Textual Mechanism

The variants listed below fall under the mechanism category of "Vowel Difference (harakat)". This specific textual difference between the Hafs reading and other recognized readings highlights the fluidity in dotting, vowelization, or orthography present during the early oral and written transmission of the text.

Al-Baqarah 2:10

فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٞ فَزَادَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مَرَضٗاۖ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمُۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡذِبُونَ

In their hearts is a sickness, so God has increased their sickness, and for them (there is) a painful punishment because they have lied.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَكۡذِبُونَ

have lied

Variant Reading

يُكَذِّبُونَ

disbelieve

The change in vocalization and the addition of a shadda shifts the verb from Form I (to lie) to Form II (to accuse of lying or to deny/disbelieve), changing the focus from the act of speaking falsehood to the act of rejecting the truth.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:28

كَيۡفَ تَكۡفُرُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَكُنتُمۡ أَمۡوَٰتٗا فَأَحۡيَٰكُمۡۖ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

How can you disbelieve in God, when you were (once) dead and He gave you life? Then He causes you to die, then He gives you life (again), (and) then to Him you are returned?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you are returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive voice 'turjaʿūna' (you are returned) to the active voice 'tarjiʿūna' (you return) by changing the vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:37

فَتَلَقَّىٰٓ ءَادَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ كَلِمَٰتٖ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡهِۚ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

Then Adam received certain words from his Lord, and He turned to him (in forgiveness). Surely He – He is the One who turns (in forgiveness), the Compassionate.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ءَادَمُ ... كَلِمَٰتٖ

Adam received ... words

Variant Reading

ءَادَمَ ... كَلِمَٰتٞ

Adam was received by words

The grammatical cases of 'Adam' and 'words' are swapped. In Hafs, Adam is the subject (nominative - marfu') who receives the words (accusative/object - mansub, taking kasrah). In the variant, the words act as the subject (nominative) that receive Adam (accusative).

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Al-Baqarah 2:38

قُلۡنَا ٱهۡبِطُواْ مِنۡهَا جَمِيعٗاۖ فَإِمَّا يَأۡتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّي هُدٗى فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

We said, ‘Go down from it – all (of you)! If any guidance comes to you from Me, whoever follows My guidance – (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The word changes from the nominative case (khawfun) indicating simple negation, to the accusative case (khawfa) indicating absolute, categorical negation.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:90

بِئۡسَمَا ٱشۡتَرَوۡاْ بِهِۦٓ أَنفُسَهُمۡ أَن يَكۡفُرُواْ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ بَغۡيًا أَن يُنَزِّلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦۖ فَبَآءُو بِغَضَبٍ عَلَىٰ غَضَبٖۚ وَلِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابٞ مُّهِينٞ

Evil is what they have sold themselves for: they disbelieve in what God has sent down, (because of) envy that God should send down some of His favor on whomever He pleases of His servants. So they have incurred anger upon anger, and for the disbelievers (there is) a humiliating punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلَ

send down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلَ

send down

The verb changes from Form II (yunazzil), which can imply a gradual, repeated, or intensive sending down, to Form IV (yunzil), which denotes a general or single act of sending down.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Baqarah 2:105

مَّا يَوَدُّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَلَا ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَخۡتَصُّ بِرَحۡمَتِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ ذُو ٱلۡفَضۡلِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ

Those who disbelieve among the People of the Book, and the idolaters, do not like (it) that anything good should be sent down on you from your Lord. But God chooses whomever He pleases for His mercy, and God is full of great favor.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزَّلَ

sent down

Variant Reading

يُنزَلَ

bestowed from on high

The verb changes from Form II (يُنَزَّلَ, implying gradual or continuous revelation) to Form IV (يُنزَلَ, implying a single act of sending down or bestowing), indicated by a change in vowels and the removal of the shadda.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Baqarah 2:106

۞مَا نَنسَخۡ مِنۡ ءَايَةٍ أَوۡ نُنسِهَا نَأۡتِ بِخَيۡرٖ مِّنۡهَآ أَوۡ مِثۡلِهَآۗ أَلَمۡ تَعۡلَمۡ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٌ

Whatever verse We cancel or cause to be forgotten, We bring a better (one) than it, or (one) similar to it. Do you not know that God is powerful over everything?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نَنسَخۡ

cancel

Variant Reading

نُنسِخۡ

command the abrogation

Hafs reads the verb in Form I 'nansakh' (We cancel or abrogate), whereas the variant (recited by Ibn Amir) reads it in Form IV 'nunsikh' (We command the abrogation or cause to be cancelled). The consonant skeleton is identical, differing only in the vowels.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Baqarah 2:112

بَلَىٰۚ مَنۡ أَسۡلَمَ وَجۡهَهُۥ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحۡسِنٞ فَلَهُۥٓ أَجۡرُهُۥ عِندَ رَبِّهِۦ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Yes indeed! Whoever submits his face to God, and he is a doer of good, has his reward with his Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

Hafs reads with tanween damma (nominative) for simple negation, while the variant (Ya'qub) reads with a fatha (accusative) applying categorical absolute negation (laa nafiya lil jins), intensifying the meaning to 'no fear whatsoever'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:117

بَدِيعُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

– Originator of the heavens and the earth. When He decrees something, He simply says to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The final vowel on the verb changes from a dammah (nominative/indicative) to a fathah (accusative/subjunctive). This shifts the grammatical structure from a new, resumed statement ('and it is') to a direct result of the preceding command ('so it is').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Baqarah 2:119

إِنَّآ أَرۡسَلۡنَٰكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ بَشِيرٗا وَنَذِيرٗاۖ وَلَا تُسۡـَٔلُ عَنۡ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ

Surely We have sent you with the truth, as a bringer of good news and a warner. You will not be questioned about the companions of the Furnace.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُسۡـَٔلُ

will not be questioned

Variant Reading

تَسْـَٔلْ

do not ask

The vowels change the verb from a passive indicative (tus'alu, meaning 'you will not be questioned') to an active jussive/prohibitive (tas'al, meaning 'do not ask').

Read by:

Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:124

۞وَإِذِ ٱبۡتَلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ رَبُّهُۥ بِكَلِمَٰتٖ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّۖ قَالَ إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَامٗاۖ قَالَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِيۖ قَالَ لَا يَنَالُ عَهۡدِي ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

(Remember) when his Lord tested Abraham with (certain) words, and he fulfilled them. He said, ‘Surely I am going to make you a leader for the people.’ He said, ‘And of my descendants?’ He said, ‘My covenant does not extend to the evildoers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱبۡتَلَىٰٓ

tested

Variant Reading

ٱبۡتُلِيَ

was tried

The Variant English shifts the sentence structure to the passive voice ('was tried'). While standard Qira'at all read this as the active 'ibtalaa' (ٱبۡتَلَىٰٓ), a literal Arabic back-translation of this passive variant English meaning yields the passive verb 'ubtuliya' (ٱبۡتُلِيَ), which changes only the internal vowels (harakat).

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Baqarah 2:125

وَإِذۡ جَعَلۡنَا ٱلۡبَيۡتَ مَثَابَةٗ لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمۡنٗا وَٱتَّخِذُواْ مِن مَّقَامِ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ مُصَلّٗىۖ وَعَهِدۡنَآ إِلَىٰٓ إِبۡرَٰهِـۧمَ وَإِسۡمَٰعِيلَ أَن طَهِّرَا بَيۡتِيَ لِلطَّآئِفِينَ وَٱلۡعَٰكِفِينَ وَٱلرُّكَّعِ ٱلسُّجُودِ

And when We made the House a place of meeting and security for the people, and (said), ‘Take the standing place of Abraham as a place of prayer,’ and We made a covenant with Abraham and Ishmael: ‘Both of you purify My House for the ones who go around (it), and the ones who are devoted to it, and the ones who bow, (and) the ones who prostrate themselves.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَٱتَّخِذُواْ

Take

Variant Reading

وَاتَّخَذُواْ

they took

Hafs reads the verb as a second-person plural imperative 'Take' with a kasra on the letter kha, while the variant reads it as a third-person plural past tense 'they took' with a fatha.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:148

وَلِكُلّٖ وِجۡهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَاۖ فَٱسۡتَبِقُواْ ٱلۡخَيۡرَٰتِۚ أَيۡنَ مَا تَكُونُواْ يَأۡتِ بِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ جَمِيعًاۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ

Each has a direction to which he turns. So race (toward doing) good deeds. Wherever you may be, God will bring you all together. Surely God is powerful over everything.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُوَلِّيهَا

he turns

Variant Reading

مُوَلَّاهَا

he is turned

The word is read as an active participle (muwallīhā) in Hafs, meaning 'he turns [towards it]', whereas the variant reads it as a passive participle (muwallāhā) by changing the kasrah to a fatha, meaning 'he is turned' or directed.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Baqarah 2:165

وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَندَادٗا يُحِبُّونَهُمۡ كَحُبِّ ٱللَّهِۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَشَدُّ حُبّٗا لِّلَّهِۗ وَلَوۡ يَرَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓاْ إِذۡ يَرَوۡنَ ٱلۡعَذَابَ أَنَّ ٱلۡقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِيعٗا وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعَذَابِ

But (there are) some of the people who set up rivals to God. They love them with a love like (that given to) God. Yet those who believe are stronger in love for God. If (only) those who do evil could see (the Day), when they will see the punishment, that the power (belongs) to God altogether, and that God is harsh in punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّ

that

Variant Reading

إِنَّ

indeed

The vowel on the initial hamzah changes from a fathah (anna) to a kasrah (inna). This grammatically shifts the clause from being subordinate ('that the power...') to an independent sentence ('indeed all power...').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Baqarah 2:197

ٱلۡحَجُّ أَشۡهُرٞ مَّعۡلُومَٰتٞۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِيهِنَّ ٱلۡحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِي ٱلۡحَجِّۗ وَمَا تَفۡعَلُواْ مِنۡ خَيۡرٖ يَعۡلَمۡهُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَتَزَوَّدُواْ فَإِنَّ خَيۡرَ ٱلزَّادِ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُونِ يَـٰٓأُوْلِي ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ

The pilgrimage (falls in certain) specified months. Whoever undertakes the pilgrimage in them – (there should be) no sexual relations or wickedness or quarreling during the pilgrimage. Whatever good you do, God knows it. And take provision (for the journey), but surely the best provision is the guarding (of oneself). So guard (yourselves) against Me, those (of you) with understanding!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ

sexual relations or wickedness

Variant Reading

رَفَثٌ وَلَا فُسُوقٌ

intercourse nor ungodliness

Hafs reads the nouns with fatha (without tanween) indicating absolute categorical negation (La al-Nafiyah lil Jins). The variant (read by Ibn Kathir and Abu 'Amr) reads them with damma and tanween (nominative) indicating standard negation.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ

sexual relations or wickedness

Variant Reading

رَفَثٌ وَلَا فُسُوقٌ

intercourse nor ungodliness

Hafs reads the first two nouns in the accusative case (fat-hah) as an absolute categorical negation. The variant reads them in the nominative case (dammah with tanwin) functioning as standard negations, while keeping the third noun (jidāla) as an absolute negation.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Baqarah 2:210

هَلۡ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِي ظُلَلٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡغَمَامِ وَٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَقُضِيَ ٱلۡأَمۡرُۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ

Do they expect (anything) but God to come to them in the shadow of the cloud with the angels? The affair has been decided, and to God (all) affairs return.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ

with the angels

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ

and angels

The word for 'angels' changes from the nominative case (marfu') to the genitive case (majrur). In Hafs, the angels are the subject coming alongside God. In the variant, they are coordinated with 'clouds', meaning God comes in shades of clouds and in shades of angels.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُ

return (are returned)

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُ

return

The verb changes from the passive 'turja\'u' (are returned) to the active 'tarji\'u' (return). The translation choice of 'affairs' vs 'things' reflects the same Arabic word (ٱلۡأُمُورُ), but the underlying recitation variant alters the verb's grammatical voice.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:213

كَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَبَعَثَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ وَأَنزَلَ مَعَهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَ ٱلنَّاسِ فِيمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِۚ وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۖ فَهَدَى ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُواْ فِيهِ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ بِإِذۡنِهِۦۗ وَٱللَّهُ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ

The people were (once) one community. Then God raised up the prophets as bringers of good news and warners, and with them He sent down the Book with the truth to judge among the people concerning their differences. Only those who had been given it differed concerning it, after the clear signs had come to them, (because of) envy among themselves. And God guided those who believed to the truth concerning which they differed, by His permission. God guides whomever He pleases to a straight path.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لِيَحۡكُمَ

to judge

Variant Reading

لِيُحۡكَمَ

so that it may be judged

The verb changes from the active voice (He judges) to the passive voice (it is judged) by changing the vowels.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Baqarah 2:214

أَمۡ حَسِبۡتُمۡ أَن تَدۡخُلُواْ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأۡتِكُم مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۖ مَّسَّتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَأۡسَآءُ وَٱلضَّرَّآءُ وَزُلۡزِلُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ مَتَىٰ نَصۡرُ ٱللَّهِۗ أَلَآ إِنَّ نَصۡرَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٞ

Or did you think that you would enter the Garden before you had experienced what those who passed away before you experienced? Violence and hardship touched them, and they were (so) shaken that the messenger, and those who believed with him, said, ‘When will the help of God come?’ Is it not a fact that the help of God is near?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَقُولَ

said

Variant Reading

يَقُولُ

say

The verb changes from the subjunctive case (manṣūb with a fatḥa) to the indicative case (marfū' with a ḍamma). This subtle grammatical shift changes the aspect of the verb from an anticipated endpoint ('until they said') to a consequent, continuous state or factual occurrence ('such that they say/were saying').

