Surah 4:12
"And to you a half of what your wives leave, if they have no children. But if they have children, then to you the fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they may have made or any debt (has been paid). And to them the fourth of what you leave, if you have no children. But if you have children, then to them the eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you may have made or any debt (has been paid). If a man or a woman has no direct heir, but has a brother or a sister, then to each of them the sixth. But if they are more (numerous) than that, then they share in the third, after any bequest he may have made or any debt (has been paid), without prejudice (to anyone). (This is) a directive from God. God is knowing, forbearing."
Mathematical Error in Hereditary Laws
The Qur'an prescribes specific fractions of an estate to be given to various heirs (e.g., daughters, parents, spouses). However, in certain family scenarios, the mandated fractions sum to more than 1 (or 100%), resulting in a mathematical impossibility. For example, if a man dies leaving a wife, three daughters, and two parents, the wife gets 1/8, daughters get 2/3, and parents get 1/6 each (totaling 1/3). 1/8 + 2/3 + 1/3 = 27/24, which is greater than the total estate.