Surah 53

Surah 53:45

"and that He created pairs, the male and the female,"
Claimed Miracle: Genetics / Embryology
APOLOGIST CLAIM

"The Quran reveals that the biological sex of a baby is determined by the male sperm, stating in 53:45-46 that God creates male and female from a 'sperm-drop'."

Refutation & Exegesis

These verses state that humans are created from a drop of fluid, which reflects the universal ancient observation that semen is involved in reproduction. It lacks explicitly precise biological detail about X or Y chromosomes. In fact, traditional Islamic sources explicitly contradict modern genetics regarding gender determination; several authentic Hadith (such as those in Sahih Muslim) attribute the gender of the baby to whichever partner's reproductive fluid 'prevails' or 'dominates' during conception. This dominating-fluid concept actually mirrors ancient Greek and Galenic medical theories of antiquity rather than modern chromosomal science.
Dehistoricization

Proponents dehistoricize the text by ignoring that ancient, pre-Islamic medical traditions (like Galen) had already made the rudimentary observation that semen is involved in creating life. The text lacks any actual genetic detail regarding chromosomes.