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:222

وَيَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلۡمَحِيضِۖ قُلۡ هُوَ أَذٗى فَٱعۡتَزِلُواْ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فِي ٱلۡمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقۡرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطۡهُرۡنَۖ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرۡنَ فَأۡتُوهُنَّ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ أَمَرَكُمُ ٱللَّهُۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلتَّوَّـٰبِينَ وَيُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُتَطَهِّرِينَ

They ask you about menstruation. Say: ‘It is harmful. Withdraw from women in menstruation, and do not go near them until they are clean. When they have cleansed themselves, come to them as God has commanded you.’ Surely God loves those who turn (in repentance), and He loves those who purify themselves.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَطۡهُرۡنَ

they are clean

Variant Reading

يَطَّهَّرْنَ

they are cleansed

The Hafs reading uses the Form I verb (yathurna) indicating the cessation of menstruation (being clean), while the variant uses the assimilated Form V verb (yattahharna) denoting the active process of ritual purification or bathing (ghusl).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Shu'bah

Al-Baqarah 2:233

۞وَٱلۡوَٰلِدَٰتُ يُرۡضِعۡنَ أَوۡلَٰدَهُنَّ حَوۡلَيۡنِ كَامِلَيۡنِۖ لِمَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ ٱلرَّضَاعَةَۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمَوۡلُودِ لَهُۥ رِزۡقُهُنَّ وَكِسۡوَتُهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفۡسٌ إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۚ لَا تُضَآرَّ وَٰلِدَةُۢ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوۡلُودٞ لَّهُۥ بِوَلَدِهِۦۚ وَعَلَى ٱلۡوَارِثِ مِثۡلُ ذَٰلِكَۗ فَإِنۡ أَرَادَا فِصَالًا عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنۡهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٖ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡهِمَاۗ وَإِنۡ أَرَدتُّمۡ أَن تَسۡتَرۡضِعُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَكُمۡ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِذَا سَلَّمۡتُم مَّآ ءَاتَيۡتُم بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ

Mothers shall nurse their children for two full years, for those who wish to complete the nursing (period). (It is an obligation) on the father for him (to supply) their provision and their clothing rightfully. No one is to be burdened beyond their capacity. A mother is not to suffer on account of her child, nor a father on account of his child. The (father’s) heir has a similar (obligation) to that. If the two of them wish, by mutual consent and consultation, to wean (the child earlier), (there is) no blame on (either of) them. And if you wish to seek nursing for your children, (there is) no blame on you, provided you pay what you have rightfully promised. Guard (yourselves) against God, and know that God sees what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تُضَآرَّ

is not to suffer

Variant Reading

تُضَآرُّ

is (supposed to be) harmed

The verb ending changes from a fatha (jussive mood indicating prohibition) to a damma (indicative mood indicating negation).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Baqarah 2:240

وَٱلَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوۡنَ مِنكُمۡ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزۡوَٰجٗا وَصِيَّةٗ لِّأَزۡوَٰجِهِم مَّتَٰعًا إِلَى ٱلۡحَوۡلِ غَيۡرَ إِخۡرَاجٖۚ فَإِنۡ خَرَجۡنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي مَا فَعَلۡنَ فِيٓ أَنفُسِهِنَّ مِن مَّعۡرُوفٖۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ

Those of you who (are about to be) taken, and (are going to) leave behind wives, (let them make) a bequest for their wives: provision for the year without evicting (them from their homes). But if they do leave, (there is) no blame on you for what they may rightfully do with themselves. God is mighty, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَصِيَّةٗ

(let them make) a bequest

Variant Reading

وَصِيَّةٞ

a bequest (is ordained upon them)

Hafs reads 'waṣiyyatan' in the accusative case, implying a hidden verb '(let them make) a bequest'. The variant reads 'waṣiyyatun' in the nominative case, acting as a subject with a hidden predicate, meaning 'a bequest (is an obligation)'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:245

مَّن ذَا ٱلَّذِي يُقۡرِضُ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗا فَيُضَٰعِفَهُۥ لَهُۥٓ أَضۡعَافٗا كَثِيرَةٗۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَقۡبِضُ وَيَبۡصُۜطُ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Who is the one who will lend to God a good loan, and He will double it for him many times? God withdraws and extends, and to Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيُضَٰعِفَهُۥ

will double it

Variant Reading

فَيُضَٰعِفُهُۥ

may multiply it

The final vowel on the verb changes from a fatha (mansub/subjunctive) in Hafs to a damma (marfu'/indicative) in the variant, altering the grammatical function of the conjunction 'fa'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُونَ

youpl return

The verb changes from the passive 'turja'un' (you will be returned) to the active 'tarji'un' (you return) due to a change in vowels on the letters Taa and Jeem.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:249

فَلَمَّا فَصَلَ طَالُوتُ بِٱلۡجُنُودِ قَالَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُبۡتَلِيكُم بِنَهَرٖ فَمَن شَرِبَ مِنۡهُ فَلَيۡسَ مِنِّي وَمَن لَّمۡ يَطۡعَمۡهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ مِنِّيٓ إِلَّا مَنِ ٱغۡتَرَفَ غُرۡفَةَۢ بِيَدِهِۦۚ فَشَرِبُواْ مِنۡهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّنۡهُمۡۚ فَلَمَّا جَاوَزَهُۥ هُوَ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥ قَالُواْ لَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا ٱلۡيَوۡمَ بِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِۦۚ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُم مُّلَٰقُواْ ٱللَّهِ كَم مِّن فِئَةٖ قَلِيلَةٍ غَلَبَتۡ فِئَةٗ كَثِيرَةَۢ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ

When Ṭālūt set out with his forces, he said, ‘Surely God is going to test you by means of a river. Whoever drinks from it is not on my side, but whoever does not taste it is surely on my side, except for whoever scoops (it) up with his hand.’ But they (all) drank from it, except for a few. So when he crossed it, he and those who believed with him, they said, ‘We have no strength today against Jālūt and his forces.’ But those who thought that they would meet God said, ‘How many a small cohort has overcome a large cohort by the permission of God? God is with the patient.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

غُرۡفَةَۢ

scoops (it) up

Variant Reading

غَرْفَةَۢ

a (single) scoop

The vowel on the ghayn changes from a damma (ghurfatan) to a fatha (gharfatan). 'Ghurfatan' refers to the physical handful of water scooped, while 'gharfatan' is a noun of single instance (ism marrah) referring to a single act of scooping.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Al-Baqarah 2:259

أَوۡ كَٱلَّذِي مَرَّ عَلَىٰ قَرۡيَةٖ وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا قَالَ أَنَّىٰ يُحۡيِۦ هَٰذِهِ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَاۖ فَأَمَاتَهُ ٱللَّهُ مِاْئَةَ عَامٖ ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُۥۖ قَالَ كَمۡ لَبِثۡتَۖ قَالَ لَبِثۡتُ يَوۡمًا أَوۡ بَعۡضَ يَوۡمٖۖ قَالَ بَل لَّبِثۡتَ مِاْئَةَ عَامٖ فَٱنظُرۡ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمۡ يَتَسَنَّهۡۖ وَٱنظُرۡ إِلَىٰ حِمَارِكَ وَلِنَجۡعَلَكَ ءَايَةٗ لِّلنَّاسِۖ وَٱنظُرۡ إِلَى ٱلۡعِظَامِ كَيۡفَ نُنشِزُهَا ثُمَّ نَكۡسُوهَا لَحۡمٗاۚ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُۥ قَالَ أَعۡلَمُ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ

Or (have you not considered) the example of the one who passed by a town that had collapsed in ruins? He said, ‘How will God give this (town) life after its death?’ So God caused him to die for a hundred years, (and) then raised him up. He said, ‘How long have you remained (dead)?’ He said, ‘I have remained (dead) for a day or part of a day.’ He said, ‘No! You have remained (dead) for a hundred years. Look at your food and drink, it has not spoiled, and look at your donkey – and (this happened) so that We might make you a sign to the people – and look at the bones, how We raise them up, (and) then clothe them with flesh.’ So when it became clear to him, he said, ‘I know that God is powerful over everything.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَعۡلَمُ

I know

Variant Reading

ٱعۡلَمۡ

Know

The verb changes from a first-person present indicative statement 'I know' (a'lamu) to a second-person imperative command 'Know!' (i'lam).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Baqarah 2:262

ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتۡبِعُونَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ مَنّٗا وَلَآ أَذٗى لَّهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Those who contribute their wealth in the way of God, (and) then do not follow up what they have contributed (with) insult and injury, for them – their reward is with their Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

fear shall ever be

The case of the word changes from nominative (khawfun) to accusative (khawfa). This makes the preceding 'laa' an absolute negation of the genus (laa al-naafiyah lil-jins), emphasizing that there will be absolutely no fear whatsoever upon them.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:269

يُؤۡتِي ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَمَن يُؤۡتَ ٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ فَقَدۡ أُوتِيَ خَيۡرٗا كَثِيرٗاۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّآ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ

He gives wisdom to whomever He pleases, and whoever is given wisdom has been given much good. Yet no one takes heed except those with understanding.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُؤۡتَ

is given

Variant Reading

يُؤۡتِ

He brings

The vowel on the letter taa changes from a fatha (indicating a passive verb) to a kasrah (indicating an active verb). This shifts the meaning from 'whoever is given' to 'whoever He (Allah) gives/brings'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:274

ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَهُم بِٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ سِرّٗا وَعَلَانِيَةٗ فَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Those who contribute their wealth in the night and in the day, in secret and in open, for them – their reward is with their Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The vowel changes from a nominative tanwin (khawfun) to an accusative fatha (khawfa). This changes the grammar to absolute negation (lā li-nafy al-jins), strengthening the meaning to 'no fear whatsoever shall ever be'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:277

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُاْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرُهُمۡ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ وَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Surely those who believe and do righteous deeds, and observe the prayer and give the alms, for them – their reward is with their Lord. (There will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

fear shall ever be

The noun changes from the nominative case ('khawfun' with tanween) to the accusative case ('khawfa' without tanween). This changes the grammatical structure so that the preceding 'La' functions as an absolute negation of the genus (La al-nafiyah li al-jins), meaning absolutely no fear shall ever exist for them.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Baqarah 2:279

فَإِن لَّمۡ تَفۡعَلُواْ فَأۡذَنُواْ بِحَرۡبٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ وَإِن تُبۡتُمۡ فَلَكُمۡ رُءُوسُ أَمۡوَٰلِكُمۡ لَا تَظۡلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظۡلَمُونَ

If you do not, be on notice of war from God and His messenger. But if you turn (in repentance), you will have your principal. You will not have committed evil or been done evil.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَأۡذَنُواْ

be on notice

Variant Reading

فَآذِنُواْ

then inform

The Hafs reading uses the Form I verb 'fa'dhanū' with a fatha and sukun, meaning 'to know' or 'be on notice'. The variant uses the Form IV verb 'fa'ādhinū' with a madda and kasrah, meaning 'to inform', 'declare', or 'give notice' to others.

