ٱقۡتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمۡ وَهُمۡ فِي غَفۡلَةٖ مُّعۡرِضُونَ
Their reckoning has drawn near to the people, while they are turning away oblivious.
مَا يَأۡتِيهِم مِّن ذِكۡرٖ مِّن رَّبِّهِم مُّحۡدَثٍ إِلَّا ٱسۡتَمَعُوهُ وَهُمۡ يَلۡعَبُونَ
No new reminder comes to them from their Lord, without their listening to it while they jest,
قَالَ رَبِّي يَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡقَوۡلَ فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ
Say: ‘My Lord knows the words (spoken) in the sky and the earth. He is the Hearing, the Knowing.’
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
قَالَ
He said
قُل
Say
Hafs uses the third-person past tense verb 'qāla' (He said), whereas the variant uses the second-person imperative verb 'qul' (Say command), which corresponds to the omission of the letter alif in the script.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
مَآ ءَامَنَتۡ قَبۡلَهُم مِّن قَرۡيَةٍ أَهۡلَكۡنَٰهَآۖ أَفَهُمۡ يُؤۡمِنُونَ
Not one town which We destroyed before them believed. Will they believe?
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
نُّوحِيٓ
We inspired
يُوح۪ىٰٓ
it is revealed
The verb changes from the first-person plural active 'nūḥī' (We inspired) in Hafs to the third-person singular passive 'yūḥā' (it is revealed) in the variant, resulting from a change in the diacritical dots (from Nun to Ya) and vowels.
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
Contradicts the Bible
وَمَا جَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ جَسَدٗا لَّا يَأۡكُلُونَ ٱلطَّعَامَ وَمَا كَانُواْ خَٰلِدِينَ
nor did We give them a body not eating food, nor were they immortal.
Contradicts the Bible
وَكَمۡ قَصَمۡنَا مِن قَرۡيَةٖ كَانَتۡ ظَالِمَةٗ وَأَنشَأۡنَا بَعۡدَهَا قَوۡمًا ءَاخَرِينَ
How many a town (which) was doing evil have We smashed, and produced another people after it!
فَلَمَّآ أَحَسُّواْ بَأۡسَنَآ إِذَا هُم مِّنۡهَا يَرۡكُضُونَ
And when they sensed Our violence, suddenly they began fleeing from it.
فَمَا زَالَت تِّلۡكَ دَعۡوَىٰهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ جَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ حَصِيدًا خَٰمِدِينَ
This cry of theirs did not stop until We cut them down (and) snuffed (them) out.
وَمَا خَلَقۡنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا لَٰعِبِينَ
We did not create the sky and the earth, and whatever is between them, in jest.
لَوۡ أَرَدۡنَآ أَن نَّتَّخِذَ لَهۡوٗا لَّٱتَّخَذۡنَٰهُ مِن لَّدُنَّآ إِن كُنَّا فَٰعِلِينَ
Contradicts the Bible
أَمِ ٱتَّخَذُوٓاْ ءَالِهَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ هُمۡ يُنشِرُونَ
Or have they taken gods from the earth? Do they raise (the dead)?
لَا يُسۡـَٔلُ عَمَّا يَفۡعَلُ وَهُمۡ يُسۡـَٔلُونَ
He will not be questioned about what He does, but they will be questioned.
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
نُوحِيٓ
We inspired
يُوح۪ىٰٓ
it is revealed
The verb changes from the first person plural active 'We inspired' (نُوحِي) to the third person singular passive 'it is revealed' (يُوحَى) through a change in the first letter's dots (Nun to Ya) and vowels.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
وَقَالُواْ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ وَلَدٗاۗ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥۚ بَلۡ عِبَادٞ مُّكۡرَمُونَ
They say, ‘The Merciful has taken a son.’ Glory to Him! No! (They are) honored servants.
Contradicts the Bible
لَا يَسۡبِقُونَهُۥ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ وَهُم بِأَمۡرِهِۦ يَعۡمَلُونَ
They do not precede Him in speech, but they act on His command.
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
Historical Error
وَجَعَلۡنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ سَقۡفٗا مَّحۡفُوظٗاۖ وَهُمۡ عَنۡ ءَايَٰتِهَا مُعۡرِضُونَ
And We have made the sky as a guarded roof. Yet they (still) turn away from its signs.
