This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

This codex is known primarily through photographs in the Gotthelf Bergsträßer archive, taken in the early 1930s. Although the original manuscript is no longer identifiable in the current museum catalogue, these rare photographs survived World War II and provide a crucial record of this early text.

This codex is known primarily through photographs in the Gotthelf Bergsträßer archive, taken in the early 1930s. Although the original manuscript is no longer identifiable in the current museum catalogue, these rare photographs survived World War II and provide a crucial record of this early text.

This monumental manuscript is one of the oldest surviving Qurans, traditionally believed to be the personal copy of Caliph Uthman stained with his blood. After being taken by Russian imperial forces in 1868 to Saint Petersburg, it was repatriated to Tashkent in 1923.

This monumental manuscript is one of the oldest surviving Qurans, traditionally believed to be the personal copy of Caliph Uthman stained with his blood. After being taken by Russian imperial forces in 1868 to Saint Petersburg, it was repatriated to Tashkent in 1923.

The manuscript suffered significant water damage in the past and underwent a careful historical restoration. Its original margins were cut away and replaced with new paper borders, which were then elegantly decorated with broad gold lines and fine blue lines.

This nearly complete 8th-century Quranic manuscript is notable for its extensive preservation, containing text from the very beginning of the Quran to its final Surah. Curiously, folio 134 has been reported missing from the French National Library since approximately 2000, and no microfilm image of it survives.

This early parchment folio from the Vatican Library's collection was originally discovered in Fustat (Old Cairo), Egypt. It features the Kūfī D.I script and employs oblique dashes for diacritical marks with red dots for vocalization. While individual verses lack markers, a quinary verse divider in the shape of a stylized, illuminated 'hā' (representing the number 5) is visible on the recto.

This extensive 8th-century manuscript is well-known today through a collection of 471 photographs taken by Gotthelf Bergsträßer around 1930, preserving its contents in his archive.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This nearly complete codex is an exceptional document, as complete codices in Kūfī D script style are extremely rare. The manuscript features illuminated pages for the first three and last six folios, as well as at surah beginnings.

This nearly complete codex is an exceptional document, as complete codices in Kūfī D script style are extremely rare. The manuscript features illuminated pages for the first three and last six folios, as well as at surah beginnings.

This manuscript was extensively photographed as part of the Gotthelf Bergsträßer Archive before World War II. The original first folio was lost and replaced with a paper leaf in thuluth script, while the original ancient parchment continues from the fourth word of Q 2:5.

This manuscript was extensively photographed as part of the Gotthelf Bergsträßer Archive before World War II. The original first folio was lost and replaced with a paper leaf in thuluth script, while the original ancient parchment continues from the fourth word of Q 2:5.

This manuscript features a forged colophon claiming it was copied in 798 AD by order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. An old legend also suggested it was a diplomatic gift sent to Charlemagne, though scholars have proven both the attribution and the legend to be false.

This manuscript is notable for its elaborate geometric and vegetal full-page illuminations on the first and last folios, utilizing golden loops and stylized motifs. It also includes early diacritics and vocalization indicators in the form of partial red dots.

This manuscript is notable for its elaborate geometric and vegetal full-page illuminations on the first and last folios, utilizing golden loops and stylized motifs. It also includes early diacritics and vocalization indicators in the form of partial red dots.

This two-folio parchment fragment features oblique strokes for diacritics and red dots for vocalization. It is notable for its early illumination practices: golden Kufic hāʾ letters mark groups of five verses, and medallions mark groups of ten. Additionally, Surah 2 (Al-Baqarah) is introduced with its title and verse count in golden characters on a white and green background within a golden frame.

This Abbasid-era manuscript features verses inscribed in a gilded frame, with several folios decorated with rectangular gilded panels. It was acquired by Edward H. Palmer during an 1878 research trip to the Sinai Peninsula.

This Abbasid-era manuscript features verses inscribed in a gilded frame, with several folios decorated with rectangular gilded panels. It was acquired by Edward H. Palmer during an 1878 research trip to the Sinai Peninsula.

This codex is largely complete, containing the entire Quran, though the first folio and a few other leaves were supplied by a later hand. Written on parchment, the manuscript represents an important transitional stage in the evolution of the Arabic script toward the Maghrebi style. While generally well-preserved, some of the early and late folios exhibit water damage and have been repaired.

This 10th-century Quranic manuscript is notable for being written on Oriental paper rather than parchment. It features complete diacritics and vocalization, with distinctive colorful verse markers including yellow Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to signal groups of five verses.

This miniature single-volume manuscript features extremely small folios measuring just 7.3 x 6 cm. It is written in a miniature form of the New Style script, and currently has later lacquer covers with floral decoration and a black leather spine.

This miniature single-volume manuscript features extremely small folios measuring just 7.3 x 6 cm. It is written in a miniature form of the New Style script, and currently has later lacquer covers with floral decoration and a black leather spine.

This miniature single-volume manuscript features extremely small folios measuring just 7.3 x 6 cm. It is written in a miniature form of the New Style script, and currently has later lacquer covers with floral decoration and a black leather spine.

This complete Quran was produced in Baghdad by the renowned calligrapher ʿAlī b. Hilāl, also known as Ibn al-Bawwāb, around 1000-1001 AD. He is a significant figure in Islamic art, closely associated with the adoption of the round Naskh script to transcribe the Quran.

This codex is closely related to two other Andalusian manuscripts held in Istanbul, which were written in Cordoba (1143-1144 AD) and Valencia (1182-1183 AD), suggesting a similar provenance. It features distinctive Maġribī micrography for the main text and angular chrysography for the Surah headings.

This double-page illuminated frontispiece was produced during the Safavid period, likely in Herat. The elegant naskhi script is written on a gold ground with florets identifying verse ends, and features a tiny, though illegible, signature of the illuminator hidden in the white border.