Surah 99:0

Surah 99

Manuscripts (4)

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Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 324 (c)

1 of 4codex_00024

DateAD 800 (8th Century AD)

Script StyleKufic C (Graphie C I a)

Current LocationBibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

Found LocationFustat (Old Cairo), Egypt

Quranic RangeQ 4:11-12, Q 4:89-92, Q 4:122-128, Q 5:2-23, Q 5:41-45, Q 34:12-35:36, Q 55:1-27, Q 68:51-72:16, Q 75:1-76:22, Q 77:11-41, Q 80:11-81:2, Q 95:5-96:19, Q 100:2-102:4, Q 105:1-107:7

Context & Details

Carbon dating of fragments from Arabe 324 (c) places its origin between 660-780 AD. The manuscript is part of a composite codex, where Arabe 324 (c) and Gotha Ms. orient. A 462 are original leaves, while other sections such as Arabe 324 (a) and (d) were added centuries later to replace damaged or missing pages.

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Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Wetzstein II 1925 (Ahlwardt 364)

2 of 4codex_00480

DateAD 899 (8th to 9th Century AD)

Script Stylekūfī E.I

Current LocationStaatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Berlin

Found LocationDamascus, Syria

Quranic RangeQ 67:0-102:0, Q 104:8-114:6

Context & Details

The manuscript has suffered from historical water and oil damage, causing its parchment leaves to become quite wrinkled. It features elegant gold script used exclusively for the surah titles and verse counts.

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Rampur Raza Library No. 1

3 of 4codex_00878

Variants & TyposThe manuscript uses red dots instead of standard diacritical marks. It also features notable spelling variants in its consonantal skeleton (rasm), such as writing the preposition 'ʿalā' (على) with a regular alif (علا) in Q 2:23, and spelling the contraction 'allā' (ألا) as two separate words 'an lā' (ان لا) in Q 20:118.

DateAD 850 (Early 8th to Mid 9th Century AD)

Script Stylekūfī C.III

Current LocationRampur Raza Library, Rampur, India

Found LocationUnknown

Quranic RangeQ 1:1-7, Q 2:21-40, Q 2:82-218, Q 2:221-279, Q 2:281- Q 3:51, Q 3:53-Q 17:7, Q 17:15-Q 42:51, Q 43:19-Q 50:38, Q 51:57- Q 65:6, Q 67- Q 74:41, Q 91:4- Q 106:0, Q 111- Q 114:5

Context & Details

This manuscript is a highly prized copy traditionally ascribed to the penmanship of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph. It features modern gold and colored borders on the paper margins.

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Qatar National Library, HC.MS.03155

4 of 4codex_01383

Variants & TyposThe manuscript features numerous orthographic deviations from standard rasm, some reflecting Persian phonetic influences. Common variations include substituting alif or hamza with ya (ي), such as writing ادريک for 'adraka' (أدراك) and يوميذ for 'yauma'idhin' (يومئذ). There are also instances of consonant confusion, such as writing تبورا instead of ثبورا (ta for tha) and بظنين instead of بضنين. A notable scribal error spells al-Rahman as الرخمن (al-Rakhman).

DateAD 1198 (Late 12th Century AD)

Script StyleNew Style (type I)

Current LocationQatar National Library, Doha

Found LocationUnknown

Quranic RangeQ 1:1, 74:16-75:12, 76:18-85:8, 86:11-98:8, 99:1-114:6

Context & Details

This manuscript is notable for its detailed colophon written in both Arabic and Persian. It precisely dates the completion of the codex to noon on Friday, May 29, 1198 AD, by a Persian scribe and teacher (muʿallim) named Muḥammad b. Sulaimān.

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 324 (c)

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Wetzstein II 1925 (Ahlwardt 364)

Rampur Raza Library No. 1

Qatar National Library, HC.MS.03155

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