This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

This codex is one of the earliest surviving Quranic manuscripts, with combined radiocarbon dating of its parchment placing its production between 605 and 651 AD. The seven folios in Berlin were once part of a larger codex that is now split, with 33 additional folios currently held in the Egyptian National Library. The Berlin leaves were acquired in 1939 from the estate of Bernhard Moritz, the former director of the Khedivial Library.

Considered by Gotthelf Bergsträßer to be the most important representative of the ḥiǧāzī script style due to its extensive size. It features a bold hand with tall, right-leaning hastae that sets it apart from more conventional early Kufic Qurans. Two folios from this same codex are currently preserved at the Dār al-Āṯār al-Islāmiyya in Kuwait.

This manuscript is a fragment of a larger ancient codex that was likely originally kept in Damascus. Other surviving leaves from this exact same Quran are now scattered globally, including fragments held at Cambridge University (Add. 1125) and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum.

This manuscript is a fragment of a larger ancient codex that was likely originally kept in Damascus. Other surviving leaves from this exact same Quran are now scattered globally, including fragments held at Cambridge University (Add. 1125) and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum.

This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

This nearly complete early Kufic Quran was photographed by Otto Pretzl during a research trip to Morocco in 1934. While the main body belonged to the private library of Sherif ʿAbdarraḥmān b. Zīdān, fragments of this codex have since been dispersed to the Royal Library in Rabat, the Tareq Rajab Museum in Kuwait, and sold through auction houses like Christie's.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

This 8th-century codex features scarce use of diacritical marks and no vocalization, reflecting its antiquity. Fragments of the original manuscript are now widely dispersed, with portions held not only in Paris but also in the Vatican Library (Vat.ar.1784), the Khalili Collections (KFQ 49), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum (E 16264 D).

This 8th-century codex features scarce use of diacritical marks and no vocalization, reflecting its antiquity. Fragments of the original manuscript are now widely dispersed, with portions held not only in Paris but also in the Vatican Library (Vat.ar.1784), the Khalili Collections (KFQ 49), and the University of Pennsylvania Museum (E 16264 D).

This manuscript features almost complete diacritical marks using oblique strokes, red dots for vocalization, and green dots for hamza. Each surah is introduced by an ornamental band containing its title and verse count in gold lettering, and verse groups are marked with gold hāʾ symbols and letter-numeral medallions.

This codex is known primarily through photographs in the Gotthelf Bergsträßer archive, taken in the early 1930s. Although the original manuscript is no longer identifiable in the current museum catalogue, these rare photographs survived World War II and provide a crucial record of this early text.

This almost complete codex is notable for being written by at least six different scribes in Kufic script. Originally documented in Gotthelf Bergsträßer's archives as 'Medina 1a', its folios were later repaired with paper edges, and a few missing pages were completed in Naskh script.

The manuscript was previously owned by Kaikobad I, Sultan of the Sultanate of Rum (1219-1237). According to scholars, other folios of the same codex are held in the Library of Topkapı Sarayı in Istanbul.

This codex fragment was documented in Bernhard Moritz's 1905 'Arabic Palaeography' album and was reportedly discovered in the ancient Egyptian city of Bahnasa (Oxyrynchos). Scholars suggest it may originally belong to the same large codex as other early Quranic fragments currently held in the Vatican, Paris, and the Khalili Collections.

This codex fragment was documented in Bernhard Moritz's 1905 'Arabic Palaeography' album and was reportedly discovered in the ancient Egyptian city of Bahnasa (Oxyrynchos). Scholars suggest it may originally belong to the same large codex as other early Quranic fragments currently held in the Vatican, Paris, and the Khalili Collections.

The script is large, careful, even, and very beautiful. Diacritical points are rarely used, but some appear in the form of thin oblique strokes. Vowels are often marked with small red dots.

This nearly complete 8th-century Quranic manuscript is notable for its extensive preservation, containing text from the very beginning of the Quran to its final Surah. Curiously, folio 134 has been reported missing from the French National Library since approximately 2000, and no microfilm image of it survives.

This manuscript is a highly prized copy traditionally ascribed to the penmanship of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph. It features modern gold and colored borders on the paper margins.

This fragment originally belonged to the same codex as Marcel 16 (National Library of Russia) and Is. 1615 II (Chester Beatty Library). Notably, folio 65 verso was left blank without interrupting the text, likely because the poor quality of the parchment caused ink from the recto side to bleed through.

This fragment originally belonged to the same codex as Marcel 16 (National Library of Russia) and Is. 1615 II (Chester Beatty Library). Notably, folio 65 verso was left blank without interrupting the text, likely because the poor quality of the parchment caused ink from the recto side to bleed through.

This manuscript features rare oblique strokes for diacritics and red dots for partial vocalization. While individual verses are not separated, groups of five verses are indicated by golden 'hāʾ' letters, and groups of ten by specific medallions.

This manuscript features rare oblique strokes for diacritics and red dots for partial vocalization. While individual verses are not separated, groups of five verses are indicated by golden 'hāʾ' letters, and groups of ten by specific medallions.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This near-complete Kufic Quran is bound in brown leather over wood with arabesque interlacing and iron rings. It bears the foundation seal of Sultan Osman III, and its first three leaves as well as sura headings are illuminated.

This nearly complete codex is an exceptional document, as complete codices in Kūfī D script style are extremely rare. The manuscript features illuminated pages for the first three and last six folios, as well as at surah beginnings.

