وَثَمُودَ ٱلَّذِينَ جَابُواْ ٱلصَّخۡرَ بِٱلۡوَادِ
and Thamūd, who carved out the rock in the wādī,
Historical Error
and Pharaoh, he of the stakes,
Historical Error
وَأَمَّآ إِذَا مَا ٱبۡتَلَىٰهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيۡهِ رِزۡقَهُۥ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّيٓ أَهَٰنَنِ
Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
فَقَدَرَ
restricts
فَقَدَّرَ
utterly restricting
The addition of a shaddah on the daal changes the verb from Form I to Form II (intensification), shifting the meaning from 'restricts' to 'utterly restricting' or strictly determining.
Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan
كَلَّاۖ بَل لَّا تُكۡرِمُونَ ٱلۡيَتِيمَ
By no means! No! You do not honor the orphan,
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
تُكۡرِمُونَ
You honor
يُكۡرِمُونَ
they honor
The diacritical marks on the prefix of the verb change from two dots above (ta/ت) to two dots below (ya/ي), shifting the grammatical person from second person plural ('you') to third person plural ('they').
Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
وَلَا تَحَـٰٓضُّونَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ ٱلۡمِسۡكِينِ
nor do you urge the feeding of the poor,
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person | Vowel Difference (harakat) - Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
تَحَٰٓضُّونَ
you urge
يَحُضُّونَ
they urge
The diacritical dots on the initial letter change from taa (second person) to yaa (third person), altering the verb from a direct address ('you urge') to speaking about them ('they urge'), along with a change in the internal vowels.
Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
تَحَٰٓضُّونَ
urge
تَحُضُّونَ
urge (others)
Hafs uses the Form VI verb 'taḥāḍḍūna' (indicated by the fatha and dagger alif), meaning 'to urge one another'. The variant uses the Form I verb 'taḥuḍḍūna' (with a damma), meaning 'to urge others'. Both share the same unpointed rasm skeleton, differing only in vowels and the implied alif.
Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh
وَتَأۡكُلُونَ ٱلتُّرَاثَ أَكۡلٗا لَّمّٗا
yet you devour the inheritance greedily,
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
وَتَأۡكُلُونَ
yet you devour
وَيَاكُلُونَ
and they devour
The prefix 'ta' (2nd person 'you') is changed to 'ya' (3rd person 'they') by shifting the diacritical dots, changing the subject from direct address to third person.
Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
وَتُحِبُّونَ ٱلۡمَالَ حُبّٗا جَمّٗا
Diacritical Difference (dots) - Change of Person
وَتُحِبُّونَ
and love
وَيُحِبُّونَ
and they love
The difference in diacritical dots on the prefix letter changes the verb from the second person plural ('you love') to the third person plural ('they love').
Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi
كَلَّآۖ إِذَا دُكَّتِ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ دَكّٗا دَكّٗا
By no means! When the earth is shattered with a double shattering,
يَقُولُ يَٰلَيۡتَنِي قَدَّمۡتُ لِحَيَاتِي
He will say, ‘Would that I had sent forward (righteous deeds) for my life!’
فَيَوۡمَئِذٖ لَّا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُۥٓ أَحَدٞ
On that Day no one will punish as He punishes,
Theological Defect
وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُۥٓ أَحَدٞ
and no one will bind as He binds.