تَنزِيلُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلۡحَكِيمِ
The sending down of the Book is from God, the Mighty, the Wise.
Contradicts the Bible
Contradicts the Bible
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
لِّيُضِلَّ
to lead astray
لِّيَضِلَّ
to stray
The verb changes from Form IV with a damma on the ya (li-yudilla, meaning 'to lead others astray') to Form I with a fatha on the ya (li-yadilla, meaning 'to stray oneself').
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
أَمَّنۡ
Or is he who
أَمَنْ
What about one who
Hafs reads with a shaddah on the meem (amman, combining 'am' and 'man'), meaning 'Or is he who'. The variant reads without a shaddah (a-man, combining the interrogative 'a' and 'man'), meaning 'Is he who' or 'What about one who'.
Bazzi, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh
قُلۡ إِنِّيٓ أُمِرۡتُ أَنۡ أَعۡبُدَ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصٗا لَّهُ ٱلدِّينَ
Say: ‘I have been commanded to serve God, devoting (my) religion to Him,
وَأُمِرۡتُ لِأَنۡ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ
and I have been commanded to be the first of those who submit.’
قُلۡ إِنِّيٓ أَخَافُ إِنۡ عَصَيۡتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوۡمٍ عَظِيمٖ
Say: ‘Surely I fear, if I disobey my Lord, the punishment of a great Day.’
Theological Defect
قُرۡءَانًا عَرَبِيًّا غَيۡرَ ذِي عِوَجٖ لَّعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُونَ
– an Arabic Qur’ān, without any crookedness, so that they may guard (themselves).
Sanctions Slavery & Concubinage
ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمۡ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ عِندَ رَبِّكُمۡ تَخۡتَصِمُونَ
and surely on the Day of Resurrection you will dispute in the presence of your Lord.
وَٱلَّذِي جَآءَ بِٱلصِّدۡقِ وَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦٓ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُتَّقُونَ
But the one who brings the truth and confirms it, those – they are the ones who guard (themselves).
لَهُم مَّا يَشَآءُونَ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ ٱلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ
They will have whatever they please with their Lord. That is the payment of the doers of good
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
عَبۡدَهُۥ
His servant
عِبَادَهُ
His servants
The word changes from the singular 'servant' ('abdahu) to the plural 'servants' ('ibadahu), expanding the meaning from referring specifically to the Prophet to encompassing all true servants of Allah.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq
Theological Defect
وَمَن يَهۡدِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن مُّضِلٍّۗ أَلَيۡسَ ٱللَّهُ بِعَزِيزٖ ذِي ٱنتِقَامٖ
but whoever God guides – no one (will) lead him astray. Is God not mighty, a taker of vengeance?
قُلۡ يَٰقَوۡمِ ٱعۡمَلُواْ عَلَىٰ مَكَانَتِكُمۡ إِنِّي عَٰمِلٞۖ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ
Say: ‘My people! Do as you are able. Surely I am going to do (what I can). Soon you will know
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
مَكَانَتِكُمۡ
able
مَكَانَاتِكُمۡ
positions
The variant adds an Alif (often represented as a dagger Alif in the Uthmani script), changing the word from the singular 'makanatikum' (your position/ability, translated here as 'able') to the plural 'makanaatikum' (your positions).
Shu'bah
مَن يَأۡتِيهِ عَذَابٞ يُخۡزِيهِ وَيَحِلُّ عَلَيۡهِ عَذَابٞ مُّقِيمٌ
on whom punishment will come, disgracing him. On him a lasting punishment will descend.’
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
قَضَىٰ
He has decreed
قُضِيَ
has been decreed
The verb changes from the active 'qada' (He decreed) to the passive 'qudiya' (was decreed). Consequently, in the Arabic text, 'death' (al-mawt) changes from the accusative object to the nominative subject of the passive verb.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
تُرۡجَعُونَ
you will be returned
تَرۡجِعُونَ
you return
The verb changes from the passive voice 'turjaʿūna' (you will be returned) to the active voice 'tarjiʿūna' (you return) through a change in the diacritical vowels.
Rawh, Ruways
قَدۡ قَالَهَا ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ فَمَآ أَغۡنَىٰ عَنۡهُم مَّا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ
Those who were before them said it (too), but what they earned was of no use to them,
Contradicts the Bible
Theological Defect
أَوۡ تَقُولَ لَوۡ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ هَدَىٰنِي لَكُنتُ مِنَ ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ
Or say, ‘If only God had guided me, I would indeed have been one of those who guard (themselves)!’
Promotes Division & Discrimination
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
بِمَفَازَتِهِمۡ
in their (place of) safety
بِمَفَازَاتِهِمۡ
to their place of triumph
The variant (read by Hamzah, Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, and Shu'bah) adds an alif to read the noun in the plural form 'mafāzāt' (places of triumph/safety), whereas Hafs reads it in the singular form 'mafāzah'.
Rawh
بِمَفَازَتِهِمۡ
their (place of) safety
بِمَفَازَاتِهِمۡ
their places of triumph
The Hafs reading uses the singular noun 'mafāzatihim' (place of safety/triumph), whereas the variant reading adds an Alif to make it the plural noun 'mafāzātihim' (places of triumph).
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Shu'bah
ٱللَّهُ خَٰلِقُ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖۖ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ وَكِيلٞ
God is the Creator of everything. He is guardian over everything.
قُلۡ أَفَغَيۡرَ ٱللَّهِ تَأۡمُرُوٓنِّيٓ أَعۡبُدُ أَيُّهَا ٱلۡجَٰهِلُونَ
Say: ‘Do you command me to serve (anyone) other than God, you ignorant ones?’
وَوُفِّيَتۡ كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ مَّا عَمِلَتۡ وَهُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يَفۡعَلُونَ
Each one will be paid in full for what he has done, (for) He knows what they do.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
فُتِحَتۡ
opened
فُتِّحَتَ
opened wide
The variant reads with a shadda on the letter ta' (Form II), which conveys an intensive or extensive action ('opened wide' or 'flung open'). Hafs reads without the shadda (Form I), indicating a simple opening.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
وَفُتِحَتۡ
opened
وَفُتِّحَتَ
opened wide
The variant adds a shadda to the letter ta', changing the verb to Form II, which intensifies the action from 'opened' to 'opened wide'.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh