This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This 9-folio parchment fragment is an important early witness to the Quranic text, exhibiting a transitional script that blends elements of Hijazi IV and early Kufic B.Ia styles. It completely lacks vocalization and uses simple dashes for diacritics, which supports its early production date.

This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.

This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

This almost complete codex is notable for being written by at least six different scribes in Kufic script. Originally documented in Gotthelf Bergsträßer's archives as 'Medina 1a', its folios were later repaired with paper edges, and a few missing pages were completed in Naskh script.

This monumental manuscript is one of the oldest surviving Qurans, traditionally believed to be the personal copy of Caliph Uthman stained with his blood. After being taken by Russian imperial forces in 1868 to Saint Petersburg, it was repatriated to Tashkent in 1923.

The physical manuscript is currently lost and its origin is unknown; it survives today only through six photographs published in Bernhard Moritz's monumental 1905 album 'Arabic Palaeography'.

This codex fragment was documented in Bernhard Moritz's 1905 'Arabic Palaeography' album and was reportedly discovered in the ancient Egyptian city of Bahnasa (Oxyrynchos). Scholars suggest it may originally belong to the same large codex as other early Quranic fragments currently held in the Vatican, Paris, and the Khalili Collections.

This manuscript features unique historical touches including faded notes from multiple hands, penciled-in Surah headings, and a small geometric drawing accompanied by blessings. Its original red-brown leather covers, decorated with a blind-tooled pattern of crossing hatched bands, were preserved by being bound directly into its newer binding. Additionally, the text displays colorful editorial marks, with missing letters like Alifs later added in red and green ink.

This manuscript features unique historical touches including faded notes from multiple hands, penciled-in Surah headings, and a small geometric drawing accompanied by blessings. Its original red-brown leather covers, decorated with a blind-tooled pattern of crossing hatched bands, were preserved by being bound directly into its newer binding. Additionally, the text displays colorful editorial marks, with missing letters like Alifs later added in red and green ink.

A notable feature of this manuscript is its use of violet ink. It employs violet-colored alifs to mark groups of five verses and circles of the same color for groups of ten, and also features surah headings written in violet ink that include a unique introductory formula alongside the verse count.

A notable feature of this manuscript is its use of violet ink. It employs violet-colored alifs to mark groups of five verses and circles of the same color for groups of ten, and also features surah headings written in violet ink that include a unique introductory formula alongside the verse count.

This nearly complete 8th-century Quranic manuscript is notable for its extensive preservation, containing text from the very beginning of the Quran to its final Surah. Curiously, folio 134 has been reported missing from the French National Library since approximately 2000, and no microfilm image of it survives.

This manuscript is a highly prized copy traditionally ascribed to the penmanship of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph. It features modern gold and colored borders on the paper margins.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This nearly complete codex is an exceptional document, as complete codices in Kūfī D script style are extremely rare. The manuscript features illuminated pages for the first three and last six folios, as well as at surah beginnings.

This manuscript features a forged colophon claiming it was copied in 798 AD by order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. An old legend also suggested it was a diplomatic gift sent to Charlemagne, though scholars have proven both the attribution and the legend to be false.

This manuscript features the 'New Style III' script with large, filled-in letter heads, and fine strokes that resemble later Maghrebi styles. While consonantal diacritics are entirely absent, it is heavily vocalized using red dots.

This manuscript, comprising 213 parchment folios, contains the entire second half of the Quran starting from Surah Maryam (19). It was documented by Wilhelm Ahlwardt in his 1887 catalogue of Arabic manuscripts at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin and is notable for its robust Early Kufic script (D.Vb) with characteristic letterforms, such as the initial and medial 'kāf' often resembling 'dāl'.

This heavily decorated manuscript is notable for its rich gold ornamentation, including golden hāʾ for five-verse markers and margin medallions spelling out ten-verse counts. It is part of a larger dispersed codex and connects directly with manuscript C. 4, while folio 150r bears an enigmatic 'no 7' note written by a later European hand.

This heavily decorated manuscript is notable for its rich gold ornamentation, including golden hāʾ for five-verse markers and margin medallions spelling out ten-verse counts. It is part of a larger dispersed codex and connects directly with manuscript C. 4, while folio 150r bears an enigmatic 'no 7' note written by a later European hand.

