فِيٓ أَدۡنَى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَهُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ غَلَبِهِمۡ سَيَغۡلِبُونَ
in the nearest (part) of the land, but after their conquering, they will conquer
فِي بِضۡعِ سِنِينَۗ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ مِن قَبۡلُ وَمِنۢ بَعۡدُۚ وَيَوۡمَئِذٖ يَفۡرَحُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ
بِنَصۡرِ ٱللَّهِۚ يَنصُرُ مَن يَشَآءُۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ
over the help of God. He helps whomever He pleases. He is the Mighty, the Compassionate.
وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِۖ لَا يُخۡلِفُ ٱللَّهُ وَعۡدَهُۥ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ
The promise of God! God will not break His promise, but most of the people do not know (it).
يَعۡلَمُونَ ظَٰهِرٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَهُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ هُمۡ غَٰفِلُونَ
They perceive (only) what is obvious in this present life, but they are oblivious of the Hereafter.
ٱللَّهُ يَبۡدَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَلۡقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُۥ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ
God brings about the creation, then restores it, (and) then to Him you will be returned.
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person | Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
تُرۡجَعُونَ
you will be returned
يُرۡجَعُونَ
they are returned
The prefix changes from a ta' with two dots above to a ya' with two dots below, shifting the subject from second person plural ('you') to third person plural ('they').
Duri Abu 'Amr, Shu'bah, Susi
تُرۡجَعُونَ
you will be returned
يُرۡجَعُونَ
they return
The prefix of the verb changes from ta' (two dots above, indicating second person 'you') to ya' (two dots below, indicating third person 'they').
Rawh
تُرۡجَعُونَ
you will be returned
تَرْجِعُونَ
youpl return
The verb changes from the passive voice in Hafs ('you will be returned') to the active voice in the variant ('you return') via a change in voweling.
Ruways
وَيَوۡمَ تَقُومُ ٱلسَّاعَةُ يَوۡمَئِذٖ يَتَفَرَّقُونَ
On the Day when the Hour strikes, on that Day they will be separated.
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ فَهُمۡ فِي رَوۡضَةٖ يُحۡبَرُونَ
As for those who have believed and done righteous deeds, they will be made happy in a meadow.
فَسُبۡحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ حِينَ تُمۡسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصۡبِحُونَ
So glory to God, when you come to evening and when you come to morning.
وَلَهُ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَعَشِيّٗا وَحِينَ تُظۡهِرُونَ
Praise (be) to Him in the heavens and the earth – and at night and when you appear (in the day)!
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
تُخۡرَجُونَ
will be brought forth
تَخۡرُجُونَ
come out
The Hafs reading uses the passive verb (tukhrajūna) meaning 'you will be brought forth', while the variant reading uses the active verb (takhrujūna) meaning 'you come out'.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
لِّلۡعَٰلِمِينَ
for those who know
لِّلْعَٰلَمِينَ
for (people of) all realms
The vowel on the letter lam changes from a kasrah in Hafs ('ālimīn, meaning 'those who know') to a fathah in the variant ('ālamīn, meaning 'the worlds' or 'all realms').
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
وَيُنَزِّلُ
and He sends down
وَيُنزِلُ
and He sends down
Hafs uses the Form II verb (yunazzilu) which carries a connotation of sending down gradually or repeatedly. The variant uses the Form IV verb (yunzilu) which refers to the general act of sending down all at once.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
وَلَهُۥ مَن فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ كُلّٞ لَّهُۥ قَٰنِتُونَ
To Him (belongs) whoever is in the heavens and the earth: all are obedient before Him.
Sanctions Slavery & Concubinage
Theological Defect
Contradicts the Bible
مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ فَرَّقُواْ دِينَهُمۡ وَكَانُواْ شِيَعٗاۖ كُلُّ حِزۡبِۭ بِمَا لَدَيۡهِمۡ فَرِحُونَ
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
فَرَّقُواْ
have divided up
فَارَقُواْ
have separated from
The addition of the letter Alif changes the verb from Form II 'farraqoo' (to divide/split up) to Form III 'faaraqoo' (to separate/depart from).
