سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ
Whatever is in the heavens and the earth glorifies God. He is the Mighty, the Wise.
هُوَ ٱلۡأَوَّلُ وَٱلۡأٓخِرُ وَٱلظَّـٰهِرُ وَٱلۡبَاطِنُۖ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ
He is the First and the Last, the Outer and the Inner. He has knowledge of everything.
لَّهُۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ
To Him (belongs) the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and to God (all) matters are returned.
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
تُرۡجَعُ
are returned
تَرۡجِعُ
return
The verb changes from the passive voice 'turja'u' (are returned) to the active voice 'tarji'u' (return) through a change in the internal vowels, shifting the expression from matters being brought back to God, to matters actively returning to Him.
Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Active to Passive / Passive to Active
أَخَذَ مِيثَٰقَكُمۡ
He has already taken a covenant with you
أُخِذَ مِيثَٰقُكُمۡ
your pledge has been taken
The verb changed from the active 'akhadha' (He took) to the passive 'ukhidha' (was taken), which changes the grammatical case of the following word 'covenant' from the accusative object to the nominative subject.
Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
يُنَزِّلُ
sends down
يُنزِلُ
sends down
The word changes from Form II (يُنَزِّلُ) to Form IV (يُنزِلُ) through a change in vowels and the removal of the shaddah. While both mean 'sends down', Form II often implies a gradual or repeated revelation, whereas Form IV suggests sending down at once.
Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Grammatical Case Change
وَكُلّٗا
to each
وَكُلٌّ
each
Change in grammatical case from the accusative 'kullan' (direct object) to the nominative 'kullun' (topic/subject), altering the sentence structure.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
ٱنظُرُونَا
Wait for us
أَنظِرُونَا
Reprieve us
Hafs reads the verb in Form I as 'unzhurūnā' (wait for us / look at us), starting with a hamzat waṣl. The variant reads it in Form IV as 'anzhirūnā' (grant us respite / reprieve us), starting with a hamzat qaṭ' and changing the vowels, which subtly shifts the meaning from asking someone to wait, to asking for an extension of time.
Khalaf, Khallad
Borrowed Mythology & Plagiarism
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift) | Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
نَزَلَ
has come down
نَزَّلَ
He bestowed from on high
Hafs uses the Form I intransitive verb 'nazala' (it came down), making 'what' the subject. The variant uses the Form II transitive verb 'nazzala' (He bestowed/sent down), making Allah the implied subject and 'what' the object.
Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Shu'bah, Susi
يَكُونُواْ
they not be
تَكُونُواْ
do not be
The verb shifts from the third-person 'yakūnū' (that they not be) to the second-person 'takūnū' (do not be) by a change in the diacritical dots (ya to ta), turning the phrase into a direct command.
Ruways
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
ٱلۡمُصَّدِّقِينَ وَٱلۡمُصَّدِّقَٰتِ
the charitable men and the charitable women
ٱلۡمُصَدِّقِينَ وَٱلۡمُصَدِّقَٰتِ
men who believe and women who believe
The Hafs reading has a shadda on the letter ṣād (assimilated from 'mutaṣaddiqīn', Form V), meaning 'those who give charity'. The variant removes this shadda ('muṣaddiqīn', Form II), shifting the meaning to 'those who believe' or 'affirm the truth'.
Bazzi, Qunbul, Shu'bah
Theological Defect
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
ءَاتَىٰكُمۡ
has come to you
أَتَىٰكُمۡ
has come to you
Hafs reads with a long 'a' (Form IV 'آتَى', meaning 'He gave you', though translated here as 'has come'), whereas the variant reads with a short 'a' (Form I 'أَتَى', meaning 'it came to you'). This shifts the literal subject from Allah (who gives) to the worldly gains themselves (which come).
Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi
Extra Word - Addition / Omission of Word
اللَّهَ هُوَ
God - He is
اللَّهَ
Allah is
The pronoun 'هُوَ' (He) is included in Hafs as a pronoun of separation (damir al-fasl) for emphasis, while the variant omits it, moving directly from the subject 'Allah' to the predicate.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh
Incites Violence & Intolerance
Theological Defect
Graphical/Basic Letter Difference - Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا
his descendants
ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا
their offspring
The discrepancy is a translation artifact rather than a textual variant. The Hafs Arabic 'ذريتهما' is dual ('their descendants'), which is inaccurately translated as singular ('his') in the first text. The second translation accurately reflects the dual/plural ('their').
Hisham