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad, Shu'bah

Al-Baqarah 2:282

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيۡنٍ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى فَٱكۡتُبُوهُۚ وَلۡيَكۡتُب بَّيۡنَكُمۡ كَاتِبُۢ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ كَاتِبٌ أَن يَكۡتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ ٱللَّهُۚ فَلۡيَكۡتُبۡ وَلۡيُمۡلِلِ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ وَلۡيَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّهُۥ وَلَا يَبۡخَسۡ مِنۡهُ شَيۡـٔٗاۚ فَإِن كَانَ ٱلَّذِي عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡحَقُّ سَفِيهًا أَوۡ ضَعِيفًا أَوۡ لَا يَسۡتَطِيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلۡيُمۡلِلۡ وَلِيُّهُۥ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِۚ وَٱسۡتَشۡهِدُواْ شَهِيدَيۡنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمۡۖ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيۡنِ فَرَجُلٞ وَٱمۡرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرۡضَوۡنَ مِنَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰۚ وَلَا يَأۡبَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُواْۚ وَلَا تَسۡـَٔمُوٓاْ أَن تَكۡتُبُوهُ صَغِيرًا أَوۡ كَبِيرًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَقۡسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأَقۡوَمُ لِلشَّهَٰدَةِ وَأَدۡنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَرۡتَابُوٓاْ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً حَاضِرَةٗ تُدِيرُونَهَا بَيۡنَكُمۡ فَلَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكۡتُبُوهَاۗ وَأَشۡهِدُوٓاْ إِذَا تَبَايَعۡتُمۡۚ وَلَا يُضَآرَّ كَاتِبٞ وَلَا شَهِيدٞۚ وَإِن تَفۡعَلُواْ فَإِنَّهُۥ فُسُوقُۢ بِكُمۡۗ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ ٱللَّهُۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٞ

You who believe! When you contract a debt with one another for a fixed term, write it down. Let a scribe write it down fairly between you, and let the scribe not refuse to write it down, seeing that God has taught him. So let him write, and let the one who owes the debt dictate, and let him guard (himself) against God his Lord, and not diminish anything from it. If the one who owes the debt is weak of mind or body, or unable to dictate himself, let his ally dictate fairly. And call in two of your men as witnesses, or, if there are not two men, then one man and two women, from those present whom you approve of as witnesses, so that if one of the two women goes astray, the other will remind her. And let the witnesses not refuse when they are called on. Do not disdain to write it down, (however) small or large, with its due date. That is more upright in the sight of God, more reliable for witnessing (it), and (makes it) more likely that you will not be in doubt (afterwards) – unless it is an actual transaction you exchange among yourselves, and then there is no blame on you if you do not write it down. But take witnesses when you do business with each other. Only let the scribe or the witness not injure either party, or, if you do, that is wickedness on your part. So guard (yourselves) against God. God teaches you, and God has knowledge of everything.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ

so that if one of the two women goes astray, the other will remind her

Variant Reading

إِن تَضِلَّ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرُ

so that in case one of them errs, the other reminds her

The particle 'an' (that/lest) is read as 'in' (if/in case) with a kasrah, changing it to a conditional clause. Consequently, the verb 'fatudhakkira' (subjunctive) changes to 'fatudhakkiru' (indicative) with a dammah.

Ali 'Imran 3:19

إِنَّ ٱلدِّينَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡإِسۡلَٰمُۗ وَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡعِلۡمُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۗ وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلۡحِسَابِ

Surely the religion with God is Islam. Those who were given the Book did not differ until after the knowledge had come to them, (because of) envy among themselves. Whoever disbelieves in the signs of God – surely God is quick at the reckoning.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

إِنَّ

Surely

Variant Reading

أَنَّ

(And) that

Changing the kasra to a fatha on the initial hamza changes the particle from an emphatic sentence starter ('Surely') to a subordinating conjunction ('that'), grammatically connecting this statement to the action of 'bearing witness' in the preceding verse.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Ali 'Imran 3:23

أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ نَصِيبٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ يُدۡعَوۡنَ إِلَىٰ كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ ثُمَّ يَتَوَلَّىٰ فَرِيقٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ وَهُم مُّعۡرِضُونَ

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Book? They were called to the Book of God in order that it might judge between them. Then a group of them turned away in aversion.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لِيَحۡكُمَ

it might judge

Variant Reading

لِيُحۡكَمَ

it may be judged

The verb changes from the active voice (it judges) to the passive voice (it is judged) by altering the internal vowels while keeping the consonantal skeleton identical.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ali 'Imran 3:36

فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتۡهَا قَالَتۡ رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعۡتُهَآ أُنثَىٰ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتۡ وَلَيۡسَ ٱلذَّكَرُ كَٱلۡأُنثَىٰۖ وَإِنِّي سَمَّيۡتُهَا مَرۡيَمَ وَإِنِّيٓ أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ

And when she had delivered her, she said, ‘My Lord, surely I have delivered her, a female’ – God knew very well what she had delivered, (since) the male is not like the female – ’and I have named her Mary, and I seek refuge for her with You, and for her descendants, from the accursed Satan.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change of Person
Original (Hafs)

وَضَعَتۡ

she had delivered

Variant Reading

وَضَعۡتُ

I have delivered

The Hafs reading uses the 3rd person feminine 'waDa'at' (she delivered) as a divine parenthetical statement from Allah. The variant changes the vowels to 'waDa'tu' (I delivered), making the phrase a continuation of the mother's own direct speech.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

Ali 'Imran 3:37

فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِقَبُولٍ حَسَنٖ وَأَنۢبَتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنٗا وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّاۖ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيۡهَا زَكَرِيَّا ٱلۡمِحۡرَابَ وَجَدَ عِندَهَا رِزۡقٗاۖ قَالَ يَٰمَرۡيَمُ أَنَّىٰ لَكِ هَٰذَاۖ قَالَتۡ هُوَ مِنۡ عِندِ ٱللَّهِۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَرۡزُقُ مَن يَشَآءُ بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٍ

So her Lord accepted her fully and caused her to grow up well, and Zachariah took charge of her. Whenever Zachariah entered upon her (in) the place of prayer, he found a provision (of food) with her. He said, ‘Mary! Where does this (food) come to you from?’ She said, ‘It is from God. Surely God provides for whomever He pleases without reckoning.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا

Zachariah took charge of her

Variant Reading

كَفَلَهَا زَكَرِيَّآءُ

Zechariah sponsored her

Hafs reads the verb with a shadda (kaffalaha) as a Form II causative, making Allah the subject and Zachariah the object (accusative). The variant reads it without a shadda (kafalaha) as Form I, making Zechariah the explicit subject (nominative), which also changes the ending of his name to a hamza with a damma.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:39

فَنَادَتۡهُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَهُوَ قَآئِمٞ يُصَلِّي فِي ٱلۡمِحۡرَابِ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكَ بِيَحۡيَىٰ مُصَدِّقَۢا بِكَلِمَةٖ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَسَيِّدٗا وَحَصُورٗا وَنَبِيّٗا مِّنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ

And the angels called him while he was standing, praying in the place of prayer: ‘God gives you good news of John, confirming a word from God. (He will be) a man of honor, and an ascetic, and a prophet from among the righteous.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّ

[that]

Variant Reading

إِنَّ

Indeed

Hafs reads with a fathah on the hamzah (أَنَّ - anna), making it a subordinate clause indicating the content of the call ('that God...'). The variant reads with a kasrah (إِنَّ - inna), treating it as the beginning of a new, direct quoted statement ('Indeed, Allah...').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Ali 'Imran 3:47

قَالَتۡ رَبِّ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي وَلَدٞ وَلَمۡ يَمۡسَسۡنِي بَشَرٞۖ قَالَ كَذَٰلِكِ ٱللَّهُ يَخۡلُقُ مَا يَشَآءُۚ إِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

She said, ‘My Lord, how shall I have a child, when no man has touched me?’ He said, ‘So (it will be)! God creates whatever He pleases. When He decrees something, He simply says to it, “Be!” and it is.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The verb 'yakun' changes from the indicative mood (marfu') with a damma to the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha, functioning as a resultative clause.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Ali 'Imran 3:49

وَرَسُولًا إِلَىٰ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَـٰٓءِيلَ أَنِّي قَدۡ جِئۡتُكُم بِـَٔايَةٖ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ أَنِّيٓ أَخۡلُقُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلطِّينِ كَهَيۡـَٔةِ ٱلطَّيۡرِ فَأَنفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيۡرَۢا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَأُبۡرِئُ ٱلۡأَكۡمَهَ وَٱلۡأَبۡرَصَ وَأُحۡيِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا تَأۡكُلُونَ وَمَا تَدَّخِرُونَ فِي بُيُوتِكُمۡۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَةٗ لَّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ

And (He will make him) a messenger to the Sons of Israel. ‘Surely I have brought you a sign from your Lord: I shall create for you the form of a bird from clay. Then I will breathe into it and it will become a bird by the permission of God. And I shall heal the blind and the leper, and give the dead life by the permission of God. And I shall inform you of what you may eat, and what you may store up in your houses. Surely in that is a sign indeed for you, if you are believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنِّيٓ

I

Variant Reading

إِنِّيٓ

I truly

Changing the fat-ha on the hamza (أَنِّي) to a kasrah (إِنِّي) shifts the syntax from a subordinate explanatory clause (apposition) to an independent declarative sentence.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:79

مَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُؤۡتِيَهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحُكۡمَ وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلنَّاسِ كُونُواْ عِبَادٗا لِّي مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلَٰكِن كُونُواْ رَبَّـٰنِيِّـۧنَ بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تُعَلِّمُونَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَبِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَدۡرُسُونَ

It is not (possible) for a human being that God should give him the Book, and the judgment, and the prophetic office, (and) then he should say to the people, ‘Be my servants instead of God’s.’ Rather (he would say), ‘Be rabbis by what you have been teaching of the Book and by what you have been studying (of it).’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تُعَلِّمُونَ

teaching

Variant Reading

تَعْلَمُونَ

know

The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb 'tu'allimūna' (teaching), whereas the variant uses the Form I verb 'ta'lamūna' (knowing). This shifts the meaning from instructing others in the Book to possessing knowledge of it.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:81

وَإِذۡ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَٰقَ ٱلنَّبِيِّـۧنَ لَمَآ ءَاتَيۡتُكُم مِّن كِتَٰبٖ وَحِكۡمَةٖ ثُمَّ جَآءَكُمۡ رَسُولٞ مُّصَدِّقٞ لِّمَا مَعَكُمۡ لَتُؤۡمِنُنَّ بِهِۦ وَلَتَنصُرُنَّهُۥۚ قَالَ ءَأَقۡرَرۡتُمۡ وَأَخَذۡتُمۡ عَلَىٰ ذَٰلِكُمۡ إِصۡرِيۖ قَالُوٓاْ أَقۡرَرۡنَاۚ قَالَ فَٱشۡهَدُواْ وَأَنَا۠ مَعَكُم مِّنَ ٱلشَّـٰهِدِينَ

(Remember) when God took a covenant with the prophets: ‘Whatever indeed I have given you of the Book and wisdom, when a messenger comes to you confirming what is with you, you are to believe in him and you are to help him.’ He said, ‘Do you agree and accept My burden on that (condition)?’ They said, ‘We agree.’ He said, ‘Bear witness, and I shall be with you among the witnesses.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَمَآ

Whatever indeed

Variant Reading

لِمَآ

Because of what

The letter Lām changes its vowel from a fatḥah (la), acting as an emphatic particle, to a kasrah (li), acting as a preposition of reason. This shifts the meaning from 'Whatever indeed' to 'Because of what'.

