رَّبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا وَرَبُّ ٱلۡمَشَٰرِقِ
Lord of the heavens and the earth, and of whatever is between them, and Lord of the Easts.
إِنَّا زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِزِينَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ
Surely We have made the sky of this world appear enticing by means of the splendor of the stars,
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change
بِزِينَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ
splendor of the stars
بِزِينَةِ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ
adorning the planets
Hafs reads 'zīnah' with tanween (nunation), making 'the stars' an apposition (badal). The variant reads it without tanween as a construct state (idafah), treating 'zīnah' as a verbal noun meaning 'adorning' with 'the planets' as its object.
Shu'bah
بِزِينَةٍ
splendor
بِزِينَةِ
adornment
Hafs reads 'bizīnatin' with tanween, treating the following noun as an apposition (badal). The variant reads 'bizīnati' with a single kasrah, forming a direct genitive construct (idafah) meaning 'adornment of'.
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh
Historical Error
وَحِفۡظٗا مِّن كُلِّ شَيۡطَٰنٖ مَّارِدٖ
and (We have made them) a (means of) protection from every rebelling satan.
Historical Error
لَّا يَسَّمَّعُونَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَلَإِ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰ وَيُقۡذَفُونَ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبٖ
They do not listen to the exalted Assembly,
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
يَسَّمَّعُونَ
listen
يَسْمَعُونَ
hear
The Hafs reading uses an assimilated Form V verb indicating intentional effort ('listen'), while the variant uses a Form I verb indicating general perception ('hear').
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
دُحُورٗاۖ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ وَاصِبٌ
but they are pelted from every side, driven off – for them (there is) punishment forever –
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
إِلَّا مَنۡ خَطِفَ ٱلۡخَطۡفَةَ فَأَتۡبَعَهُۥ شِهَابٞ ثَاقِبٞ
except for the one who snatches a word, and then a piercing flame pursues him.
Historical Error
Historical Error
But you are amazed when they ridicule,
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change of Person
عَجِبۡتَ
you are amazed
عَجِبۡتُ
I gravely noted
The vowel on the letter Ta changes from a fatha to a damma, shifting the subject from second-person singular (you) to first-person singular (I).
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
Competing Codex
Sahih al-Bukhari 4692
بَلْ عَجِبْتَ وَيَسْخَرُونَ
Bal 'ajibta wa yaskharun (Nay, you marveled and they mock)
حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ هَيْتَ لَكَ قَالَ وَإِنَّمَا نَقْرَؤُهَا كَمَا عُلِّمْنَاهَا {مَثْوَاهُ} مُقَامُهُ {أَلْفَيَا} وَجَدَا {أَلْفَوْا آبَاءَهُمْ} {أَلْفَيْنَا} وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ {بَلْ عَجِبْتَ وَيَسْخَرُونَ}
Narrated Abu Wail: `Abdullah bin Mas`ud recited "Haita laka (Come you)," and added, "We recite it as we were taught it[omitted from the english translation: {mathwahu} means his staying place, {alfaya} means they both found, and instead of {alfaw aba'ahum} (they found their fathers) we recite {alfayna} (we found). And from Ibn Mas'ud: {bal 'ajibta wa yaskharun} (Nay, you marveled and they mock).]
أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابٗا وَعِظَٰمًا أَءِنَّا لَمَبۡعُوثُونَ
When we are dead, and turned to dust and bones, shall we indeed be raised up?
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Addition / Omission of Word | Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
أَءِنَّا
shall we indeed
اِنَّا
we will really
The variant omits the interrogative hamza (question particle), changing the phrase from a repeated question to an emphatic declarative statement within the overall interrogative sentence.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh
مِتۡنَا
are dead
مُتۡنَا
have died
The vowel change on the meem from kasra (mitna) to damma (mutna) subtly shifts the morphological nuance from a state of being dead to the perfect action of having died.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan
أَوَءَابَآؤُنَا ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ
And our fathers of old (too)?’
