This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

Considered by Gotthelf Bergsträßer to be the most important representative of the ḥiǧāzī script style due to its extensive size. It features a bold hand with tall, right-leaning hastae that sets it apart from more conventional early Kufic Qurans. Two folios from this same codex are currently preserved at the Dār al-Āṯār al-Islāmiyya in Kuwait.

Considered by Gotthelf Bergsträßer to be the most important representative of the ḥiǧāzī script style due to its extensive size. It features a bold hand with tall, right-leaning hastae that sets it apart from more conventional early Kufic Qurans. Two folios from this same codex are currently preserved at the Dār al-Āṯār al-Islāmiyya in Kuwait.

This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.

This manuscript features an unusual version of the Hijazi script and contains illumination of horizontal chevron bands between Surahs. It belongs to a larger dispersed codex that includes manuscripts MS.68, MS.69, MS.70, and MS.699 in the Museum of Islamic Art (Doha), as well as a fragment in a private collection.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

This manuscript is part of 'Codex Amrensis 1', a composite codex reconstructed from fragments scattered across libraries in Paris, St. Petersburg, Doha, and London. It was originally kept in the historic Mosque of 'Amr ibn al-'As in Fustat, making it an important artifact of early Islamic presence in Egypt.

This manuscript is part of 'Codex Amrensis 1', a composite codex reconstructed from fragments scattered across libraries in Paris, St. Petersburg, Doha, and London. It was originally kept in the historic Mosque of 'Amr ibn al-'As in Fustat, making it an important artifact of early Islamic presence in Egypt.

This codex is known primarily through photographs in the Gotthelf Bergsträßer archive, taken in the early 1930s. Although the original manuscript is no longer identifiable in the current museum catalogue, these rare photographs survived World War II and provide a crucial record of this early text.

This almost complete codex is notable for being written by at least six different scribes in Kufic script. Originally documented in Gotthelf Bergsträßer's archives as 'Medina 1a', its folios were later repaired with paper edges, and a few missing pages were completed in Naskh script.

The physical manuscript is currently lost and its origin is unknown; it survives today only through six photographs published in Bernhard Moritz's monumental 1905 album 'Arabic Palaeography'.

The physical manuscript is currently lost and its origin is unknown; it survives today only through six photographs published in Bernhard Moritz's monumental 1905 album 'Arabic Palaeography'.

The physical manuscript is currently lost and its origin is unknown; it survives today only through six photographs published in Bernhard Moritz's monumental 1905 album 'Arabic Palaeography'.

This codex fragment was documented in Bernhard Moritz's 1905 'Arabic Palaeography' album and was reportedly discovered in the ancient Egyptian city of Bahnasa (Oxyrynchos). Scholars suggest it may originally belong to the same large codex as other early Quranic fragments currently held in the Vatican, Paris, and the Khalili Collections.

This early Kufic fragment, part of the Wetzstein collection acquired in Damascus, is notable for its sparse and inconsistent use of diacritical marks, reflecting an early stage of Arabic orthography.

This early Kufic fragment, part of the Wetzstein collection acquired in Damascus, is notable for its sparse and inconsistent use of diacritical marks, reflecting an early stage of Arabic orthography.

This nearly complete 8th-century Quranic manuscript is notable for its extensive preservation, containing text from the very beginning of the Quran to its final Surah. Curiously, folio 134 has been reported missing from the French National Library since approximately 2000, and no microfilm image of it survives.

This manuscript features elaborate verse separators, using groups of oblique strokes for individual verses, black ink alifs for groups of five, and red circles for groups of ten. The spaces between surahs are decorated with ornamental bands displaying the surah titles and verse counts in red ink. Diacritics are indicated by rare oblique strokes, while vocalization is marked with red dots.

This manuscript features elaborate verse separators, using groups of oblique strokes for individual verses, black ink alifs for groups of five, and red circles for groups of ten. The spaces between surahs are decorated with ornamental bands displaying the surah titles and verse counts in red ink. Diacritics are indicated by rare oblique strokes, while vocalization is marked with red dots.

This manuscript is a highly prized copy traditionally ascribed to the penmanship of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph. It features modern gold and colored borders on the paper margins.

This manuscript is a highly prized copy traditionally ascribed to the penmanship of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph. It features modern gold and colored borders on the paper margins.

This extensive 8th-century manuscript is well-known today through a collection of 471 photographs taken by Gotthelf Bergsträßer around 1930, preserving its contents in his archive.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This manuscript features a forged colophon claiming it was copied in 798 AD by order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. An old legend also suggested it was a diplomatic gift sent to Charlemagne, though scholars have proven both the attribution and the legend to be false.

This manuscript, comprising 213 parchment folios, contains the entire second half of the Quran starting from Surah Maryam (19). It was documented by Wilhelm Ahlwardt in his 1887 catalogue of Arabic manuscripts at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin and is notable for its robust Early Kufic script (D.Vb) with characteristic letterforms, such as the initial and medial 'kāf' often resembling 'dāl'.

This single-folio manuscript fragment separates verses in groups of about five using gold dots, and marks every ten verses with a larger decorated circle. Headings in gold lettering are used exclusively for chapter titles and verse numbers.

This fragmentary manuscript is written in the C.III style of Kufic script and features distinctive ten-verse markers consisting of four dots (two red and two green) inside a yellow circle. It also contains explicit surah headings added in red ink.

The manuscript uses decorative medallions and bands to mark every ten verses, rather than separating individual verses. A marginal note in cursive script reveals it was once owned by Aḥmad Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Huwaydī, with later readers adding pious notes in the margins.

This manuscript features distinctive illumination, including a golden Kufic 'hā'' to mark groups of five verses and golden ink for Surah titles and verse counts. It also contains an elaborate tree-like vignette on folio 74r to indicate the beginning of the 19th Juz'.

This manuscript features distinctive illumination, including a golden Kufic 'hā'' to mark groups of five verses and golden ink for Surah titles and verse counts. It also contains an elaborate tree-like vignette on folio 74r to indicate the beginning of the 19th Juz'.

This early Quranic fragment is notable for its illuminated Surah titles, where the title and verse counts are written with words in alternating red and green ink. The manuscript also employs rare oblique strokes for diacritical marks and red dots for vocalization, alongside red Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to mark groups of five verses.

Originating from the collection of A. Renaud, this fragment exhibits Early Abbasid 'Kufic B II' script. It is notable for its use of red dots for vocalization while completely omitting diacritical marks, and employs C.C.I style decorations to signal groups of ten verses.

This parchment folio is an elegant example of the Abbasid-era Kufic C.II script, known for its distinct horizontal elongation (mashq) and thick, angular letterforms. It originally belonged to a larger monumental Quran produced during the 8th or 9th century.

This manuscript was part of the collection acquired in Damascus by Johann Gottfried Wetzstein in the 19th century, which significantly enriched the Oriental holdings of the Prussian State Library.

This manuscript features intricate illumination, including surah headings written in white on a red and gold background or in golden characters on a white background. It utilizes Kufic hāʾ letters to mark groups of five verses and medallions containing spelled-out numbers for every ten verses.

The manuscript originates from the collection of J. Richard and its text is written without diacritical marks, using red dots for vocalization. It features a unique binding with 16th or 17th-century brown leather boards, possibly of Indian origin, decorated with a central plaque and stamped fleurons.

This manuscript represents an important development in Kufic script (style E), marked by the abandonment of the lower return on the independent alif and a downward-pointing tail on the final mīm. Its small size and frequent use of horizontal extension (mashq) suggest it may have been copied for personal use, closer to normal writing practices of the time.

This codex is largely complete, containing the entire Quran, though the first folio and a few other leaves were supplied by a later hand. Written on parchment, the manuscript represents an important transitional stage in the evolution of the Arabic script toward the Maghrebi style. While generally well-preserved, some of the early and late folios exhibit water damage and have been repaired.

This manuscript is notable for its rich ornamentation, featuring green dots for the hamza and red dots for vocalization. Verses are separated by rosettes, while golden Kufic 'hāʾ' letters mark groups of five verses, and Sura 44 features a golden title accompanied by an intricate vine-scroll vignette.

This manuscript is notable for its rich ornamentation, featuring green dots for the hamza and red dots for vocalization. Verses are separated by rosettes, while golden Kufic 'hāʾ' letters mark groups of five verses, and Sura 44 features a golden title accompanied by an intricate vine-scroll vignette.

This 10th-century Quranic manuscript is notable for being written on Oriental paper rather than parchment. It features complete diacritics and vocalization, with distinctive colorful verse markers including yellow Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to signal groups of five verses.

This complete Quran was produced in Baghdad by the renowned calligrapher ʿAlī b. Hilāl, also known as Ibn al-Bawwāb, around 1000-1001 AD. He is a significant figure in Islamic art, closely associated with the adoption of the round Naskh script to transcribe the Quran.

This codex is closely related to two other Andalusian manuscripts held in Istanbul, which were written in Cordoba (1143-1144 AD) and Valencia (1182-1183 AD), suggesting a similar provenance. It features distinctive Maġribī micrography for the main text and angular chrysography for the Surah headings.