228. And divorced women shall wait (as regards their marriage) for three menstrual periods, and it is not lawful for them to conceal wluit Allah has created in their wombs, if they believe in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have the better right to take them back in that period, if they wish for reconciliation. And they (women) have rights (over their husbands as regards living expenses) similar (to those of their husbands) over them (as regards obedience and respect) to what is reasonable, but men have a degree (of responsibility) over tltetn. And Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise

This Ayah contains a command from Allah that the divorced woman, whose marriage was consummated and who still has menstruation periods, should wait for three (menstrual) periods (Quru) after the divorce and then remarry if she wishes.

The Meaning of Al-Quru’

Ibn Jarir related that ‘Alqamah said: We were with Umar bin Al-Khattab when a woman came and said, “My husband divorced me one or two periods ago. He then came back to me while I had prepared my water (for taking a bath], took off my clothes and closed my door.” ‘Umar asked ‘Abdullah bin Mas*ud, “What do you think?” He said, “I think that she is still his wife, as long as she is not allowed to resume praying (i.e., until the third period ends before he takes her back).” ‘Umar said, “This is my opinion too.” This is also the opinion of Abu Bakr As-Siddlq, Umar, Uthman, ‘Ali, Abu Ad-Darda’, ‘Ubadah bin As-Samit, Anas bin Malik, Ibn Mas “dd, Mu'adh, Ubayy bin Ka‘b, Abu Musa Al-Ash‘ari and Ibn ‘Abbas. Furthermore, this is the opinion of Said bin Musayyib, ‘Alqamah, Aswad, Ibrahim, Mujahid, ‘Ata’, Tawus, Said bin Jubayr, ‘Ikrimah, Muhammad bin Sirin, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ash-Shati, Ar-RabT, Muqatil bin Hayyan, As-Suddi, Makhul, Ad-Dahhak and ‘Ata’ Al-Khurasani. They all stated that the Quru’ is the menstruation period. What testifies to this is the Hadith that Abu Dawud and An-Nasal reported that Fatimah bint Abu Hubaiysh said that Allah’s Messenger said to her:

“Do not pray during your Aqrd' (pi. for Quru’, the menstruation period).”

If this Hadith was authentic, it would have been a clear proof that the Quru’ is the menstruation period. However, one of the narrators of this Hadith, Al-Mundhir, is an unknown person (in Hadith terminology), as Abu Hatim has stated, although Ibn Hibban has mentioned Al-Mundhir in his book Ath-Thiqat.

husband is eligible to take his divorced wife back. We should mention that (when this Ayah 2:228 was revealed), the ruling that made the divorce thrice and specified when the husband is ineligible to take his divorced wife back, had not been revealed yet. Previously, the man used to divorce his wife and then take her back even if he had divorced her a hundred separate times. Thereafter, Allah revealed the following Ayah (2:229) that made the divorce only thrice. So there was now a reversible divorce and an irreversible final divorce.

The Rights the Spouses have over Each Other

Allah said:

This Ayah indicates that the wife has certain rights on her husband, just as he has certain rights on her, and each is obliged to give the other spouse his due rights. Muslim reported that Jabir said that Allah’s Messenger said:

“Fear Allah regarding your women, for you have taken them by Allah’s covenant and were allowed to enjoy with them sexually by Allah’s Words. You have the right on them that they do not allow anyone you dislike to sit on your mat. If they do that, then discipline them leniently. They have the right to be speitt on and to be bought clothes in what is reasonable.”

Bahz bin Hakim said that Mu'awiyah bin Haydah Al-Qushayri related that his grandfather said, “O Messenger of Allah! What is the right the wife of one of us has?” The Prophet said:

“To feed her when you eat, buy her clothes when you buy for yourself and to refrain from striking her on the face, cursing her or staying away from her except in the house.”

Waki‘ related that Ibn ‘Abbas said, “I like to take care of my appearance for my wife just as I like for her to take care of her appearance for me. This is because Allah says:

{And they (women) have rights similar (to those of their husbands) over them to what is reasonable.}" This statement is reported by Ibn Jarir and Ibn Abu Hatim.

The Virtue Men have over Women

Allah said:

This Ayah indicates that men are in a more advantageous position than women physically as well as in their mannerism, status, obedience (of women to them), spending, taking care of the affairs and in general, in this life and in the Hereafter. Allah said (in another Ayah) -.

{Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has made one of them to excel the other, and because they spend (to support them) from their means.} 4:34

Allah’s statement:

means, He is Mighty in His punishment of those who disobey and defy His commands. He is Wise in what He commands, destines and legislates.