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
أَوَ
And
أَوْ
Or
The change from a fatha to a sukoon on the letter waw changes the meaning from 'awa' (interrogative 'a' + 'wa' meaning 'and') to 'aw' (meaning 'or').
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun
فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ زَجۡرَةٞ وَٰحِدَةٞ فَإِذَا هُمۡ يَنظُرُونَ
(For) it will only be a single shout, and suddenly they will see,
۞ٱحۡشُرُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ وَأَزۡوَٰجَهُمۡ وَمَا كَانُواْ يَعۡبُدُونَ
Gather those who have done evil, and their wives, and what they used to serve,
وَأَقۡبَلَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ
Some of them will approach others asking each other questions.
قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّكُمۡ كُنتُمۡ تَأۡتُونَنَا عَنِ ٱلۡيَمِينِ
They will say, ‘Surely you used to come to us from the right (side).’
وَمَا كَانَ لَنَا عَلَيۡكُم مِّن سُلۡطَٰنِۭۖ بَلۡ كُنتُمۡ قَوۡمٗا طَٰغِينَ
We had no authority over you. No! You were a people who transgressed insolently.
فَحَقَّ عَلَيۡنَا قَوۡلُ رَبِّنَآۖ إِنَّا لَذَآئِقُونَ
So the word of our Lord has proved true against us. Surely we are indeed tasting (it).
إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُوٓاْ إِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمۡ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ يَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ
Surely they – when it was said to them, ‘(There is) no god but God,’ they became arrogant,
وَيَقُولُونَ أَئِنَّا لَتَارِكُوٓاْ ءَالِهَتِنَا لِشَاعِرٖ مَّجۡنُونِۭ
and said, ‘Are we to abandon our gods for a possessed poet?’
وَمَا تُجۡزَوۡنَ إِلَّا مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ
and you will not be repaid (for anything) except what you have done.’
إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
– Except for the devoted servants of God.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
devoted
ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ
sincere
The vowel on the letter lam changes from a fatha (passive participle, meaning 'chosen' or 'devoted') to a kasra (active participle, meaning 'sincere' or 'purifying').
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
يُطَافُ عَلَيۡهِم بِكَأۡسٖ مِّن مَّعِينِۭ
(and) a cup from a flowing spring will be passed around among them –
لَا فِيهَا غَوۡلٞ وَلَا هُمۡ عَنۡهَا يُنزَفُونَ
(there is) no ill effect in it, nor do they become drunk from it.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
يُنزَفُونَ
become drunk
يُنزِفُونَ
drain (themselves)
The verb changes from passive in Hafs (yunzafūn) to active in the variant (yunzifūn) due to a change in the vowel on the letter Zay.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
وَعِندَهُمۡ قَٰصِرَٰتُ ٱلطَّرۡفِ عِينٞ
With them (there will be maidens) restraining (their) glances, wide-eyed,
Devalues Women
كَأَنَّهُنَّ بَيۡضٞ مَّكۡنُونٞ
Devalues Women
فَأَقۡبَلَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ
Some of them will approach others asking each other questions.
أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابٗا وَعِظَٰمًا أَءِنَّا لَمَدِينُونَ
When we are dead, and turned to dust and bones, shall we indeed be judged?”’
Extra Word - Addition / Omission of Word | Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
أَءِنَّا
shall we indeed
اِنَّا
we will really
Hafs includes the interrogative hamzah (particle of questioning), making it a question. The Variant omits it, rendering the phrase as an affirmative statement.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh
مِتۡنَا
are dead
مُتۡنَا
have died
The vowel on the meem changes from kasrah in Hafs (translated as the state of being dead) to dammah in the variant (translated as the action of having died).
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
فَٱطَّلَعَ فَرَءَاهُ فِي سَوَآءِ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ
So he looks (down) and sees him in the midst of the Furnace.
إِنَّهَا شَجَرَةٞ تَخۡرُجُ فِيٓ أَصۡلِ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ
It is a tree which comes forth from the root of the Furnace.
إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
– except for the devoted servants of God.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
the devoted
ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ
sincere
The Hafs reading uses a fatha on the lam, making it a passive participle ('the chosen/purified'). The variant uses a kasra on the lam, making it an active participle ('the sincere').
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
وَلَقَدۡ نَادَىٰنَا نُوحٞ فَلَنِعۡمَ ٱلۡمُجِيبُونَ
Certainly Noah called on Us, and excellent indeed were the responders!
وَتَرَكۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرِينَ
We left (this blessing) upon him among the later (generations):
إِذۡ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوۡمِهِۦ مَاذَا تَعۡبُدُونَ
when he said to his father and his people, ‘What do you serve?
فَرَاغَ إِلَىٰٓ ءَالِهَتِهِمۡ فَقَالَ أَلَا تَأۡكُلُونَ
But he turned to their gods, and said, ‘Do you not eat?
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
What is (the matter) with you (that) you do not speak?’
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
فَرَاغَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ضَرۡبَۢا بِٱلۡيَمِينِ
So he turned on them, striking (them) with the right (hand).
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
فَأَقۡبَلُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِ يَزِفُّونَ
Then they came running to him.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
يَزِفُّونَ
running
يُزِفُّونَ
urging (each other) to dash
The prefix vowel changes from a fatha in Hafs (yaziffūn, Form I, meaning 'running') to a damma in the variant (yuziffūn, Form IV), shifting the meaning to 'causing to run' or 'urging to dash'.
Khalaf, Khallad
قَالَ أَتَعۡبُدُونَ مَا تَنۡحِتُونَ
He said, ‘Do you serve what you carve,
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
قَالُواْ ٱبۡنُواْ لَهُۥ بُنۡيَٰنٗا فَأَلۡقُوهُ فِي ٱلۡجَحِيمِ
They said, ‘Build a building for him, and cast him into the blazing (Fire)!’
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
فَأَرَادُواْ بِهِۦ كَيۡدٗا فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمُ ٱلۡأَسۡفَلِينَ
They intended a plot against him, but We brought them down.
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
تَرَىٰ
do you think
تُرِي
would you show
The change in vowels shifts the verb from Form I 'tarā' (to see/think) to Form IV 'turī' (to show/point out), slightly altering the semantic focus of the question.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad
Contradicts the Bible
فَلَمَّآ أَسۡلَمَا وَتَلَّهُۥ لِلۡجَبِينِ
When they both had submitted, and he had laid him face down,
Contradicts the Bible
وَنَٰدَيۡنَٰهُ أَن يَـٰٓإِبۡرَٰهِيمُ
We called out to him, ‘Abraham!
Contradicts the Bible
قَدۡ صَدَّقۡتَ ٱلرُّءۡيَآۚ إِنَّا كَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ
Now you have confirmed the vision. Surely in this way We repay the doers of good.
Contradicts the Bible
إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَهُوَ ٱلۡبَلَـٰٓؤُاْ ٱلۡمُبِينُ
Surely this – it indeed was the clear test.’
Contradicts the Bible
وَفَدَيۡنَٰهُ بِذِبۡحٍ عَظِيمٖ
And We ransomed him with a great sacrifice,
Contradicts the Bible
وَتَرَكۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرِينَ
and left (this blessing) on him among the later (generations):
وَبَشَّرۡنَٰهُ بِإِسۡحَٰقَ نَبِيّٗا مِّنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ
And We gave him the good news of Isaac, a prophet, one of the righteous.
Contradicts the Bible
Contradicts the Bible
وَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُمَا وَقَوۡمَهُمَا مِنَ ٱلۡكَرۡبِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ
and We rescued them and their people from the great distress.
وَتَرَكۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمَا فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرِينَ
and left (this blessing) on both of them among the later (generations):
إِذۡ قَالَ لِقَوۡمِهِۦٓ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ
When he said to his people, ‘Will you not guard (yourselves)?