This nearly complete codex is an exceptional document, as complete codices in Kūfī D script style are extremely rare. The manuscript features illuminated pages for the first three and last six folios, as well as at surah beginnings.

This nearly complete codex is an exceptional document, as complete codices in Kūfī D script style are extremely rare. The manuscript features illuminated pages for the first three and last six folios, as well as at surah beginnings.

This manuscript features a forged colophon claiming it was copied in 798 AD by order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. An old legend also suggested it was a diplomatic gift sent to Charlemagne, though scholars have proven both the attribution and the legend to be false.

This manuscript features an early Kufic script closely related to the D.IV style, distinctively written to accentuate the angularity of the letters. It utilizes a sophisticated system of colored marks for pronunciation, including red dots for vocalization, yellow dots for the hamza, and dark green semicircles for the shadda.

This manuscript features an early Kufic script closely related to the D.IV style, distinctively written to accentuate the angularity of the letters. It utilizes a sophisticated system of colored marks for pronunciation, including red dots for vocalization, yellow dots for the hamza, and dark green semicircles for the shadda.

The black dots that originally separated the verses in this manuscript were later replaced with golden dots. Furthermore, golden 'hāʾ' letters were added to indicate groups of five verses, and golden medallions with letter-numerals were used to mark groups of ten, while a later hand added surah titles and verse counts in golden ink.

The black dots that originally separated the verses in this manuscript were later replaced with golden dots. Furthermore, golden 'hāʾ' letters were added to indicate groups of five verses, and golden medallions with letter-numerals were used to mark groups of ten, while a later hand added surah titles and verse counts in golden ink.

The manuscript uses decorative medallions and bands to mark every ten verses, rather than separating individual verses. A marginal note in cursive script reveals it was once owned by Aḥmad Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Huwaydī, with later readers adding pious notes in the margins.

BNF Arabe 351 is an early Quranic manuscript written in the Kufic D.III script with 5 lines per page. It belongs to the same original codex as several dispersed fragments, notably those from the Jean-Joseph Marcel collection currently held in Russia.

BNF Arabe 351 is an early Quranic manuscript written in the Kufic D.III script with 5 lines per page. It belongs to the same original codex as several dispersed fragments, notably those from the Jean-Joseph Marcel collection currently held in Russia.

This manuscript is an early example of the angular Kūfī D.I script on parchment, notable for its striking decorative elements. It uses golden Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to mark groups of five verses and intricate medallions for every ten verses, while the individual verses run continuously without separation marks.

This manuscript is an early example of the angular Kūfī D.I script on parchment, notable for its striking decorative elements. It uses golden Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to mark groups of five verses and intricate medallions for every ten verses, while the individual verses run continuously without separation marks.

This manuscript features early Kufic script with oblique strokes for diacritics and colored dots for vocalization and hamza. Its discovery is linked to the famous genizah in Fustat (Old Cairo), which preserved many early Islamic texts.

This manuscript features early Kufic script with oblique strokes for diacritics and colored dots for vocalization and hamza. Its discovery is linked to the famous genizah in Fustat (Old Cairo), which preserved many early Islamic texts.

This manuscript features early Kufic script with oblique strokes for diacritics and colored dots for vocalization and hamza. Its discovery is linked to the famous genizah in Fustat (Old Cairo), which preserved many early Islamic texts.

This 67-folio horizontal manuscript is a striking example of Early Abbasid (Kufic) calligraphy, featuring gold ink for chapter headings. The text is vocalized with red dots, and its green goatskin binding with gold-painted floral designs was added later in the 19th century.

This Abbasid Quran fragment was acquired by the University of Cambridge in 1878 from Edward H. Palmer and E.E. Tyrwhitt Drake, who collected it during a research trip to the Sinai Peninsula.

This fragment is part of the Khayqani Qurʾān. Written on firm vellum with 8 lines per page, the upright and regular script is fully pointed and vocalized in red and black, with verse-endings marked by crude circular ornaments.

This fragment is part of the Khayqani Qurʾān. Written on firm vellum with 8 lines per page, the upright and regular script is fully pointed and vocalized in red and black, with verse-endings marked by crude circular ornaments.

This codex is largely complete, containing the entire Quran, though the first folio and a few other leaves were supplied by a later hand. Written on parchment, the manuscript represents an important transitional stage in the evolution of the Arabic script toward the Maghrebi style. While generally well-preserved, some of the early and late folios exhibit water damage and have been repaired.

This manuscript is part of the collection acquired by Johann Gottfried Wetzstein during his tenure as Prussian consul in Damascus (1849–1861). It is written in the 'New Style' script (also known as New Abbasid Style), which became prominent in the 10th century and marks a transition towards more vertical, proportioned scripts.

This 10th-century Quranic manuscript is notable for being written on Oriental paper rather than parchment. It features complete diacritics and vocalization, with distinctive colorful verse markers including yellow Kufic 'hāʾ' letters to signal groups of five verses.

This complete Quran was produced in Baghdad by the renowned calligrapher ʿAlī b. Hilāl, also known as Ibn al-Bawwāb, around 1000-1001 AD. He is a significant figure in Islamic art, closely associated with the adoption of the round Naskh script to transcribe the Quran.

This codex is closely related to two other Andalusian manuscripts held in Istanbul, which were written in Cordoba (1143-1144 AD) and Valencia (1182-1183 AD), suggesting a similar provenance. It features distinctive Maġribī micrography for the main text and angular chrysography for the Surah headings.