Surah 93:0
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Muṣḥaf of Najaf Ashraf (Codex 1 of Imām ʿAlī Library)
1 of 3codex_02276
DateAD 850 (Mid 7th to Mid 9th Century AD)
Script Stylekūfī B.II, D.IV, and post-classical kūfī
Current LocationImām ʿAlī Library (المكتبة الروضة الحيدرية), Najaf, Iraq
Found LocationUnknown
Quranic RangeQ 1-Q 26:200, Q 27:10-Q 108:1, Q 111-Q 114:6
Context & Details
This codex contains a colophon attributing it to ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib and dating it to 40 AH (660 AD), though scholars believe this colophon was added later. It also features a waqf (endowment) deed written on the first page in 1775 AD.
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Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Wetzstein II 1925 (Ahlwardt 364)
2 of 3codex_00480
DateAD 899 (8th to 9th Century AD)
Script Stylekūfī E.I
Current LocationStaatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Berlin
Found LocationDamascus, Syria
Quranic RangeQ 67:0-102:0, Q 104:8-114:6
Context & Details
The manuscript has suffered from historical water and oil damage, causing its parchment leaves to become quite wrinkled. It features elegant gold script used exclusively for the surah titles and verse counts.
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Qatar National Library, HC.MS.03155
3 of 3codex_01383
Variants & TyposThe manuscript features numerous orthographic deviations from standard rasm, some reflecting Persian phonetic influences. Common variations include substituting alif or hamza with ya (ي), such as writing ادريک for 'adraka' (أدراك) and يوميذ for 'yauma'idhin' (يومئذ). There are also instances of consonant confusion, such as writing تبورا instead of ثبورا (ta for tha) and بظنين instead of بضنين. A notable scribal error spells al-Rahman as الرخمن (al-Rakhman).
DateAD 1198 (Late 12th Century AD)
Script StyleNew Style (type I)
Current LocationQatar National Library, Doha
Found LocationUnknown
Quranic RangeQ 1:1, 74:16-75:12, 76:18-85:8, 86:11-98:8, 99:1-114:6
Context & Details
This manuscript is notable for its detailed colophon written in both Arabic and Persian. It precisely dates the completion of the codex to noon on Friday, May 29, 1198 AD, by a Persian scribe and teacher (muʿallim) named Muḥammad b. Sulaimān.