أَتَدۡعُونَ بَعۡلٗا وَتَذَرُونَ أَحۡسَنَ ٱلۡخَٰلِقِينَ
Do you call on Baal, and abandon the best of creators
Theological Defect
ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمۡ وَرَبَّ ءَابَآئِكُمُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ
– God – your Lord and the Lord of your fathers of old?’
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change
ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمۡ وَرَبَّ
God – your Lord and the Lord
ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ وَرَبُّ
Allah is your Lord and the Lord
Hafs reads the words in the accusative case (mansub) as an apposition to the preceding verse, while the variant reads them in the nominative case (marfu') forming a new independent declarative sentence.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hafs, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways
فَكَذَّبُوهُ فَإِنَّهُمۡ لَمُحۡضَرُونَ
Yet they called him a liar. Surely they will indeed be brought forward (to the punishment)
إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
– except for the devoted servants of God.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
devoted
ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ
sincere
The Hafs reading uses the passive participle with a fatha on the lam (al-mukhlaṣīn), meaning 'those who are purified or devoted'. The variant uses the active participle with a kasra on the lam (al-mukhliṣīn), meaning 'those who are sincere'.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
وَتَرَكۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرِينَ
And We left (this blessing) on him among the later (generations):
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Different Word entirely
إِلۡ يَاسِينَ
Elijah
ءَالِ يَاسِينَ
Elijah’s folk
Hafs reads the text as a single proper noun 'Il Yasin' (Elijah) with a kasra on the hamza and sukoon on the lam. The variant reads it as two separate words, 'Aal Yasin' (the family/folk of Yasin), by placing a long vowel (madd) on the hamza and a kasra on the lam.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh
لَلَبِثَ فِي بَطۡنِهِۦٓ إِلَىٰ يَوۡمِ يُبۡعَثُونَ
he would indeed have remained in its belly until the Day when they are raised up.
Theological Defect
۞فَنَبَذۡنَٰهُ بِٱلۡعَرَآءِ وَهُوَ سَقِيمٞ
But We tossed him on the desert (shore) while he was (still) sick,
فَـَٔامَنُواْ فَمَتَّعۡنَٰهُمۡ إِلَىٰ حِينٖ
and they believed. So We gave them enjoyment (of life) for a time.
فَٱسۡتَفۡتِهِمۡ أَلِرَبِّكَ ٱلۡبَنَاتُ وَلَهُمُ ٱلۡبَنُونَ
Ask them for a pronouncement: ‘Does your Lord have daughters while they have sons?
أَمۡ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةَ إِنَٰثٗا وَهُمۡ شَٰهِدُونَ
Or did We create the angels female while they were witnesses?’
وَلَدَ ٱللَّهُ وَإِنَّهُمۡ لَكَٰذِبُونَ
‘God has begotten’? Surely they are liars indeed!
Contradicts the Bible
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
تَذَكَّرُونَ
take heed
تَذَّكَّرُونَ
constantly remember
The variant adds a shadda (tashdeed) to the letter dhal, indicating the assimilation of an original 'ta' prefix (from tatadhakkarūna). This morphological intensification shifts the meaning from simply taking heed to an intensified, continuous act of remembering.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh
إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
except for the devoted servants of God.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ
devoted
ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ
sincere
The vowel on the letter lām changes from a fatḥah in Hafs to a kasrah in the variant. This shifts the grammatical form from a passive participle (al-mukhlaṣīn: those chosen or purified) to an active participle (al-mukhliṣīn: those who are sincere and purify their faith).
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
مَآ أَنتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ بِفَٰتِنِينَ
you will not tempt (anyone to rebellion) against Him,
Theological Defect
إِلَّا مَنۡ هُوَ صَالِ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ
except for the one who is (destined) to burn in the Furnace.
Theological Defect
وَمَامِنَّآ إِلَّا لَهُۥ مَقَامٞ مَّعۡلُومٞ
(There is) not one of us who does not have an assigned position.
وَلَقَدۡ سَبَقَتۡ كَلِمَتُنَا لِعِبَادِنَا ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِينَ
Certainly Our word has (already) gone forth to Our servants, the envoys.