Surah 5:0

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London, The British Library, Or. 2165

1 of 3codex_00012

Variants & TyposThe diacritical marks are very sparely used and appear as short horizontal lines. A notable feature of the spelling is the systematic absence of the Alif of prolongation (e.g., spelling الاموت instead of الاموات, قل for قال, and نديناه for ناديناه). Furthermore, there is no trace of vowel-points or other orthographical signs.

DateAD 750 (Mid 7th to Mid 8th Century AD)

Script Styleḥiǧāzī II

Current LocationThe British Library, London

Found LocationFustat (Old Cairo), Egypt

Quranic RangeQ 7:42-9:95, Q 10:9-39:47, Q 40:61-43:71

Context & Details

Considered by Gotthelf Bergsträßer to be the most important representative of the ḥiǧāzī script style due to its extensive size. It features a bold hand with tall, right-leaning hastae that sets it apart from more conventional early Kufic Qurans. Two folios from this same codex are currently preserved at the Dār al-Āṯār al-Islāmiyya in Kuwait.

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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 324 (c)

2 of 3codex_00024

DateAD 800 (8th Century AD)

Script StyleKufic C (Graphie C I a)

Current LocationBibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

Found LocationFustat (Old Cairo), Egypt

Quranic RangeQ 4:11-12, Q 4:89-92, Q 4:122-128, Q 5:2-23, Q 5:41-45, Q 34:12-35:36, Q 55:1-27, Q 68:51-72:16, Q 75:1-76:22, Q 77:11-41, Q 80:11-81:2, Q 95:5-96:19, Q 100:2-102:4, Q 105:1-107:7

Context & Details

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

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Cairo, Khedivial Library, today: Egyptian National Library and Archives, Moritz 1905, table 37-38

3 of 3codex_00347

DateAD 900 (Mid 8th to Late 9th Century AD)

Script Stylekūfī D. I / D. III

Current LocationEgyptian National Library and Archives (دار الكتب والوثائق القومية), Cairo

Found LocationEgypt

Quranic RangeQ 4:176-Q 5:3

Context & Details

Documented in Bernhard Moritz's seminal 1905 work 'Arabic Palaeography', this manuscript is known only through two surviving images, with its physical dimensions and total leaf count remaining a mystery. It serves as an important surviving example of early Kufic script from the Abbasid era.

London, The British Library, Or. 2165

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 324 (c)

Cairo, Khedivial Library, today: Egyptian National Library and Archives, Moritz 1905, table 37-38

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