Historical Error
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلَّيۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ كُلّٞ فِي فَلَكٖ يَسۡبَحُونَ
Historical Error
وَمَا جَعَلۡنَا لِبَشَرٖ مِّن قَبۡلِكَ ٱلۡخُلۡدَۖ أَفَإِيْن مِّتَّ فَهُمُ ٱلۡخَٰلِدُونَ
We have not granted immortality to any human being before you. If you die, will they live forever?
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
تُرۡجَعُونَ
you will be returned
تَرْجِعُونَ
you return
The verb changes from the passive 'turja'ūn' (you will be returned) to the active 'tarji'ūn' (you return) due to a change in the vocalization (harakat).
Rawh, Ruways
خُلِقَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنُ مِنۡ عَجَلٖۚ سَأُوْرِيكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِي فَلَا تَسۡتَعۡجِلُونِ
The human was created out of haste. I shall show you My signs, so do not ask Me to hasten (them).
وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هَٰذَا ٱلۡوَعۡدُ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ
But they say, ‘When (will) this promise (come to pass), if you are truthful?’
قُلۡ إِنَّمَآ أُنذِرُكُم بِٱلۡوَحۡيِۚ وَلَا يَسۡمَعُ ٱلصُّمُّ ٱلدُّعَآءَ إِذَا مَا يُنذَرُونَ
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
يَسۡمَعُ ٱلصُّمُّ
the deaf do not hear
تُسۡمِعُ ٱلصُّمَّ
you cannot make the deaf hear
The verb changes from the 3rd person 'yasmaʿu' (the deaf hear) to the 2nd person 'tusmiʿu' (you make the deaf hear). Consequently, the word 'the deaf' shifts from the subject (nominative case) to the object (accusative case).
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan
ٱلَّذِينَ يَخۡشَوۡنَ رَبَّهُم بِٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَهُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّاعَةِ مُشۡفِقُونَ
who fear their Lord in the unseen, and they are apprehensive of the Hour.
وَهَٰذَا ذِكۡرٞ مُّبَارَكٌ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُۚ أَفَأَنتُمۡ لَهُۥ مُنكِرُونَ
And this is a blessed Reminder. We have sent it down. Will you reject it?
۞وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَآ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ رُشۡدَهُۥ مِن قَبۡلُ وَكُنَّا بِهِۦ عَٰلِمِينَ
Certainly We gave Abraham his right (path) before (them), (for) We knew him.
قَالَ لَقَدۡ كُنتُمۡ أَنتُمۡ وَءَابَآؤُكُمۡ فِي ضَلَٰلٖ مُّبِينٖ
He said, ‘Certainly you and your fathers were clearly astray.’
قَالُوٓاْ أَجِئۡتَنَا بِٱلۡحَقِّ أَمۡ أَنتَ مِنَ ٱللَّـٰعِبِينَ
They said, ‘Have you brought us the truth, or are you one of those who jest?’
وَتَٱللَّهِ لَأَكِيدَنَّ أَصۡنَٰمَكُم بَعۡدَ أَن تُوَلُّواْ مُدۡبِرِينَ
By God! I shall indeed plot (to destroy) your idols after you have turned away, withdrawing.’
فَجَعَلَهُمۡ جُذَٰذًا إِلَّا كَبِيرٗا لَّهُمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ إِلَيۡهِ يَرۡجِعُونَ
So he broke them into pieces, (all) except a big one they had, so that they would return to it.
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
قَالُواْ مَن فَعَلَ هَٰذَا بِـَٔالِهَتِنَآ إِنَّهُۥ لَمِنَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ
They said, ‘Who has done this with our gods? Surely he is indeed one of the evildoers.’
قَالُواْ سَمِعۡنَا فَتٗى يَذۡكُرُهُمۡ يُقَالُ لَهُۥٓ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ
They said, ‘We heard a young man mentioning them – he is called Abraham.’
قَالُواْ فَأۡتُواْ بِهِۦ عَلَىٰٓ أَعۡيُنِ ٱلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَشۡهَدُونَ
They said, ‘Bring him before the eyes of the people, so that they may bear witness.’
قَالَ بَلۡ فَعَلَهُۥ كَبِيرُهُمۡ هَٰذَا فَسۡـَٔلُوهُمۡ إِن كَانُواْ يَنطِقُونَ
He said, ‘No! This big one of them did it. Just ask them, if they are able to speak.’