This heavily decorated manuscript is notable for its rich gold ornamentation, including golden hāʾ for five-verse markers and margin medallions spelling out ten-verse counts. It is part of a larger dispersed codex and connects directly with manuscript C. 4, while folio 150r bears an enigmatic 'no 7' note written by a later European hand.

This heavily decorated manuscript is notable for its rich gold ornamentation, including golden hāʾ for five-verse markers and margin medallions spelling out ten-verse counts. It is part of a larger dispersed codex and connects directly with manuscript C. 4, while folio 150r bears an enigmatic 'no 7' note written by a later European hand.

The manuscript uses decorative medallions and bands to mark every ten verses, rather than separating individual verses. A marginal note in cursive script reveals it was once owned by Aḥmad Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Huwaydī, with later readers adding pious notes in the margins.

BNF Arabe 351 is an early Quranic manuscript written in the Kufic D.III script with 5 lines per page. It belongs to the same original codex as several dispersed fragments, notably those from the Jean-Joseph Marcel collection currently held in Russia.

BNF Arabe 351 is an early Quranic manuscript written in the Kufic D.III script with 5 lines per page. It belongs to the same original codex as several dispersed fragments, notably those from the Jean-Joseph Marcel collection currently held in Russia.

Held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, this manuscript features red dots for vocalization and green dots for hamza. It also uses gold Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to mark groups of five verses and marginal medallions for tens of verses.

Held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, this manuscript features red dots for vocalization and green dots for hamza. It also uses gold Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to mark groups of five verses and marginal medallions for tens of verses.

The manuscript features rare oval diacritics and red dots for vocalization. Golden Kufic letters (hāʾ) are used to mark groups of five verses, while ten-verse groups are marked with decorative medallions. Notably, the beginning of Surah 19 includes the surah's title and verse count inscribed in golden ink.

The manuscript features rare oval diacritics and red dots for vocalization. Golden Kufic letters (hāʾ) are used to mark groups of five verses, while ten-verse groups are marked with decorative medallions. Notably, the beginning of Surah 19 includes the surah's title and verse count inscribed in golden ink.

This manuscript features elaborate golden illuminations, including a golden Kufic 'hāʾ' to mark every five verses and ornate medallions for every ten verses. The surah headers are beautifully decorated with golden titles, verse counts, and foliate vignettes.

This anonymous, undated Kufic manuscript stands out for its decorative features, including yellow Kufic 'hā' letters marking groups of five verses and vine-scroll vignettes for surah headings. It features a recent Maghrebi binding with geometric gold motifs and previously belonged to the collection of General Lyautey.

This codex is largely complete, containing the entire Quran, though the first folio and a few other leaves were supplied by a later hand. Written on parchment, the manuscript represents an important transitional stage in the evolution of the Arabic script toward the Maghrebi style. While generally well-preserved, some of the early and late folios exhibit water damage and have been repaired.

This fragment of an Abbasid Qur'ān is written on parchment and features 5 lines per page. It is a valuable example of the 'New Style I' script from the 10th to 11th century.

This fragment of an Abbasid Qur'ān is written on parchment and features 5 lines per page. It is a valuable example of the 'New Style I' script from the 10th to 11th century.

This manuscript is a fragment of an Abbasid Qur'ān written on 36 parchment folios.

Part of the Minassian Collection at Brown University, this leaf is written in New Style I script on paper, demonstrating the transition to paper as a writing material for Qurans in the Islamic world.

This complete Quran was produced in Baghdad by the renowned calligrapher ʿAlī b. Hilāl, also known as Ibn al-Bawwāb, around 1000-1001 AD. He is a significant figure in Islamic art, closely associated with the adoption of the round Naskh script to transcribe the Quran.

This codex is closely related to two other Andalusian manuscripts held in Istanbul, which were written in Cordoba (1143-1144 AD) and Valencia (1182-1183 AD), suggesting a similar provenance. It features distinctive Maġribī micrography for the main text and angular chrysography for the Surah headings.

This manuscript is part of the Minassian Collection at Brown University, assembled by Kirkor Minassian, a prominent early 20th-century antiquities dealer. The codex is notable for being written in tauqīʿ, a cursive Islamic chancery script.