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, Khallad
لِيَكۡفُرُواْ بِمَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡۚ فَتَمَتَّعُواْ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ
Let them be ungrateful for what We have given them: ‘Enjoy (yourselves)! Soon you will know!’
Theological Defect
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Change Meaning (general semantic shift) | Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
ءَاتَيۡتُم
you give
أَتَيۡتُمُۥ
you have come up with
The Hafs reading uses Form IV ('ātaytum) meaning 'you give', whereas the variant uses Form I ('ataytum) meaning 'you have come up with' or 'you have done', changing the vowel length of the initial hamza.
Bazzi, Qunbul
لِّيَرۡبُوَاْ
that it may increase
لِّتُرْبُواْ
to increase it
The prefix changes from 'ya' (3rd person singular, referring to the wealth increasing) to 'tu' (2nd person plural, referring to you increasing it), changing both the subject of the verb and its form.
Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
يُشۡرِكُونَ
they associate
تُشۡرِكُونَ
youpl associate
The prefix changes from 'ya' (third person 'they') to 'ta' (second person 'you'), shifting the address from a descriptive statement about the polytheists to a direct address.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
لِيُذِيقَهُم
He may give them a taste
لِنُذِيقَهُمُۥ
We may make them taste
The verbal prefix changes from 'ya' (third person singular, 'He') to 'nun' (first person plural majestic, 'We'), altering the subject of the verb.
Qunbul, Rawh
Incites Violence & Intolerance
Contradicts the Bible
Contradicts the Bible
Incites Violence & Intolerance
Theological Defect
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular | Vowel Difference (harakat) - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
ٱلرِّيَٰحَ
the winds
ٱلرِّيحَ
wind
The word is recited in the plural form (ar-riyāḥ) in Hafs and in the singular form (ar-rīḥ) in the variant.
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul
كِسَفٗا
into fragments
كِسۡفٗا
into fragments
Hafs reads with a fatha on the seen (kisafan) as a plural noun, whereas the variant reads with a sukoon (kisfan) as a singular or collective noun indicating a piece or mass.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
وَإِن كَانُواْ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيۡهِم مِّن قَبۡلِهِۦ لَمُبۡلِسِينَ
though before (this), before it was sent down on them, they were in despair.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
يُنَزَّلَ
was sent down
يُنزَلَ
was sent down
The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb 'yunazzala', which implies gradual or repeated sending down. The variant uses the Form IV verb 'yunzala', which indicates sending down in a single or general sense.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
ءَاثَٰرِ
traces
أَثَرِ
effect
The Hafs recitation uses the plural 'ءَاثَٰرِ' (traces), while the variant recitation uses the singular 'أَثَرِ' (effect).
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
فَإِنَّكَ لَا تُسۡمِعُ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ وَلَا تُسۡمِعُ ٱلصُّمَّ ٱلدُّعَآءَ إِذَا وَلَّوۡاْ مُدۡبِرِينَ
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Grammatical Case Change
تُسۡمِعُ ٱلصُّمَّ
you make the deaf to hear
يَسۡمَعُ ٱلصُّمُّ
the deaf hear
The verb changes from second person causative (you make hear) to third person (the deaf hear) by changing 'ta' to 'ya', which correspondingly changes the noun 'the deaf' from the accusative object to the nominative subject.
Bazzi, Qunbul
Theological Defect
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Different Word entirely
بِهَٰدِ
guide
تَهْدِي
do yousg guide
The Hafs reading uses the active participle with a preposition (بِهَٰدِ, 'a guide'), while the variant reads it as a second-person imperfect verb (تَهْدِي, 'you guide').
Khalaf, Khallad
Theological Defect
كَذَٰلِكَ يَطۡبَعُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ
In this way God sets a seal on the hearts of those who do not know.