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
فَرَجَعُوٓاْ إِلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِهِمۡ فَقَالُوٓاْ إِنَّكُمۡ أَنتُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ
And they turned to each other, and said, ‘Surely you – you are the evildoers.’
ثُمَّ نُكِسُواْ عَلَىٰ رُءُوسِهِمۡ لَقَدۡ عَلِمۡتَ مَا هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ يَنطِقُونَ
Then they became utterly confused: ‘Certainly you know (that) these do not speak.’
قَالَ أَفَتَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا يَنفَعُكُمۡ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَا يَضُرُّكُمۡ
He said, ‘Do you serve what does not benefit you at all, or harm you, instead of God (alone)?
أُفّٖ لَّكُمۡ وَلِمَا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِۚ أَفَلَا تَعۡقِلُونَ
Uff to you and to what you serve instead of God! Will you not understand?’
قَالُواْ حَرِّقُوهُ وَٱنصُرُوٓاْ ءَالِهَتَكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ فَٰعِلِينَ
They said, ‘Burn him, and help your gods, if you are going to do (anything).’
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
قُلۡنَا يَٰنَارُ كُونِي بَرۡدٗا وَسَلَٰمًا عَلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ
We said, ‘Fire! Be coolness and peace for Abraham!’
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
وَأَرَادُواْ بِهِۦ كَيۡدٗا فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمُ ٱلۡأَخۡسَرِينَ
They intended a plot against him, but We made them the worst losers,
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
وَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُ وَلُوطًا إِلَى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ ٱلَّتِي بَٰرَكۡنَا فِيهَا لِلۡعَٰلَمِينَ
and We rescued him, and Lot, (and brought them) to the land which We have blessed for the worlds.
وَوَهَبۡنَا لَهُۥٓ إِسۡحَٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ نَافِلَةٗۖ وَكُلّٗا جَعَلۡنَا صَٰلِحِينَ
And We granted him Isaac, and Jacob as a gift, and each (of them) We made righteous.
وَأَدۡخَلۡنَٰهُ فِي رَحۡمَتِنَآۖ إِنَّهُۥ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ
And We caused him to enter Our mercy. Surely He was one of the righteous.
وَعَلَّمۡنَٰهُ صَنۡعَةَ لَبُوسٖ لَّكُمۡ لِتُحۡصِنَكُم مِّنۢ بَأۡسِكُمۡۖ فَهَلۡ أَنتُمۡ شَٰكِرُونَ
We taught him the making of clothing to protect you from your (own) violence. Are you thankful?
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
لِتُحۡصِنَكُم
to protect you
لِنُحۡصِنَكُم
so that We may secure you
The prefix changes from 'taa' (3rd person feminine, referring to the armor/craft) to 'nun' (1st person plural, referring to Allah), shifting the subject of the protection from the armor to Allah.
Ruways, Shu'bah
لِتُحۡصِنَكُم
to protect you
لِيُحْصِنَكُم
so that He may secure you
The verb's prefix changes from a 'ta' (ت) in Hafs, making the subject third-person feminine ('it' referring to the craft/armor), to a 'ya' (ي) in the variant, making the subject third-person masculine ('He' referring to Allah).
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Susi, Warsh
Historical Error
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
ٱلرِّيحَ
the wind
ٱلرِّيَاحَ
winds
The variant changes the noun from the singular form 'wind' (ar-rīḥ) to the plural form 'winds' (ar-riyāḥ) through the addition of the letter alif, highlighting the multiplicity or various types of winds subjected to Prophet Solomon.
Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ وَإِدۡرِيسَ وَذَا ٱلۡكِفۡلِۖ كُلّٞ مِّنَ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ
And Ishmael, and Idrīs, and Dhū-l-Kifl – each one was among the patient.
وَأَدۡخَلۡنَٰهُمۡ فِي رَحۡمَتِنَآۖ إِنَّهُم مِّنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ
And We caused them to enter Our mercy. Surely they were among the righteous.
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
نَّقۡدِرَ
We had no power
يُقۡدَرَ
he would be restrained
The verb changes from the first person plural active ('We have power' or 'We restrict') to the third person singular passive ('he would be restrained'), altering both the voice and the subject of the action.
