Surah 54

Surah 54:0

Manuscripts (4)
Downloading from cloud...
Muṣḥaf of Najaf Ashraf (Codex 1 of Imām ʿAlī Library), in kūfī B.II, D.IV, and post-classical kūfī script, showing Surah 54:0 from Mid 7th to Mid 9th Century AD found in Unknown, currently housed at Imām ʿAlī Library (المكتبة الروضة الحيدرية), Najaf, Iraq

Muṣḥaf of Najaf Ashraf (Codex 1 of Imām ʿAlī Library)

1 of 4codex_02276
DateAD 850 (Mid 7th to Mid 9th Century AD)
Script Stylekūfī B.II, D.IV, and post-classical kūfī
Current LocationImām ʿAlī Library (المكتبة الروضة الحيدرية), Najaf, Iraq
Found LocationUnknown
Quranic RangeQ 1-Q 26:200, Q 27:10-Q 108:1, Q 111-Q 114:6
Context & Details

This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.

Downloading from cloud...
Moritz 1905, Tables 39-40, in Kūfī A.I script, showing Surah 54:0 from 8th Century AD found in Bahnasa (Oxyrynchos), Egypt, currently housed at Egyptian National Library and Archives, Cairo

Moritz 1905, Tables 39-40

2 of 4codex_00348
DateAD 800 (8th Century AD)
Script StyleKūfī A.I
Current LocationEgyptian National Library and Archives, Cairo
Found LocationBahnasa (Oxyrynchos), Egypt
Quranic RangeQ 28:26-32
Context & Details

This codex fragment was documented in Bernhard Moritz's 1905 'Arabic Palaeography' album and was reportedly discovered in the ancient Egyptian city of Bahnasa (Oxyrynchos). Scholars suggest it may originally belong to the same large codex as other early Quranic fragments currently held in the Vatican, Paris, and the Khalili Collections.

Downloading from cloud...
Rampur Raza Library No. 1, in kūfī C.III script, showing Surah 54:0 from Early 8th to Mid 9th Century AD found in Unknown, currently housed at Rampur Raza Library, Rampur, India

Rampur Raza Library No. 1

3 of 4codex_00878
Variants & TyposThe manuscript uses red dots instead of standard diacritical marks. It also features notable spelling variants in its consonantal skeleton (rasm), such as writing the preposition 'ʿalā' (على) with a regular alif (علا) in Q 2:23, and spelling the contraction 'allā' (ألا) as two separate words 'an lā' (ان لا) in Q 20:118.
DateAD 850 (Early 8th to Mid 9th Century AD)
Script Stylekūfī C.III
Current LocationRampur Raza Library, Rampur, India
Found LocationUnknown
Quranic RangeQ 1:1-7, Q 2:21-40, Q 2:82-218, Q 2:221-279, Q 2:281- Q 3:51, Q 3:53-Q 17:7, Q 17:15-Q 42:51, Q 43:19-Q 50:38, Q 51:57- Q 65:6, Q 67- Q 74:41, Q 91:4- Q 106:0, Q 111- Q 114:5
Context & Details

This manuscript is a highly prized copy traditionally ascribed to the penmanship of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph. It features modern gold and colored borders on the paper margins.

Downloading from cloud...
Cairo, Khedivial Library, today: Egyptian National Library and Archives, Moritz 1905, table 37-38, in kūfī D. I / D. III script, showing Surah 54:0 from Mid 8th to Late 9th Century AD found in Egypt, currently housed at Egyptian National Library and Archives (دار الكتب والوثائق القومية), Cairo

Cairo, Khedivial Library, today: Egyptian National Library and Archives, Moritz 1905, table 37-38

4 of 4codex_00347
DateAD 900 (Mid 8th to Late 9th Century AD)
Script Stylekūfī D. I / D. III
Current LocationEgyptian National Library and Archives (دار الكتب والوثائق القومية), Cairo
Found LocationEgypt
Quranic RangeQ 4:176-Q 5:3
Context & Details

Documented in Bernhard Moritz's seminal 1905 work 'Arabic Palaeography', this manuscript is known only through two surviving images, with its physical dimensions and total leaf count remaining a mystery. It serves as an important surviving example of early Kufic script from the Abbasid era.

Ready Apologia is an actively evolving project. We are continuously adding new theological filters, deep-dive topics, and manuscript data, while rigorously refining our quality checks. If you notice any bugs, misalignments, or have suggestions, please use the feedback links below to help us improve. Expect fresh updates on a biweekly basis!

About Us • Share Feedback or Questions • Vote on Next Features

"You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is they that bear witness about me."
— John 5:39

"O you who have believed, do not ask about things which, if they are shown to you, would distress you"
— Quran: Surah Al-Ma'idah, Verse 101

"knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone's own interpretation."
— 2 Peter 1:20

"So if you are in doubt about that which We have revealed to you, then ask those who have been reading the Scripture before you."
— Quran: Surah Yunus, Verse 94