The sequential description in 23:14—where bones form first and are subsequently 'clothed' with flesh—reflects a common understanding from antiquity but does not align with modern embryology. Scientifically, muscles and the cartilage 'models' of future bones actually begin to form simultaneously in the mesoderm layer, with muscles developing strictly before the cartilage fully ossifies into bone. Furthermore, the Quranic sequence deeply parallels the previously circulated 2nd-century AD medical writings of the Greek physician Galen, representing the standard Mediterranean medical knowledge of Late Antiquity that early Muslims inherited, rather than a novel scientific revelation.