Rawh, Ruways
فَٱسۡتَجَبۡنَا لَهُۥ وَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَمِّۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُـۨجِي ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
We responded to him and rescued him from (his) distress. In this way We rescue the believers.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
نُـۨجِي
We rescue
نُجِّي
were saved
Hafs reads the verb in the active voice 'nunji' (We rescue), whereas the variant reads it in the passive voice 'nujji' (were saved), utilizing the same Uthmani skeletal text.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Shu'bah
إِنَّ هَٰذِهِۦٓ أُمَّتُكُمۡ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ وَأَنَا۠ رَبُّكُمۡ فَٱعۡبُدُونِ
‘Surely this community of yours is one community, and I am your Lord. So serve Me!’
وَتَقَطَّعُوٓاْ أَمۡرَهُم بَيۡنَهُمۡۖ كُلٌّ إِلَيۡنَا رَٰجِعُونَ
But they cut up their affair among them. (Yet) all (of them) will return to Us.
وَحَرَٰمٌ عَلَىٰ قَرۡيَةٍ أَهۡلَكۡنَٰهَآ أَنَّهُمۡ لَا يَرۡجِعُونَ
(There is) a ban on any town which We have destroyed: they shall not return
حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا فُتِحَتۡ يَأۡجُوجُ وَمَأۡجُوجُ وَهُم مِّن كُلِّ حَدَبٖ يَنسِلُونَ
until, when Yajūj and Majūj are opened, and they come swooping down from every height,
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
فُتِحَتۡ
are opened
فُتِّحَتۡ
are opened wide
The variant adds a shaddah to the letter ta (Form II verb instead of Form I), shifting the meaning from a simple opening to an intensive action, meaning 'opened wide' or 'broken open forcefully'.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Rawh, Ruways
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
لَهُمۡ فِيهَا زَفِيرٞ وَهُمۡ فِيهَا لَا يَسۡمَعُونَ
In it (there is) a moaning for them, and in it they do not hear (anything else).
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ سَبَقَتۡ لَهُم مِّنَّا ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰٓ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ عَنۡهَا مُبۡعَدُونَ
Surely those for whom the best (reward) has gone forth from Us – those will be (kept) far from it.
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active | Vowel Difference (harakat) - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
نَطۡوِي ٱلسَّمَآءَ
We shall roll up the sky
تُطۡوَى ٱلسَّمَآءُ
the heaven is folded
The verb changes from the active 1st person plural 'natwi' (We shall roll up) to the passive 3rd person feminine singular 'tutwa' (is folded) via a change in dots (Nun to Ta) and vowels. This shifts 'sky/heaven' from the accusative object to the nominative subject. (Note: The variant also changes 'lil-kutubi' [for the writings] to 'lil-kitabi' [as the scribe]).
Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
لِلۡكُتُبِ
the writings
لِلْكِتَٰبِ
a scripture
Hafs reads the word as the plural 'kutub' (writings/books), while the variant reads it as the singular 'kitāb' (scripture/book), though both share the same base Uthmanic skeletal text (rasm).
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
إِنَّ فِي هَٰذَا لَبَلَٰغٗا لِّقَوۡمٍ عَٰبِدِينَ
Surely in this (there is) a delivery indeed for a people who serve.
قُلۡ إِنَّمَا يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَآ إِلَٰهُكُمۡ إِلَٰهٞ وَٰحِدٞۖ فَهَلۡ أَنتُم مُّسۡلِمُونَ
Say: ‘I am only inspired that your God is one God. Are you going to submit?’
إِنَّهُۥ يَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡجَهۡرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِ وَيَعۡلَمُ مَا تَكۡتُمُونَ
Surely He knows what is spoken publicly and He knows what you conceal.
وَإِنۡ أَدۡرِي لَعَلَّهُۥ فِتۡنَةٞ لَّكُمۡ وَمَتَٰعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٖ
I do not know. Perhaps it is a test for you, and enjoyment (of life) for a time.’
قَٰلَ رَبِّ ٱحۡكُم بِٱلۡحَقِّۗ وَرَبُّنَا ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ ٱلۡمُسۡتَعَانُ عَلَىٰ مَا تَصِفُونَ
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Change of Person
قَٰلَ
Say (He said)
قُل
Say (sg.)
Hafs uses the third-person past tense 'qāla' (He said), whereas the variant uses the second-person singular imperative 'qul' (Say!).
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh