Mujahid said, “The idolaters used to go around the House (Ka'bah) in Tawaf while naked, saying, 'We perform Tawaf as our mothers gave birth to us.’ The woman would cover her sexual organ with something saying, 'Today, some or all of it will appear, but whatever appears from it, I do not allow it (it is not for adultery or for men to enjoy looking at!).’” Allah sent down the Ayah,

And when they commit a Fahishah (sin), they say: ‘We found our fathers doing it, and Allah has commanded it for us.'

I say, the Arabs, with the exception of the Quraysh, used to perform Tawaf naked. They claimed they would not make Tawaf while wearing the clothes that they disobeyed Allah in. As for the Quraysh, known as Al-Hums, they used to perform Tawaf in their regular clothes. Whoever among the Arabs borrowed a garment from one of Al-Hums, he would wear it while in Tawaf. And whoever wore a new garment, would discard it and none would wear it after him on completion of Tawaf. Those who did not have a new garment, or were not given one by Al-Hums, then they would perform Tawaf while naked. Even women would go around in Tawaf while naked, and one of them would cover her sexual organ with something and proclaim, “Today, a part or all of it will appear, but whatever appears from it I do not allow it.” Women used to perform Tawaf while naked usually at night. This was a practice that the idolators invented on their own, following only their forefathers in this regard. They falsely claimed that what their forefathers did was in fact following the order and legislation of Allah. Allah then refuted them, Allah said,

Allah does not order Fahsha’, but orders Justice and Sincerity

Allah replied to this false claim,

{Say}, O Muhammad, to those who claimed this,

meaning, the practice you indulge in is a despicable sin, and Allah does not command such a thing.

that is, do you attribute to Allah statements that you are not certain are true? Allah said next,

This Ayah means, Allah commands you to be straightforward in worshipping Him, by following the Messengers who were supported with miracles and obeying what they conveyed from Allah and the Law that they brought. He also commands sincerity in worshipping Him, for He, Exalted He is, does not accept a good deed until it satisfies these two conditions: being correct and in conformity with His Law, and being free of Shirk.

The Meaning of being brought into Being in the Beginning and brought back again

Allah’s saying

As He brought you in the beginning, so shall you be brought into being again. Until;

error. There is some difference over the meaning of:

Ibn Abi Najih said that Mujahid said that it means, “He will bring you back to life after you die.” Al-Hasan Al-Basri commented, “As He made you begin in this life. He will bring you back to life on the Day of Resurrection.” Qatadah commented on:

“He started their creation after they were nothing, and they perished later on, and He shall bring them back again.” ‘Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam said, “As He created you in the beginning, He will bring you back in the end.” This last explanation was preferred by Abu Ja'far Ibn Jarir and he supported it with what he reported from Ibn ‘Abbas, “The Messenger of Allah stood up and gave us a speech, saying,

«O people! You will be gathered to Allah while barefooted, naked and uncircumcised, As We began the first creation, We shall repeat it. (It is) a promise binding upon Us. Truly, We shall do»

This Hadith was collected in the Two Sahihs. ‘Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn ‘Abbas commented on the Ayah,

“Allah, the Exalted, began the creation of the Sons of Adam, some believers and some disbelievers, just as He said.

He it is Who created you, then some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers.

He will then return them on the Day of Resurrection as He started them, some believers and some disbelievers.” I say, what supports this meaning, is the Hadith from Ibn Mas'ud that Al-Bukhari recorded, (that the Prophet said:)

«By He, other than Whom there is no god, one of you might perform the deeds of the people of Paradise until only the length of an arm or a forearm would separate him from it. However, that which was written in the Book takes precedence, and he commits the work of the people of the Fire and thus enters it. And one of you might perform the deeds of the people of the Fire until only the length of an arm or a forearm separates between him and the Fire. However, that which was written in the Book takes precedence, and he performs the work of the people of Paradise and thus enters Paradise.»

We should combine this meaning - if it is held to be the correct meaning for the Ayah - with Allah’s statement:

So set you your face towards the religion, Hanifan. Allah's Fitrah with which He has created mankind,

and what is recorded in the Two Sahihs from Abu Hurayrah who said that the Messenger of Allah said:

«Every child is born upon the Fitrah, it is only his parents who turn him into a Jew, a Christian or a Zoroastrian.»

Muslim recorded that ‘Iyad bin Himar said that the Messenger of Allah said,

«Allah said, 'I created My servants Hunafa' (monotheists), but the devils came to them and deviated them from their religion.'»

The collective meaning here is, Allah created His creatures so that some of them later turn believers and some turn disbelievers. Allah has originally created all of His servants able to recognize Him, to single Him out in worship, and know that there is no deity worthy of worship except Him. He also took their covenant to fulfill the implications of this knowledge, which He placed in their consciousness and souls. He has decided that some of them will be miserable and some will be happy,

He it is Who created you, then some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers.

Also, a Hadith states,

«All people go out in the morning and sell themselves, and some of them free themselves while some others destroy themselves.»

Allah’s decree will certainly come to pass in His creation. Verily, He it is

Who has measured (everything); and then guided, and,

He Who gave to each thing its form and nature, then guided it aright.

And in the Two Sahihs:

“As for those among you who are among the people of happiness, they will be facilitated to perform the deeds of the people of happiness. As for those who are among the miserable, they will be facilitated to commit the deeds of the miserable”.
This is why Allah said here,

Allah then explained why,

Ibn Jarir said, “This is one of the clearest arguments proving the mistake of those who claim that Allah does not punish anyone for disobedient acts he commits of deviations he believes in until after knowledge of what is correct reaches him, then he were to obstinately avoid it anyway. If this were true, then there would be no difference between the deviations of the misguided group - their belief that they are guided - and the group that is in fact guided. Yet Allah has differentiated between the two in this noble Ayah, doing so in both name and judgement.”