Ali 'Imran 3:83

أَفَغَيۡرَ دِينِ ٱللَّهِ يَبۡغُونَ وَلَهُۥٓ أَسۡلَمَ مَن فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ طَوۡعٗا وَكَرۡهٗا وَإِلَيۡهِ يُرۡجَعُونَ

Do they desire a religion other than God’s, when whoever is in the heavens and the earth has submitted to Him, willingly or unwillingly, and to Him they will be returned?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡجَعُونَ

they will be returned

Variant Reading

يَرۡجِعُونَ

they return

The verb shifts from the passive voice in Hafs (yurjaʿūna - they will be returned) to the active voice in the variant (yarjiʿūna - they return) through a change in the diacritical vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Ali 'Imran 3:93

۞كُلُّ ٱلطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلّٗا لِّبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَـٰٓءِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسۡرَـٰٓءِيلُ عَلَىٰ نَفۡسِهِۦ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن تُنَزَّلَ ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةُۚ قُلۡ فَأۡتُواْ بِٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةِ فَٱتۡلُوهَآ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ

All food was permitted to the Sons of Israel, except for what Israel forbade himself before the Torah was sent down. Say: ‘Bring the Torah and read it, if you are truthful.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تُنَزَّلَ

was sent down

Variant Reading

تُنزَلَ

was sent down

Hafs uses the Form II passive verb (tunazzala) which implies gradual revelation, while the variant uses the Form IV passive verb (tunzala) which can imply sending down all at once.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ali 'Imran 3:124

إِذۡ تَقُولُ لِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ أَلَن يَكۡفِيَكُمۡ أَن يُمِدَّكُمۡ رَبُّكُم بِثَلَٰثَةِ ءَالَٰفٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ مُنزَلِينَ

(Remember) when you said to the believers, ‘Is it not sufficient for you that your Lord increases you with three thousand angels (specially) sent down?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُنزَلِينَ

sent down

Variant Reading

مُنَزَّلِينَ

bestowed from on high

The word changes from a Form IV passive participle (munzalīn - sent down) in Hafs to a Form II passive participle (munazzalīn - sent down intensively/abundantly or bestowed from on high) in the variant, indicated by the addition of a shaddah and fatha on the zay.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Ali 'Imran 3:125

بَلَىٰٓۚ إِن تَصۡبِرُواْ وَتَتَّقُواْ وَيَأۡتُوكُم مِّن فَوۡرِهِمۡ هَٰذَا يُمۡدِدۡكُمۡ رَبُّكُم بِخَمۡسَةِ ءَالَٰفٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ مُسَوِّمِينَ

Yes indeed! If you are patient and guard (yourselves), and they come against you suddenly, your Lord will increase you with five thousand angels (specially) designated.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُسَوِّمِينَ

(specially) designated

Variant Reading

مُسَوَّمِينَ

marked

The word changes from an active participle (musawwimeen, 'those who mark or designate') to a passive participle (musawwameen, 'those who are marked') by changing the kasra to a fatha on the waw.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:146

وَكَأَيِّن مِّن نَّبِيّٖ قَٰتَلَ مَعَهُۥ رِبِّيُّونَ كَثِيرٞ فَمَا وَهَنُواْ لِمَآ أَصَابَهُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا ضَعُفُواْ وَمَا ٱسۡتَكَانُواْۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُحِبُّ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ

How many a prophet has fought, (and along) with him (fought) many thousands? Yet they did not weaken at what smote them in the way of God. They were not weak nor did they humiliate themselves. God loves the patient.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

قَٰتَلَ

fought

Variant Reading

قُتِلَ

killed

The verb changes from the active 'qātala' (fought) to the passive 'qutila' (was killed/martyred). The rasm (base letters) remains the same 'قتل', but the change in vowels and omission of the dagger alif shifts the meaning from engaging in battle to being killed in battle.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:151

سَنُلۡقِي فِي قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلرُّعۡبَ بِمَآ أَشۡرَكُواْ بِٱللَّهِ مَا لَمۡ يُنَزِّلۡ بِهِۦ سُلۡطَٰنٗاۖ وَمَأۡوَىٰهُمُ ٱلنَّارُۖ وَبِئۡسَ مَثۡوَى ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

We shall cast dread into the hearts of those who disbelieve, because they have associated with God what He has not sent down any authority for. Their refuge is the Fire. Evil is the dwelling place of the evildoers!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلۡ

sent down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلۡ

sent down

The Hafs recitation uses the Form II verb يُنَزِّلۡ (yunazzil), which can imply a gradual or repeated sending down, whereas the variant uses the Form IV verb يُنزِلۡ (yunzil), which indicates a single, absolute act of sending down.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ali 'Imran 3:161

وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَن يَغُلَّۚ وَمَن يَغۡلُلۡ يَأۡتِ بِمَا غَلَّ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۚ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ مَّا كَسَبَتۡ وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ

It is not for a prophet to defraud. Whoever defrauds will bring what he has defrauded on the Day of Resurrection. Then everyone will be paid in full what they have earned – and they will not be done evil.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَغُلَّ

to defraud

Variant Reading

يُغَلَّ

to be defrauded

The verb changes from the active voice (yaghulla) to the passive voice (yughalla) through a change in vowels, shifting the meaning from a prophet committing fraud to a prophet being defrauded.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

Ali 'Imran 3:168

ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُواْ لِإِخۡوَٰنِهِمۡ وَقَعَدُواْ لَوۡ أَطَاعُونَا مَا قُتِلُواْۗ قُلۡ فَٱدۡرَءُواْ عَنۡ أَنفُسِكُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَٰدِقِينَ

those who said of their brothers, when they (themselves) sat (at home), ‘If they had obeyed us, they would not have been killed.’ Say: ‘Avert death from yourselves, if you are truthful.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قُتِلُواْ

been killed

Variant Reading

قُتِّلُواْ

been relentlessly killed

The addition of a shaddah on the letter ta' changes the verb from Form I (qutilū) to the intensive Form II (quttilū). This shifts the meaning from simply 'being killed' to being 'massacred' or 'relentlessly killed'.

Read by:

Hisham

Ali 'Imran 3:169

وَلَا تَحۡسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أَمۡوَٰتَۢاۚ بَلۡ أَحۡيَآءٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ يُرۡزَقُونَ

Do not think of those who have been killed in the way of God as dead. No! (They are) alive with their Lord (and) provided for,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قُتِلُواْ

killed

Variant Reading

قُتِّلُواْ

relentlessly killed

The variant adds a shadda on the letter taa (changing the verb to Form II), which shifts the meaning from simply being killed to being killed intensely or relentlessly.

Read by:

Ibn Dhakwan

Ali 'Imran 3:170

فَرِحِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِن فَضۡلِهِۦ وَيَسۡتَبۡشِرُونَ بِٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَلۡحَقُواْ بِهِم مِّنۡ خَلۡفِهِمۡ أَلَّا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

gloating over what God has given them of his favor, and welcoming the good news about those who have not (yet) joined them of those who stayed behind – that (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The noun changes from the nominative case with tanween (khawfun) to the accusative case without tanween (khawfa). This changes the particle 'la' into the absolute negation of the genus, expressing a categorical denial that any fear shall ever exist.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Ali 'Imran 3:195

فَٱسۡتَجَابَ لَهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ أَنِّي لَآ أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَٰمِلٖ مِّنكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوۡ أُنثَىٰۖ بَعۡضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡضٖۖ فَٱلَّذِينَ هَاجَرُواْ وَأُخۡرِجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِمۡ وَأُوذُواْ فِي سَبِيلِي وَقَٰتَلُواْ وَقُتِلُواْ لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنۡهُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِمۡ وَلَأُدۡخِلَنَّهُمۡ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ ثَوَابٗا مِّنۡ عِندِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱللَّهُ عِندَهُۥ حُسۡنُ ٱلثَّوَابِ

And their Lord responded to them: ‘Surely I do not let a deed of anyone of you go to waste – whether male or female – you are all alike. Those who have emigrated, and were expelled from their homes, and suffered harm in My way, and have fought and been killed – I shall indeed absolve them of their evil deeds, and I shall indeed cause them to enter Gardens through which rivers flow. A reward from God! God – with Him is the best reward.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَقُتِلُواْ

been killed

Variant Reading

وَقُتِّلُواْ

were relentlessly killed

The variant adds a shaddah to the letter ta', changing the verb from Form I to the intensified Form II. This shifts the meaning from simply 'being killed' to 'being killed relentlessly' or in large numbers.

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul

An-Nisa 4:1

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفۡسٖ وَٰحِدَةٖ وَخَلَقَ مِنۡهَا زَوۡجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنۡهُمَا رِجَالٗا كَثِيرٗا وَنِسَآءٗۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِي تَسَآءَلُونَ بِهِۦ وَٱلۡأَرۡحَامَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ رَقِيبٗا

People! Guard (yourselves) against your Lord, who created you from one person, and from him created his wife, and scattered from the two of them many men and women. And guard (yourselves) against God, whom you ask each other questions about, and (guard yourselves against) the wombs. Surely God is watching over you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡأَرۡحَامَ

and (guard yourselves against) the wombs

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡأَرۡحَامِ

and the name of the wombs

The vowel on the final letter changes from a fathah (accusative case) to a kasrah (genitive case). In Hafs, it is an object of caution ('fear Allah and the wombs'). In the variant, it coordinates with the pronoun 'Him' ('ask by Allah and by the wombs').

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

An-Nisa 4:3

وَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا تُقۡسِطُواْ فِي ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ فَٱنكِحُواْ مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ مَثۡنَىٰ وَثُلَٰثَ وَرُبَٰعَۖ فَإِنۡ خِفۡتُمۡ أَلَّا تَعۡدِلُواْ فَوَٰحِدَةً أَوۡ مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدۡنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعُولُواْ

If you fear that you will not act fairly toward the orphan girls, marry what seems good to you of the women: two, or three, or four. But if you fear that you will not be fair, (marry only) one, or what your right (hands) own. That (will make it) more likely that you will not be biased.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَوَٰحِدَةً

(marry only) one

Variant Reading

فَوَٰحِدَةٌ

then (only) one (is enough)

The word changes from accusative (mansub), implying the hidden verb 'marry one', to nominative (marfu'), meaning 'one is enough'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

An-Nisa 4:10

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَأۡكُلُونَ أَمۡوَٰلَ ٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ ظُلۡمًا إِنَّمَا يَأۡكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمۡ نَارٗاۖ وَسَيَصۡلَوۡنَ سَعِيرٗا

Surely those who consume the property of the orphans in an evil manner, they only consume fire in their bellies, and they will burn in a blazing (Fire).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

وَسَيَصۡلَوۡنَ

they will burn

Variant Reading

وَسَيُصۡلَوۡنَ

they will be roasted

The verb changes from the active 'yaṣlawna' (they will burn) to the passive 'yuṣlawna' (they will be roasted) by changing the vowel on the first letter (ya) from a fatha to a dammah.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Shu'bah

An-Nisa 4:11

يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِيٓ أَوۡلَٰدِكُمۡۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءٗ فَوۡقَ ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۖ وَإِن كَانَتۡ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصۡفُۚ وَلِأَبَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٖ مِّنۡهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٞۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ يَكُن لَّهُۥ وَلَدٞ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخۡوَةٞ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُۚ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٖ يُوصِي بِهَآ أَوۡ دَيۡنٍۗ ءَابَآؤُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ لَا تَدۡرُونَ أَيُّهُمۡ أَقۡرَبُ لَكُمۡ نَفۡعٗاۚ فَرِيضَةٗ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا

God charges you concerning your children: to the male, a share equal to two females. But if they be (only) women, more than two, then to them two-thirds of what he leaves. But if there be (only) one, then to her a half. And to his parents, to each of them, a sixth of what he leaves, if he has children. But if he has no children, and his heirs are his parents, then to his mother a third. And if he has brothers, then to his mother the sixth, after any bequest he may have made or any debt (has been paid). Whether your fathers or your sons are of most benefit to you, you do not know. (This is) an obligation from God. Surely God is knowing, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُوصِي

he may have made

Variant Reading

يُوصَىٰ

is bequeathed

The verb changes from the active 'yūṣī' (he makes a bequest) to the passive 'yūṣā' (is bequeathed).

