرۡجِعُونَ
they return
The verb changes from the passive form in Hafs (yurjaʿūn - they will be returned) to the active form in the variant (yarjiʿūn - they return) by changing the internal vowels, while the consonantal text remains identical.
Rawh, Ruways
وَٱذۡكُرۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ صِدِّيقٗا نَّبِيًّا
And remember in the Book Abraham: Surely he was a man of truth, a prophet.
يَـٰٓأَبَتِ لَا تَعۡبُدِ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنَۖ إِنَّ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنَ كَانَ لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ عَصِيّٗا
My father! Do not serve Satan! Surely Satan is disobedient to the Merciful.
وَوَهَبۡنَا لَهُم مِّن رَّحۡمَتِنَا وَجَعَلۡنَا لَهُمۡ لِسَانَ صِدۡقٍ عَلِيّٗا
We granted them some of Our mercy, and We assigned to them a true (and) high reputation.
وَٱذۡكُرۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مُوسَىٰٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مُخۡلَصٗا وَكَانَ رَسُولٗا نَّبِيّٗا
And remember in the Book Moses: Surely he was devoted, and he was a messenger, a prophet.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
مُخۡلَصٗا
devoted
مُخْلِصاٗ
sincere
Hafs reads with a fatha on the lam (mukhlaṣan), making it a passive participle meaning 'purified' or 'chosen' by Allah. The variant reads with a kasra on the lam (mukhliṣan), making it an active participle meaning 'sincere' or 'devoting' himself purely to Allah.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh
وَنَٰدَيۡنَٰهُ مِن جَانِبِ ٱلطُّورِ ٱلۡأَيۡمَنِ وَقَرَّبۡنَٰهُ نَجِيّٗا
We called him from the right side of the mountain, and We brought him near in conversation.
وَوَهَبۡنَا لَهُۥ مِن رَّحۡمَتِنَآ أَخَاهُ هَٰرُونَ نَبِيّٗا
And We granted him some of Our mercy: his brother Aaron, a prophet.
وَكَانَ يَأۡمُرُ أَهۡلَهُۥ بِٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَٱلزَّكَوٰةِ وَكَانَ عِندَ رَبِّهِۦ مَرۡضِيّٗا
He commanded his people with the prayer and the alms, and he was pleasing before his Lord.
وَٱذۡكُرۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ إِدۡرِيسَۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ صِدِّيقٗا نَّبِيّٗا
And remember in the Book Idrīs: Surely he was a man of truth, a prophet.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
يَدۡخُلُونَ
will enter
يُدۡخَلُونَ
shall be entered
The verb is changed from the active form (they will enter) to the passive form (they shall be entered) by changing the vowels.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi
تِلۡكَ ٱلۡجَنَّةُ ٱلَّتِي نُورِثُ مِنۡ عِبَادِنَا مَن كَانَ تَقِيّٗا
That is the Garden which We give as an inheritance to those of Our servants who guard (themselves).
وَيَقُولُ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ أَءِذَا مَا مِتُّ لَسَوۡفَ أُخۡرَجُ حَيًّا
The human says, ‘When I am dead, shall I indeed be brought forth alive?’
Extra Word - Addition / Omission of Word
أَءِذَا
shall I indeed
إِذَا
will I
The variant (read by Ibn Dhakwan) omits the interrogative hamza (أَ), shifting the explicit question particle to a declarative form (إِذَا). The translation reflects this by softening 'shall I indeed' to 'will I' while maintaining the contextually implied question.
Ibn Dhakwan
أَوَلَا يَذۡكُرُ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ أَنَّا خَلَقۡنَٰهُ مِن قَبۡلُ وَلَمۡ يَكُ شَيۡـٔٗا
Does the human not remember that We created him before, when he was nothing?
ثُمَّ لَنَحۡنُ أَعۡلَمُ بِٱلَّذِينَ هُمۡ أَوۡلَىٰ بِهَا صِلِيّٗا
Then indeed We shall know those who most deserve burning with it.
ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَواْ وَّنَذَرُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيّٗا
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
نُنَجِّي
We shall rescue
نُنْجِي
We save
The verb changes from Form II (nunajjī) to Form IV (nunjī) by altering the vowels and removing the shaddah. Form II often implies an intensive, gradual, or repeated rescuing, whereas Form IV implies a single, immediate act of saving.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Rawh, Ruways
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
مَّقَامٗا
status
مُّقَامٗا
dwelling place
The change in the first vowel from a fat-ha (maqām) to a damma (muqām) alters the noun form. 'Maqām' refers to one's status or place of standing, whereas 'muqām' refers to a dwelling place or place of residence.
Bazzi, Qunbul
أَطَّلَعَ ٱلۡغَيۡبَ أَمِ ٱتَّخَذَ عِندَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ عَهۡدٗا
Has he looked into the unseen, or has he taken a covenant with the Merciful?
كَلَّاۚ سَنَكۡتُبُ مَا يَقُولُ وَنَمُدُّ لَهُۥ مِنَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ مَدّٗا
By no means! We shall write down what he says, and We shall increase the punishment for him.
وَنَرِثُهُۥ مَا يَقُولُ وَيَأۡتِينَا فَرۡدٗا
We shall inherit from him what he says, and he will come to Us alone.
وَٱتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ ءَالِهَةٗ لِّيَكُونُواْ لَهُمۡ عِزّٗا
They have taken gods other than God, so that they might be a (source of) honor for them.
كَلَّاۚ سَيَكۡفُرُونَ بِعِبَادَتِهِمۡ وَيَكُونُونَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ضِدًّا
By no means! They will deny their service, and they will be opposed to them.
أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّآ أَرۡسَلۡنَا ٱلشَّيَٰطِينَ عَلَى ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمۡ أَزّٗا
Do you not see that We have sent the satans against the disbelievers to incite them.
Theological Defect
فَلَا تَعۡجَلۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡۖ إِنَّمَا نَعُدُّ لَهُمۡ عَدّٗا
So do not be in a hurry with them. We are only counting for them a (certain) number (of years).
يَوۡمَ نَحۡشُرُ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ إِلَى ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ وَفۡدٗا
On the Day when We shall gather to the Merciful the ones who guarded (themselves) like a delegation,
وَقَالُواْ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ وَلَدٗا
They say, ‘The Merciful has taken a son.’
Contradicts the Bible
لَّقَدۡ جِئۡتُمۡ شَيۡـًٔا إِدّٗا
Certainly you have put forth something abhorrent!
Contradicts the Bible
تَكَادُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ يَتَفَطَّرۡنَ مِنۡهُ وَتَنشَقُّ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَتَخِرُّ ٱلۡجِبَالُ هَدًّا
Contradicts the Bible
أَن دَعَوۡاْ لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ وَلَدٗا
– that they should attribute to the Merciful a son,
Contradicts the Bible
وَمَا يَنۢبَغِي لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا
when it is not fitting for the Merciful to take a son.
Contradicts the Bible
إِن كُلُّ مَن فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ إِلَّآ ءَاتِي ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ عَبۡدٗا
(There is) no one in the heavens and the earth who comes to the Merciful except as a servant.
Contradicts the Bible
وَكُلُّهُمۡ ءَاتِيهِ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ فَرۡدًا
Each one of them will come to Him on the Day of Resurrection alone.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ سَيَجۡعَلُ لَهُمُ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ وُدّٗا
Surely those who believe and do righteous deeds – to them the Merciful will show (His) love.