Surah 66

Surah 66:0

Manuscripts (3)
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Muṣḥaf of Najaf Ashraf (Codex 1 of Imām ʿAlī Library), in kūfī B.II, D.IV, and post-classical kūfī script, showing Surah 66:0 from Mid 7th to Mid 9th Century AD found in Unknown, currently housed at Imām ʿAlī Library (المكتبة الروضة الحيدرية), Najaf, Iraq

Muṣḥaf of Najaf Ashraf (Codex 1 of Imām ʿAlī Library)

1 of 3codex_02276
DateAD 850 (Mid 7th to Mid 9th Century AD)
Script Stylekūfī B.II, D.IV, and post-classical kūfī
Current LocationImām ʿAlī Library (المكتبة الروضة الحيدرية), Najaf, Iraq
Found LocationUnknown
Quranic RangeQ 1-Q 26:200, Q 27:10-Q 108:1, Q 111-Q 114:6
Context & Details

This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.

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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 324 (c), in Kufic C (Graphie C I a) script, showing Surah 66:0 from 8th Century AD found in Fustat (Old Cairo), Egypt, currently housed at Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 324 (c)

2 of 3codex_00024
DateAD 800 (8th Century AD)
Script StyleKufic C (Graphie C I a)
Current LocationBibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
Found LocationFustat (Old Cairo), Egypt
Quranic RangeQ 4:11-12, Q 4:89-92, Q 4:122-128, Q 5:2-23, Q 5:41-45, Q 34:12-35:36, Q 55:1-27, Q 68:51-72:16, Q 75:1-76:22, Q 77:11-41, Q 80:11-81:2, Q 95:5-96:19, Q 100:2-102:4, Q 105:1-107:7
Context & Details

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

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Saray Medina 1a (Karatay 3), in Kūfī script, showing Surah 66:0 from 8th Century AD found in Medina, currently housed at Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul

Saray Medina 1a (Karatay 3)

3 of 3codex_00056
Variants & TyposThe manuscript contains over thirty documented variants in its consonantal skeleton (rasm). These orthographic deviations typically involve the addition or substitution of single letters (such as nūn, tāʾ, yāʾ, and alif), altering the spelling of specific words compared to the standard text. The script includes diacritical marks throughout, with vocalization added later in a lighter, likely red, ink.
DateAD 800 (8th Century AD)
Script StyleKūfī
Current LocationTopkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul
Found LocationMedina
Quranic RangeQ 1:1 - 114:6
Context & Details

This almost complete codex is notable for being written by at least six different scribes in Kufic script. Originally documented in Gotthelf Bergsträßer's archives as 'Medina 1a', its folios were later repaired with paper edges, and a few missing pages were completed in Naskh script.

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"You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is they that bear witness about me."
— John 5:39

"O you who have believed, do not ask about things which, if they are shown to you, would distress you"
— Quran: Surah Al-Ma'idah, Verse 101

"knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone's own interpretation."
— 2 Peter 1:20

"So if you are in doubt about that which We have revealed to you, then ask those who have been reading the Scripture before you."
— Quran: Surah Yunus, Verse 94