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Shu'bah

An-Nisa 4:19

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمۡ أَن تَرِثُواْ ٱلنِّسَآءَ كَرۡهٗاۖ وَلَا تَعۡضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذۡهَبُواْ بِبَعۡضِ مَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ إِلَّآ أَن يَأۡتِينَ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ مُّبَيِّنَةٖۚ وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِۚ فَإِن كَرِهۡتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَىٰٓ أَن تَكۡرَهُواْ شَيۡـٔٗا وَيَجۡعَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيۡرٗا كَثِيرٗا

You who believe! It is not permitted to you to inherit women against their will. And do not prevent them, so that you may take part of what you have given them, unless they commit clear immorality. Associate with them rightfully. If you dislike them, it may be that you dislike something in which God has placed much good.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُّبَيِّنَةٖ

clear

Variant Reading

مُّبَيَّنَةٖ

evidenced

The active participle 'mubayyinah' (manifesting/clear) is read as the passive participle 'mubayyanah' (made clear/evidenced) by changing the vowel on the ya' from a kasrah to a fathah.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul, Shu'bah

An-Nisa 4:24

۞وَٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡۖ كِتَٰبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَآءَ ذَٰلِكُمۡ أَن تَبۡتَغُواْ بِأَمۡوَٰلِكُم مُّحۡصِنِينَ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَۚ فَمَا ٱسۡتَمۡتَعۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۡهُنَّ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةٗۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِيمَا تَرَٰضَيۡتُم بِهِۦ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ٱلۡفَرِيضَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗا

And (also forbidden to you are) married women, except what your right (hands) own. (This is) a written decree of God for you. (All women) beyond that are permitted to you to seek (to obtain) by means of your wealth, taking (them) in marriage, not in immorality. So (because of) what you enjoy from them in this way, give them their marriage gifts as an obligation. (There is) no blame on you in anything you may give them by mutual agreement beyond this obligation. Surely God is knowing, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

وَأُحِلَّ

are permitted

Variant Reading

وَأَحَلَّ

He has made lawful

The verb changes from the passive 'uhilla' (are permitted) to the active 'ahalla' (He has made lawful), shifting the subject explicitly to God.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:29

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَأۡكُلُوٓاْ أَمۡوَٰلَكُم بَيۡنَكُم بِٱلۡبَٰطِلِ إِلَّآ أَن تَكُونَ تِجَٰرَةً عَن تَرَاضٖ مِّنكُمۡۚ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَنفُسَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمۡ رَحِيمٗا

You who believe! Do not consume your property among yourselves by means of falsehood, but (let there) be a transaction among you by mutual agreement. And do not kill one another. Surely God is compassionate with you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تِجَٰرَةً

a transaction

Variant Reading

تِجَٰرَةٌ

a bargain

The word changes from the accusative case (tijāratan) to the nominative case (tijāratun). In Hafs, the verb 'takūna' is incomplete (nāqiṣah), making 'transaction' its predicate. In the variant, 'takūna' is complete (tāmmah), meaning 'to exist' or 'to occur', making 'bargain' its subject.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:31

إِن تَجۡتَنِبُواْ كَبَآئِرَ مَا تُنۡهَوۡنَ عَنۡهُ نُكَفِّرۡ عَنكُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡ وَنُدۡخِلۡكُم مُّدۡخَلٗا كَرِيمٗا

If you avoid the gross (sins) of what you are forbidden (to commit), We shall absolve you of your (other) evil deeds, and We shall cause you to enter (through) an entrance of honor.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُّدۡخَلٗا

an entrance

Variant Reading

مَّدْخَلاٗ

an entrance

The vowel on the 'meem' changes from damma (mudkhalan) to fatha (madkhalan), shifting the noun of place/action from Form IV (a place/state of being caused to enter) to Form I (a place/state of entering).

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:34

ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّـٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡۚ فَٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٞ لِّلۡغَيۡبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُۚ وَٱلَّـٰتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهۡجُرُوهُنَّ فِي ٱلۡمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضۡرِبُوهُنَّۖ فَإِنۡ أَطَعۡنَكُمۡ فَلَا تَبۡغُواْ عَلَيۡهِنَّ سَبِيلًاۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيّٗا كَبِيرٗا

Men are supervisors of women because God has favored some of them over others, and because they have contributed from their wealth. Righteous women are obedient, watching over (affairs) in the absence (of their husbands) because God has watched over (them). (As for) those women whom you fear may be rebellious: admonish them, avoid them in bed, and (finally) strike them. If they obey you, do not seek (any further) way against them. Surely God is most high, great.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ

God has watched over

Variant Reading

حَفِظَ ٱللَّهَ

(the religion of) Allah has been preserved

The word 'Allah' changes from the nominative subject (marfu') in Hafs to the accusative object (mansub) in the variant. This shifts the meaning from 'God has watched over' to the wives 'preserving (the commands/religion of) Allah'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

An-Nisa 4:40

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظۡلِمُ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٖۖ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةٗ يُضَٰعِفۡهَا وَيُؤۡتِ مِن لَّدُنۡهُ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا

Surely God does not do (even) a speck’s weight of evil. If it is a good (deed), He doubles it, and gives from Himself a great reward.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

حَسَنَةٗ

a good (deed)

Variant Reading

حَسَنَةٞ

a good deed

In Hafs, 'ḥasanatan' is read in the accusative case (manṣūb) as the predicate of the verb 'taku' (meaning 'if it is a good deed'). In the variant, it is read in the nominative case ('ḥasanatun', marfū') as the subject of 'taku', making it a complete verb (meaning 'if there exists a good deed').

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:94

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا ضَرَبۡتُمۡ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُواْ وَلَا تَقُولُواْ لِمَنۡ أَلۡقَىٰٓ إِلَيۡكُمُ ٱلسَّلَٰمَ لَسۡتَ مُؤۡمِنٗا تَبۡتَغُونَ عَرَضَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا فَعِندَ ٱللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٞۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كُنتُم مِّن قَبۡلُ فَمَنَّ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَتَبَيَّنُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٗا

You who believe! When you strike forth in the way of God, be discerning, and do not say to the one who offers you peace, ‘You are not a believer,’ seeking (the fleeting) goods of this present life. For (there are) many spoils with God. You (too) were like that before, but God bestowed favor on you. So be discerning. Surely God is aware of what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُؤۡمِنٗا

a believer

Variant Reading

مُؤۡمَنٗا

granted security

The vowel on the second meem changes from a kasrah to a fathah, shifting the word from the active participle (mu'minan, 'a believer') to the passive participle (mu'manan, 'granted security').

Read by:

Ibn Wardan

An-Nisa 4:95

لَّا يَسۡتَوِي ٱلۡقَٰعِدُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ غَيۡرُ أُوْلِي ٱلضَّرَرِ وَٱلۡمُجَٰهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡۚ فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ بِأَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ دَرَجَةٗۚ وَكُلّٗا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَفَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ عَلَى ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ أَجۡرًا عَظِيمٗا

Those of the believers who sit (at home) – other than the injured – are not equal with the ones who struggle in the way of God with their wealth and their lives. God favors in rank the ones who struggle with their wealth and their lives over the ones who sit (at home). To each God has promised the good (reward), but God favors (with) a great reward the ones who struggle over the ones who sit (at home):

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

غَيْرُ

other than

Variant Reading

غَيْرَ

except for

Hafs reads 'ghayru' in the nominative case as an adjective modifying the subject 'al-qa'idun' (those who sit), whereas the variant reads 'ghayra' in the accusative case denoting an exception (istithna').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:124

وَمَن يَعۡمَلۡ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ مِن ذَكَرٍ أَوۡ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤۡمِنٞ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ يَدۡخُلُونَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظۡلَمُونَ نَقِيرٗا

But whoever does righteous deeds – whether male or female – and he is a believer, those will enter the Garden – and they will not be done evil in the slightest.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَدۡخُلُونَ

will enter

Variant Reading

يُدۡخَلُونَ

will be entered

The verb changes from the active voice 'yadkhulūna' (they will enter) to the passive voice 'yudkhalūna' (they will be entered/admitted).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Rawh, Shu'bah, Susi

An-Nisa 4:136

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ ءَامِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلۡكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِي نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلۡكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنزَلَ مِن قَبۡلُۚ وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَـٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ ضَلَٰلَۢا بَعِيدًا

You who believe! Believe in God and His messenger, and the Book He has sent down on His messenger, and the Book which He sent down before (this). Whoever disbelieves in God and His angels, and His Books and His messengers, and the Last Day, has gone very far astray.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

نَزَّلَ / أَنزَلَ

He has sent down / He sent down

Variant Reading

نُزِّلَ / أُنزِلَ

was bestowed upon / was sent down

The active verbs 'nazzala' and 'anzala' (He sent down) are read as passive verbs 'nuzzila' and 'unzila' (was sent down / was bestowed upon) due to a change in internal vowelization.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Susi

An-Nisa 4:140

وَقَدۡ نَزَّلَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَنۡ إِذَا سَمِعۡتُمۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ يُكۡفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسۡتَهۡزَأُ بِهَا فَلَا تَقۡعُدُواْ مَعَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُواْ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيۡرِهِۦٓ إِنَّكُمۡ إِذٗا مِّثۡلُهُمۡۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ جَامِعُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ وَٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ جَمِيعًا

He has already sent down on you in the Book: ‘When you hear the signs of God being disbelieved and mocked, do not sit with them until they banter about some other topic. Otherwise you will surely be like them.’ Surely God is going to gather the hypocrites and the disbelievers into Gehenna – all (of them).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

نَزَّلَ

He has already sent down

Variant Reading

نُزِّلَ

it has surely been bestowed

The verb changes from the active 'nazzala' (He sent down) to the passive 'nuzzila' (it has been sent down/bestowed).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

An-Nisa 4:153

يَسۡـَٔلُكَ أَهۡلُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ أَن تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ كِتَٰبٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِۚ فَقَدۡ سَأَلُواْ مُوسَىٰٓ أَكۡبَرَ مِن ذَٰلِكَ فَقَالُوٓاْ أَرِنَا ٱللَّهَ جَهۡرَةٗ فَأَخَذَتۡهُمُ ٱلصَّـٰعِقَةُ بِظُلۡمِهِمۡۚ ثُمَّ ٱتَّخَذُواْ ٱلۡعِجۡلَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَتۡهُمُ ٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتُ فَعَفَوۡنَا عَن ذَٰلِكَۚ وَءَاتَيۡنَا مُوسَىٰ سُلۡطَٰنٗا مُّبِينٗا

The People of the Book ask you to bring down on them a Book from the sky. They had already asked Moses for (something) greater than that, for they said, ‘Show us God openly!’ So the thunderbolt took them for their evildoing. Then they took the calf, after the clear signs had come to them. But We pardoned them for that, and We gave Moses clear authority.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تُنَزِّلَ

bring down

Variant Reading

تُنْزِلَ

send down

The verb changes from Form II (tunazzila) 'to bring down gradually' to Form IV (tunzila) 'to send down at once', indicated by the removal of the shadda and change in vowels.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Ma'idah 5:2

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تُحِلُّواْ شَعَـٰٓئِرَ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا ٱلشَّهۡرَ ٱلۡحَرَامَ وَلَا ٱلۡهَدۡيَ وَلَا ٱلۡقَلَـٰٓئِدَ وَلَآ ءَآمِّينَ ٱلۡبَيۡتَ ٱلۡحَرَامَ يَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلٗا مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡ وَرِضۡوَٰنٗاۚ وَإِذَا حَلَلۡتُمۡ فَٱصۡطَادُواْۚ وَلَا يَجۡرِمَنَّكُمۡ شَنَـَٔانُ قَوۡمٍ أَن صَدُّوكُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ أَن تَعۡتَدُواْۘ وَتَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى ٱلۡبِرِّ وَٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَلَا تَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى ٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡعُدۡوَٰنِۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ

You who believe! Do not profane the symbols of God, nor the sacred month, nor the offering, nor the ornaments, nor (those) going to the Sacred House seeking favor from their Lord and approval. But when you are free (from your state of sanctity), hunt (wild game). Do not let hatred of the people who kept you from (going to) the Sacred Mosque provoke you to commit aggression. Help one another to piety and the guarding (of yourselves), and do not help each other to sin and enmity. Guard (yourselves) against God. Surely God is harsh in retribution.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

شَنَـَٔانُ

hatred

Variant Reading

شَنۡـَٔانُ

hating

The fatha on the nun in Hafs (shana'aan) forms a verbal noun meaning 'hatred', while the sukoon in the variant (shan'aan) forms an adjective meaning 'hating'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَن

who

Variant Reading

إِن

if

The vowel change from a fatha on the hamza (أَن - an) to a kasra (إِن - in) changes the particle from indicating a past factual cause ('because' or translated contextually as 'who') to a conditional particle ('if').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:6

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا قُمۡتُمۡ إِلَى ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ فَٱغۡسِلُواْ وُجُوهَكُمۡ وَأَيۡدِيَكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡمَرَافِقِ وَٱمۡسَحُواْ بِرُءُوسِكُمۡ وَأَرۡجُلَكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡكَعۡبَيۡنِۚ وَإِن كُنتُمۡ جُنُبٗا فَٱطَّهَّرُواْۚ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرۡضَىٰٓ أَوۡ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوۡ جَآءَ أَحَدٞ مِّنكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡغَآئِطِ أَوۡ لَٰمَسۡتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمۡ تَجِدُواْ مَآءٗ فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيدٗا طَيِّبٗا فَٱمۡسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمۡ وَأَيۡدِيكُم مِّنۡهُۚ مَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيَجۡعَلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنۡ حَرَجٖ وَلَٰكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمۡ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعۡمَتَهُۥ عَلَيۡكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ

You who believe! When you stand up for the prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, and wipe your heads and your feet up to the ankles. If you are defiled, purify yourselves. If you are sick or on a journey, or if one of you has come from the toilet, or if you have touched women, and you do not find any water, take clean earth and wipe your faces and your hands with it. God does not wish to place any difficulty on you, but He wishes to purify you and to complete His blessing on you, so that you may be thankful.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَأَرۡجُلَكُمۡ

and your feet

Variant Reading

وَأَرۡجُلِكُمُۥ

and your feet

The vowel on the word 'feet' changes from an accusative fathah in Hafs to a genitive kasrah in the variant, changing its grammatical coordination from the washed body parts (faces/hands) to the wiped body part (heads).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:8

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُونُواْ قَوَّـٰمِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَآءَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۖ وَلَا يَجۡرِمَنَّكُمۡ شَنَـَٔانُ قَوۡمٍ عَلَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعۡدِلُواْۚ ٱعۡدِلُواْ هُوَ أَقۡرَبُ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرُۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ

You who believe! Be supervisors for God, witnesses in justice, and do not let hatred of a people provoke you to act unfairly. Act fairly! It is nearer to guarding (yourselves). Guard (yourselves) against God. Surely God is aware of what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

شَنَـَٔانُ

hatred

Variant Reading

شَنۡـَٔانُ

hating

The vowel on the letter nun changes from a fatha to a sukoon, shifting the word from a verbal noun meaning 'hatred' to an adjective meaning 'hating'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Shu'bah

Al-Ma'idah 5:45

وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيهَآ أَنَّ ٱلنَّفۡسَ بِٱلنَّفۡسِ وَٱلۡعَيۡنَ بِٱلۡعَيۡنِ وَٱلۡأَنفَ بِٱلۡأَنفِ وَٱلۡأُذُنَ بِٱلۡأُذُنِ وَٱلسِّنَّ بِٱلسِّنِّ وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٞۚ فَمَن تَصَدَّقَ بِهِۦ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ

We prescribed for them in it: ‘The life for the life, and the eye for the eye, and the nose for the nose, and the ear for the ear, and the tooth for the tooth, and (for) the wounds retaliation.’ But whoever remits it as a freewill offering, it will be an atonement for him. Whoever does not judge by what God has sent down, those – they are the evildoers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ

and the wounds

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡجُرُوحُ

and wounds

The variant reads the word in the nominative case (marfu') as an independent clause, whereas Hafs reads it in the accusative case (mansub) as a continuation of the previous clause governed by 'anna'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡجُرُوحَ

and (for) the wounds

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡجُرُوحُ

and for wounds

The word changes from accusative (fathah) in Hafs, continuing the list governed by 'anna', to nominative (dammah) in the variant, starting a new independent clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:47

وَلۡيَحۡكُمۡ أَهۡلُ ٱلۡإِنجِيلِ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فِيهِۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَحۡكُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ

So let the People of the Gospel judge by what God has sent down in it. Whoever does not judge by what God has sent down, those – they are the wicked.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلۡيَحۡكُمۡ

So let ... judge

Variant Reading

وَلِيَحۡكُمَ

And so that ... may judge

The Hafs reading uses the imperative Lam (Lam al-Amr) with a sukun and makes the verb jussive (majzum) with a sukun on the mim, functioning as a command. The variant reads the Lam with a kasrah (Lam al-Ta'lil/purpose) and the verb in the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha on the mim, expressing purpose or reason.

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Ma'idah 5:53

وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَهَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ ٱلَّذِينَ أَقۡسَمُواْ بِٱللَّهِ جَهۡدَ أَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ إِنَّهُمۡ لَمَعَكُمۡۚ حَبِطَتۡ أَعۡمَٰلُهُمۡ فَأَصۡبَحُواْ خَٰسِرِينَ

But those who believe will say, ‘Are these those who swore by God the most solemn of their oaths: (that) surely they were indeed with you? Their deeds have come to nothing, and they are the losers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَقُولُ

will say

Variant Reading

وَيَقُولَ

(hopefully) will say

The final vowel on the verb changes from a damma (indicative case) to a fatha (subjunctive case), slightly altering the syntactic connection to the preceding verse and adding a sense of hope or expectation in the translation.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:57

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَتَّخِذُواْ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّخَذُواْ دِينَكُمۡ هُزُوٗا وَلَعِبٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَٱلۡكُفَّارَ أَوۡلِيَآءَۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ

You who believe! Do not take those who take your religion in mockery and jest as allies, (either) from those who were given the Book before you, or (from) the disbelievers. Guard (yourselves) against God, if you are believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡكُفَّارَ

the disbelievers

Variant Reading

وَاَلۡكُفّ۪ارِ

from among the deniers

The terminal vowel changes from accusative (fatha) to genitive (kasra), shifting the grammatical conjunction from the direct object 'those who take your religion in mockery' to the prepositional phrase 'from those who were given the Book'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:60

قُلۡ هَلۡ أُنَبِّئُكُم بِشَرّٖ مِّن ذَٰلِكَ مَثُوبَةً عِندَ ٱللَّهِۚ مَن لَّعَنَهُ ٱللَّهُ وَغَضِبَ عَلَيۡهِ وَجَعَلَ مِنۡهُمُ ٱلۡقِرَدَةَ وَٱلۡخَنَازِيرَ وَعَبَدَ ٱلطَّـٰغُوتَۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ شَرّٞ مَّكَانٗا وَأَضَلُّ عَن سَوَآءِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ

Say: ‘Shall I inform you of (something) worse than that? Retribution with God! Whomever God has cursed, and whomever He is angry with – some of whom He made apes, and pigs, and slaves of al-Ṭāghūt – those are in a worse situation and farther astray from the right way.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَبَدَ ٱلطَّٰغُوتَ

slaves of al-Ṭāghūt

Variant Reading

عُبُدَ ٱلطَّٰغُوتِ

servants of false masters

Hafs uses the past-tense verb 'abada (worshipped) followed by the accusative object al-ṭāghūta (fathah). The variant (read by Hamzah) reads it as the plural noun 'ubuda (servants) in a construct state (Iḍāfah), which changes the following word to the genitive al-ṭāghūti (kasrah).

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Ma'idah 5:69

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْ وَٱلصَّـٰبِـُٔونَ وَٱلنَّصَٰرَىٰ مَنۡ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأٓخِرِ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Sabians, and the Christians – whoever believes in God and the Last Day, and does righteousness – (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَلَا خَوۡفٌ

no fear

Variant Reading

فَلَا خَوۡفَ

no fear shall ever be

The word 'khawf' changes from the nominative case (khawfun) to the accusative case (khawfa). In the variant, 'la' functions as the absolute categorical negation (la al-nafiya lil-jins), adding the emphatic meaning that no fear of any kind shall ever be upon them.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Ma'idah 5:89

لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِٱللَّغۡوِ فِيٓ أَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ وَلَٰكِن يُؤَاخِذُكُم بِمَا عَقَّدتُّمُ ٱلۡأَيۡمَٰنَۖ فَكَفَّـٰرَتُهُۥٓ إِطۡعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَٰكِينَ مِنۡ أَوۡسَطِ مَا تُطۡعِمُونَ أَهۡلِيكُمۡ أَوۡ كِسۡوَتُهُمۡ أَوۡ تَحۡرِيرُ رَقَبَةٖۖ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَٰثَةِ أَيَّامٖۚ ذَٰلِكَ كَفَّـٰرَةُ أَيۡمَٰنِكُمۡ إِذَا حَلَفۡتُمۡۚ وَٱحۡفَظُوٓاْ أَيۡمَٰنَكُمۡۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَشۡكُرُونَ

God will not take you to task for a slip in your oaths, but He will take you to task for what you have pledged by oath. Atonement for it is the feeding of ten poor persons with the average (amount of food) which you feed your households, or clothing them, or the setting free of a slave. Whoever does not find (the means to do that), (the penalty is) a fast for three days. That is the atonement for your oaths when you have sworn (them, and broken them). But guard your oaths! In this way God makes clear to you His signs, so that you may be thankful.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

بِمَا عَقَّدتُّمُ

what you have pledged

Variant Reading

بِمَا عَقَدتُّمُ

your binding

The variant reads the verb in Form I (without a shaddah) rather than Form II. This subtle change allows the preceding 'ma' to act as a verbal noun marker (masdariyyah), shifting the meaning from the relative clause 'what you have pledged' to the gerund/verbal noun 'your binding'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

عَقَّدتُّمُ

pledged

Variant Reading

عَقَدتُّمُ

sustained binding

Hafs reads 'aqqadtumu with a shaddah (Form II), denoting an intensive or 'sustained binding'. Other reciters read 'aqadtumu without the shaddah (Form I), meaning simply 'pledged'. The provided English texts reverse these roles in the base and variant translations.

Read by:

Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Ma'idah 5:95

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَقۡتُلُواْ ٱلصَّيۡدَ وَأَنتُمۡ حُرُمٞۚ وَمَن قَتَلَهُۥ مِنكُم مُّتَعَمِّدٗا فَجَزَآءٞ مِّثۡلُ مَا قَتَلَ مِنَ ٱلنَّعَمِ يَحۡكُمُ بِهِۦ ذَوَا عَدۡلٖ مِّنكُمۡ هَدۡيَۢا بَٰلِغَ ٱلۡكَعۡبَةِ أَوۡ كَفَّـٰرَةٞ طَعَامُ مَسَٰكِينَ أَوۡ عَدۡلُ ذَٰلِكَ صِيَامٗا لِّيَذُوقَ وَبَالَ أَمۡرِهِۦۗ عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَمَّا سَلَفَۚ وَمَنۡ عَادَ فَيَنتَقِمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنۡهُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٞ ذُو ٱنتِقَامٍ

You who believe! Do not kill wild game when you are (in a state of) sanctity. Whoever of you kills it intentionally, (there is) a penalty equivalent (to) what he has killed from the livestock – as two just men among you will determine it – as an offering to reach the Ka‘ba. Or (there is) a penalty of the feeding of poor persons, or the equivalent of that in fasting, so that he may taste the consequence of his action. God pardons whatever is past, but whoever returns (to repeat his offense) – God will take vengeance on him. God is mighty, a taker of vengeance.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَجَزَآءٞ مِّثۡلُ

a penalty equivalent

Variant Reading

فَجَزَآءُ مِثْلِ

the like ... (shall do for a penalty)

Hafs reads 'jazā'un' with tanween (nominative) and 'mithlu' (nominative) as an apposition/adjective. The variant reads them as a genitive construction (idafa) with 'jazā'u' (mudhaf) and 'mithli' (mudhaf ilayhi), changing the phrasing to 'the penalty of the equivalent'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كَفَّٰرَةٞ طَعَامُ

a penalty of the feeding

Variant Reading

كَفَّٰرَةُ طَعَامِ

an atonement of food

The variant connects the two words in a genitive construct (idafa), removing the tanween from the first word and changing the second word to the genitive case (kasra). Hafs reads them separately in apposition, with tanween on the first word and the nominative case (damma) on the second.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Ma'idah 5:101

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَا تَسۡـَٔلُواْ عَنۡ أَشۡيَآءَ إِن تُبۡدَ لَكُمۡ تَسُؤۡكُمۡ وَإِن تَسۡـَٔلُواْ عَنۡهَا حِينَ يُنَزَّلُ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ تُبۡدَ لَكُمۡ عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَنۡهَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٞ

You who believe! Do not ask about anything which, if it were disclosed to you, would distress you. But if you do ask about it, when the Qur’ān is being sent down, it will be disclosed to you. God pardons it, (for) God is forgiving, forbearing.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزَّلُ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانُ

the Qur’ān is being sent down

Variant Reading

يُنزَلُ ٱلۡقُرَانُ

the Recital is being sent down

The verb changes from Form II (gradual revelation) to Form IV (general revelation), and the word 'Qur'an' is read without a hamzah, which is translated here to its root meaning 'Recital'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:107

فَإِنۡ عُثِرَ عَلَىٰٓ أَنَّهُمَا ٱسۡتَحَقَّآ إِثۡمٗا فَـَٔاخَرَانِ يَقُومَانِ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسۡتَحَقَّ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡأَوۡلَيَٰنِ فَيُقۡسِمَانِ بِٱللَّهِ لَشَهَٰدَتُنَآ أَحَقُّ مِن شَهَٰدَتِهِمَا وَمَا ٱعۡتَدَيۡنَآ إِنَّآ إِذٗا لَّمِنَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

If it is discovered that they both (were guilty of) sin, let two others take their place, from those who have a rightful claim against the two former (false witnesses), and let them both swear by God: ‘Certainly our testimony is truer than the testimony of the other two, and we have not transgressed. Surely then we would indeed be among the evildoers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱسۡتَحَقَّ

have a rightful claim

Variant Reading

ٱسۡتُحِقَّ

were given the responsibility

The verb changes from the active voice 'istahaqqa' (have a rightful claim) to the passive voice 'ustuhiqqa' (were given the responsibility of the claim) through a change in internal voweling.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Ma'idah 5:112

إِذۡ قَالَ ٱلۡحَوَارِيُّونَ يَٰعِيسَى ٱبۡنَ مَرۡيَمَ هَلۡ يَسۡتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ أَن يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيۡنَا مَآئِدَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِۖ قَالَ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ

And when the disciples said, ‘Jesus, son of Mary! Is your Lord able to send down on us a table from the sky?,’ he said, ‘Guard (yourselves) against God, if you are believers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلَ

to send down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلَ

send down

The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb (yunazzila), which implies sending down gradually or repeatedly. The variant reading uses the Form IV verb (yunzila), which implies sending down entirely or all at once.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:115

قَالَ ٱللَّهُ إِنِّي مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ فَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بَعۡدُ مِنكُمۡ فَإِنِّيٓ أُعَذِّبُهُۥ عَذَابٗا لَّآ أُعَذِّبُهُۥٓ أَحَدٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ

God said, ‘Surely I am going to send it down on you. Whoever of you disbelieves after that – surely I shall punish him (with) a punishment (as) I have not punished anyone among the worlds.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُنَزِّلُهَا

going to send it down

Variant Reading

مُنزِلُهَا

shall send it down

The Hafs reading uses the Form II active participle (munazziluhā), which implies sending down gradually or repeatedly. The variant uses the Form IV active participle (munziluhā), which implies sending down all at once.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'idah 5:119

قَالَ ٱللَّهُ هَٰذَا يَوۡمُ يَنفَعُ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ صِدۡقُهُمۡۚ لَهُمۡ جَنَّـٰتٞ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدٗاۖ رَّضِيَ ٱللَّهُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَرَضُواْ عَنۡهُۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ

God said, ‘This is the Day when their truthfulness will benefit the truthful. For them (there are) Gardens through which rivers flow, there to remain forever. God is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. That is the great triumph!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَوۡمُ

the Day

Variant Reading

يَوْمَ

on the day

The word 'yawm' is read with a dhamma (nominative case) in Hafs, making it the predicate of the sentence ('This is the Day'). In the variant, it is read with a fatha (accusative case), making it an adverb of time ('This is on the day').

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:16

مَّن يُصۡرَفۡ عَنۡهُ يَوۡمَئِذٖ فَقَدۡ رَحِمَهُۥۚ وَذَٰلِكَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡمُبِينُ

Whoever is turned from it on that Day – He has had compassion on him. That is the clear triumph!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُصۡرَفۡ

is turned

Variant Reading

يَصۡرِفۡ

He spares

The verb changes from the passive 'yuṣraf' (is turned away / averted) to the active 'yaṣrif' (He turns away / spares), shifting the grammatical subject to explicitly refer to Allah as the one who spares.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

Al-An'am 6:23

ثُمَّ لَمۡ تَكُن فِتۡنَتُهُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن قَالُواْ وَٱللَّهِ رَبِّنَا مَا كُنَّا مُشۡرِكِينَ

Then their only excuse will be to claim, ‘By God, our Lord! We have not been idolaters.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فِتۡنَتُهُمۡ

excuse

Variant Reading

فِتْنَتَهُمُۥٓ

turmoil

The vowel on the 'taa' changes from a damma (nominative) to a fatha (accusative). This shifts the word from being the subject (ism) of 'kana' to its predicate (khabar).

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَبِّنَا

our Lord

Variant Reading

رَبَّنَا

O our Lord

The word changes from the genitive 'rabbina' (apposition to Allah) to the accusative 'rabbana', which makes it a vocative phrase (calling out 'O our Lord').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-An'am 6:27

وَلَوۡ تَرَىٰٓ إِذۡ وُقِفُواْ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ فَقَالُواْ يَٰلَيۡتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلَا نُكَذِّبَ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّنَا وَنَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

If (only) you could see when they are made to stand before the Fire: they will say, ‘Would that we (could) be returned, and had not called the signs of our Lord a lie, but were among the believers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

نُكَذِّبَ ... وَنَكُونَ

had not called a lie ... but were

Variant Reading

نُكَذِّبُ ... وَنَكُونُ

do not disbelieve ... and be

The verbs change from the subjunctive mood (mansub with fatha) to the indicative mood (marfu' with damma). In Hafs, they are joined to the wish ('would that we be returned AND not belie...'). In the variant, they form a circumstantial clause or a new factual statement ('...for we do not disbelieve...').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:36

۞إِنَّمَا يَسۡتَجِيبُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَسۡمَعُونَۘ وَٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ يَبۡعَثُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡهِ يُرۡجَعُونَ

Only those who hear respond, but the dead – God will raise them up. Then to Him they will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡجَعُونَ

they will be returned

Variant Reading

يَرْجِعُونَ

they return

The verb shifts from the passive voice 'yurjaʿūn' (will be returned) in Hafs to the active voice 'yarjiʿūn' (they return) in the variant, caused by changing the vowels while keeping the consonantal root (rasm) identical.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-An'am 6:37

وَقَالُواْ لَوۡلَا نُزِّلَ عَلَيۡهِ ءَايَةٞ مِّن رَّبِّهِۦۚ قُلۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَادِرٌ عَلَىٰٓ أَن يُنَزِّلَ ءَايَةٗ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ

They (also) say, ‘If only a sign were sent down on him from his Lord.’ Say: ‘Surely God is able to send down a sign,’ but most of them do not know (it).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلَ

send down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلَ

send down

The verb shifts from Form II (implying gradual or repeated sending) to Form IV (implying a single, complete act of sending down) through a change in vowels and the removal of the shadda.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Al-An'am 6:44

فَلَمَّا نَسُواْ مَا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِۦ فَتَحۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَبۡوَٰبَ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا فَرِحُواْ بِمَآ أُوتُوٓاْ أَخَذۡنَٰهُم بَغۡتَةٗ فَإِذَا هُم مُّبۡلِسُونَ

So when they forgot what they were reminded of, We opened on them the gates of everything, until they gloated over what they were given, when (once again) We seized them unexpectedly, and suddenly they were in despair.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَتَحۡنَا

We opened

Variant Reading

فَتَّحۡنَا

We widely opened

The variant adds a shaddah to the letter ta' (Form II instead of Form I), shifting the meaning from a simple action of opening to an intensified action of opening widely or abundantly.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Ruways

Al-An'am 6:55

وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ وَلِتَسۡتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ

In this way We make the signs distinct, and (We do this) so that the way of the sinners may become clear.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَسۡتَبِينَ سَبِيلُ

way may become clear

Variant Reading

تَسْتَبِينَ سَبِيلَ

you can realize the way

The case of 'sabīl' (way) changes from nominative (sabīlu) to accusative (sabīla). This shifts its role from being the subject of the verb to the direct object, consequently changing the verb's implicit subject from 3rd-person feminine ('the way becomes clear') to 2nd-person masculine ('you realize the way').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:63

قُلۡ مَن يُنَجِّيكُم مِّن ظُلُمَٰتِ ٱلۡبَرِّ وَٱلۡبَحۡرِ تَدۡعُونَهُۥ تَضَرُّعٗا وَخُفۡيَةٗ لَّئِنۡ أَنجَىٰنَا مِنۡ هَٰذِهِۦ لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلشَّـٰكِرِينَ

Say: ‘Who rescues you from the dangers of the shore and the sea? You call on Him in humility and in secret: “If indeed He rescues us from this, we shall indeed be among the thankful.”’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَجِّيكُم

rescues you

Variant Reading

يُنجِيكُم

saves you

The verb changes from Form II (with a shaddah, indicating an intensive or repeated action of rescuing) to Form IV (with a sukoon and no shaddah, indicating the general action of saving).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-An'am 6:64

قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُنَجِّيكُم مِّنۡهَا وَمِن كُلِّ كَرۡبٖ ثُمَّ أَنتُمۡ تُشۡرِكُونَ

Say: ‘God rescues you from it, and from every distress, (but) then you associate.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَجِّيكُم

rescues you

Variant Reading

يُنجِيكُم

saves you

The shift from Form II (yunajjīkum, with a shadda) to Form IV (yunjīkum, with a sukoon) changes the verb's nuance from an intensive or gradual rescuing to a direct, single act of saving.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:68

وَإِذَا رَأَيۡتَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَخُوضُونَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِنَا فَأَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَخُوضُواْ فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيۡرِهِۦۚ وَإِمَّا يُنسِيَنَّكَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنُ فَلَا تَقۡعُدۡ بَعۡدَ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰ مَعَ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

When you see those who banter about Our signs, turn away from them until they banter about some other topic. If Satan makes you forget (this), do not sit, after (you give) the Reminder, with the people who are evildoers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنسِيَنَّكَ

makes you forget

Variant Reading

يُنَسِّيَنَّكَ

try hard to make you forget

Hafs uses the Form IV verb 'yunsiyannaka' meaning 'makes you forget'. The variant uses the Form II verb 'yunassiyannaka' with a fatha and a shaddah on the seen, which conveys intensity, deliberate effort, or repetition, meaning 'tries hard to make you forget'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-An'am 6:74

۞وَإِذۡ قَالَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ ءَازَرَ أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصۡنَامًا ءَالِهَةً إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰكَ وَقَوۡمَكَ فِي ضَلَٰلٖ مُّبِينٖ

(Remember) when Abraham said to his father Āzar: ‘Do you take idols as gods? Surely I see you and your people are clearly astray.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ءَازَرَ

Āzar

Variant Reading

ءَازَرُ

Azar

Hafs reads the name with a fatha (Aazara) as an apposition (badal) to 'his father', while the variant reads it with a damma (Aazaru) as a vocative, meaning 'O Azar'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-An'am 6:81

وَكَيۡفَ أَخَافُ مَآ أَشۡرَكۡتُمۡ وَلَا تَخَافُونَ أَنَّكُمۡ أَشۡرَكۡتُم بِٱللَّهِ مَا لَمۡ يُنَزِّلۡ بِهِۦ عَلَيۡكُمۡ سُلۡطَٰنٗاۚ فَأَيُّ ٱلۡفَرِيقَيۡنِ أَحَقُّ بِٱلۡأَمۡنِۖ إِن كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ

How should I fear what you have associated, when you are not afraid to associate with God what He has not sent down on you any authority for?’ Which of the two groups has (more) right to security, if you know?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلۡ

sent down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلۡ

sent down

The verb changes from Form II (yunazzila) to Form IV (yunzila) by altering the vowels and removing the shaddah. While both mean 'sent down', Form II implies a gradual revelation, whereas Form IV suggests sending down all at once.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-An'am 6:83

وَتِلۡكَ حُجَّتُنَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهَآ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ عَلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِۦۚ نَرۡفَعُ دَرَجَٰتٖ مَّن نَّشَآءُۗ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٞ

That (was) Our argument. We gave it to Abraham against his people. We raise in rank whomever We please. Surely your Lord is wise, knowing.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

دَرَجَٰتٖ

in rank

Variant Reading

دَرَجَٰتِ

degrees of

Hafs reads 'darajātin' with tanween (indefinite), whereas the variant reads 'darajāti' with a single kasrah, forming an idafa (possessive construct) meaning 'degrees of whomever'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:98

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنشَأَكُم مِّن نَّفۡسٖ وَٰحِدَةٖ فَمُسۡتَقَرّٞ وَمُسۡتَوۡدَعٞۗ قَدۡ فَصَّلۡنَا ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لِقَوۡمٖ يَفۡقَهُونَ

And He (it is) who produced you from one person, and (gave you) a dwelling place and a place of deposit. We have made the signs distinct for a people who understand.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

فَمُسۡتَقَرّٞ

a dwelling place

Variant Reading

فَمُسۡتَقِرّٞ

a settled one

The change in the vowel on the letter qaf from a fathah to a kasrah shifts the word from a noun of place or passive participle (mustaqarr - a dwelling place) to an active participle (mustaqirr - one who settles or a settled one).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Susi

Al-An'am 6:100

وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ ٱلۡجِنَّ وَخَلَقَهُمۡۖ وَخَرَقُواْ لَهُۥ بَنِينَ وَبَنَٰتِۭ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٖۚ سُبۡحَٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ

They make the jinn associates with God, when He created them, and they assign to Him sons and daughters without any knowledge. Glory to Him! He is exalted above what they allege.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَخَرَقُواْ

and they assign

Variant Reading

وَخَرَّقُواْ

and they kept inventing

The addition of the shadda (doubling the letter ra') shifts the verb from Form I to Form II. This morphological change adds a sense of intensification and repetition, changing the meaning from a simple 'they assign' or 'fabricate' to 'they intensely/repeatedly kept inventing'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:105

وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُصَرِّفُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ وَلِيَقُولُواْ دَرَسۡتَ وَلِنُبَيِّنَهُۥ لِقَوۡمٖ يَعۡلَمُونَ

In this way We vary the signs, so that they will say, ‘You have studied,’ and that We may make it clear to a people who know.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

دَرَسۡتَ

You have studied

Variant Reading

دَرَسَتْ

(That is) outdated

The voweling changes the verb from the second-person masculine singular 'darasta' (you have studied) to the third-person feminine singular 'darasat' (it has become outdated/vanished). This shifts the disbelievers' accusation from Muhammad studying to the verses themselves being ancient myths.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Rawh, Ruways

Al-An'am 6:109

وَأَقۡسَمُواْ بِٱللَّهِ جَهۡدَ أَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ لَئِن جَآءَتۡهُمۡ ءَايَةٞ لَّيُؤۡمِنُنَّ بِهَاۚ قُلۡ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡأٓيَٰتُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۖ وَمَا يُشۡعِرُكُمۡ أَنَّهَآ إِذَا جَآءَتۡ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ

They have sworn by God the most solemn of their oaths: if indeed a sign comes to them, they will indeed believe in it. Say: ‘The signs (are) only with God.’ What will make you realize that, when it does come, they will not believe?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّهَآ

that

Variant Reading

إِنَّهَا

Indeed

The change in the vowel of the hamza from fatha (anna) to kasra (inna) alters the sentence structure. 'Anna' creates a dependent clause ('that it...'), whereas 'Inna' begins a new, emphatic independent sentence ('Indeed, it...').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Idris, Ishaq, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-An'am 6:114

أَفَغَيۡرَ ٱللَّهِ أَبۡتَغِي حَكَمٗا وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنزَلَ إِلَيۡكُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مُفَصَّلٗاۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ يَعۡلَمُونَ أَنَّهُۥ مُنَزَّلٞ مِّن رَّبِّكَ بِٱلۡحَقِّۖ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلۡمُمۡتَرِينَ

Shall I seek (anyone) other than God as a judge? He (it is) who has sent down to you the Book, set forth distinctly. Those to whom We have (already) given the Book know that it is sent down from your Lord with the truth. Do not be one of the doubters.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُنَزَّلٞ

sent down

Variant Reading

مُنزَلٞ

sent down

Hafs uses the Form II passive participle (munazzal), which carries the nuance of gradual or repeated revelation, while the variant uses the Form IV passive participle (munzal), which denotes sending down as a single, complete whole.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:119

وَمَا لَكُمۡ أَلَّا تَأۡكُلُواْ مِمَّا ذُكِرَ ٱسۡمُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ وَقَدۡ فَصَّلَ لَكُم مَّا حَرَّمَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ إِلَّا مَا ٱضۡطُرِرۡتُمۡ إِلَيۡهِۗ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرٗا لَّيُضِلُّونَ بِأَهۡوَآئِهِم بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِٱلۡمُعۡتَدِينَ

What is (the matter) with you that you do not eat from that over which the name of God has been mentioned, when He has already made distinct for you what He has forbidden you (to eat), unless you are forced to (eat) it? Surely many are indeed led astray by their (vain) desires without realizing (it). Surely your Lord – He knows about the transgressors.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

فَصَّلَ / حَرَّمَ

He has made distinct / He has forbidden

Variant Reading

فُصِّلَ / حُرِّمَ

has been detailed / has been prohibited

The verbs change from active 'He detailed/forbade' to passive 'has been detailed/prohibited' through a change in internal vowelization.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

حَرَّمَ

He has forbidden

Variant Reading

حُرِّمَ

has been prohibited

The verb changes from the active 'ḥarrama' (He has forbidden) to the passive 'ḥurrima' (has been prohibited) through a change in internal vowels.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَّيُضِلُّونَ

led astray

Variant Reading

لَّيَضِلُّونَ

go astray

The change in the first vowel from damma (Form IV) to fatha (Form I) shifts the meaning of the verb from 'leading others astray' (transitive) to 'going astray themselves' (intransitive).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:125

فَمَن يُرِدِ ٱللَّهُ أَن يَهۡدِيَهُۥ يَشۡرَحۡ صَدۡرَهُۥ لِلۡإِسۡلَٰمِۖ وَمَن يُرِدۡ أَن يُضِلَّهُۥ يَجۡعَلۡ صَدۡرَهُۥ ضَيِّقًا حَرَجٗا كَأَنَّمَا يَصَّعَّدُ فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَجۡعَلُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرِّجۡسَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ

Whomever God intends to guide, He expands his heart to Islam, and whomever He intends to lead astray, He makes his heart narrow (and) constricted, as if he were climbing up into the sky. In this way God places the abomination on those who do not believe.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

حَرَجٗا

constricted

Variant Reading

حَرِجاٗ

very constricted

The vowel on the letter ra' changes from a fatha (harajan) to a kasra (harijan). This shifts the word from a verbal noun meaning 'constriction' to an adjective emphasizing 'very constricted'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Shu'bah, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَصَّعَّدُ

climbing up

Variant Reading

يَصۡعَدُ

ascending

Hafs uses an intensified verb form (Form V with assimilation) implying strenuous effort or struggle to climb, whereas the variant uses the base verb form (Form I) meaning simply to ascend.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Al-An'am 6:137

وَكَذَٰلِكَ زَيَّنَ لِكَثِيرٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ قَتۡلَ أَوۡلَٰدِهِمۡ شُرَكَآؤُهُمۡ لِيُرۡدُوهُمۡ وَلِيَلۡبِسُواْ عَلَيۡهِمۡ دِينَهُمۡۖ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا فَعَلُوهُۖ فَذَرۡهُمۡ وَمَا يَفۡتَرُونَ

In this way their associates made the killing of their children appear enticing to many of the idolaters, in order that they might bring them to ruin and confuse their religion for them. If God had (so) pleased, they would not have done it. So leave them and what they forge.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

زَيَّنَ

made appear enticing

Variant Reading

زُيِّنَ

has been adorned

The verb changes from the active 'zayyana' (made appear enticing) to the passive 'zuyyina' (has been adorned), which inherently shifts the grammatical cases of the subsequent nouns in the Arabic text.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-An'am 6:140

قَدۡ خَسِرَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَتَلُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَهُمۡ سَفَهَۢا بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٖ وَحَرَّمُواْ مَا رَزَقَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱفۡتِرَآءً عَلَى ٱللَّهِۚ قَدۡ ضَلُّواْ وَمَا كَانُواْ مُهۡتَدِينَ

Lost (are) those who kill their children in foolishness, without any knowledge, and forbid what God has provided them, forging (lies) against God. They have gone astray and are not (rightly) guided.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قَتَلُوٓاْ

kill

Variant Reading

قَتَّلُواْ

kept killing

The verb changes from Form I (qatalū) to Form II (qattalū) by adding a shadda to the letter taa. This shifts the meaning from a simple action ('kill') to an intensive or repetitive action ('kept killing').

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul

Al-An'am 6:152

وَلَا تَقۡرَبُواْ مَالَ ٱلۡيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِٱلَّتِي هِيَ أَحۡسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ أَشُدَّهُۥۚ وَأَوۡفُواْ ٱلۡكَيۡلَ وَٱلۡمِيزَانَ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۖ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفۡسًا إِلَّا وُسۡعَهَاۖ وَإِذَا قُلۡتُمۡ فَٱعۡدِلُواْ وَلَوۡ كَانَ ذَا قُرۡبَىٰۖ وَبِعَهۡدِ ٱللَّهِ أَوۡفُواْۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ

Do not go near the property of the orphan, except to improve it, until he reaches his maturity. Fill up the measure and the scale in justice. We do not burden anyone beyond their capacity. When you speak, be fair, even if he is a family member. Fulfill the covenant of God. That is what He has charged you with, so that you may take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

remind yourselves

The variant adds a shadda to the letter thal (تَذَّكَّرُونَ), indicating the assimilation (idgham) of an original second 'ta', shifting the nuance from passively 'taking heed' to actively 'reminding yourselves'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-An'am 6:153

وَأَنَّ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطِي مُسۡتَقِيمٗا فَٱتَّبِعُوهُۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ ٱلسُّبُلَ فَتَفَرَّقَ بِكُمۡ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ

And (know) that this is My straight path. So follow it, and do not follow the ways (of others), or it will diverge with you from His way. That is what He has charged you with, so that you may guard (yourselves).’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّ

And (know) that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّ

And indeed

The change from 'anna' (with fatha) to 'inna' (with kasra) shifts the grammatical structure from a subordinate clause ('and that') to a new, emphatic independent clause ('And indeed').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

فَتَفَرَّقَ

it will diverge

Variant Reading

فَتَّفَرَّقَ

they divert

The variant adds a shadda to the letter ta (gemination), which assimilates an underlying second ta. The English translation reflects this by treating the non-human plural 'the ways' as plural ('they') rather than singular ('it'), and slightly shifts the meaning from 'diverge' to 'divert'.

Read by:

Bazzi

Al-An'am 6:160

مَن جَآءَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُۥ عَشۡرُ أَمۡثَالِهَاۖ وَمَن جَآءَ بِٱلسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجۡزَىٰٓ إِلَّا مِثۡلَهَا وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ

Whoever brings a good deed will have ten equal to it, but whoever brings an evil deed will only be paid the equal of it – and they will not be done evil.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَشۡرُ أَمۡثَالِهَا

ten equal to it

Variant Reading

عَشۡرٌ أَمۡثَالُهَا

ten (others) like it

Hafs uses a genitive construct (mudaf and mudaf ilayh) reading 'ashru amthaliha ('ten of its like'). The variant reads 'ashrun amthaluha with tanween and a nominative adjective (na't or badal), meaning 'ten (other deeds that are) like it'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-An'am 6:161

قُلۡ إِنَّنِي هَدَىٰنِي رَبِّيٓ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٖ دِينٗا قِيَمٗا مِّلَّةَ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ حَنِيفٗاۚ وَمَا كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ

Say: ‘Surely my Lord has guided me to a straight path, a right religion, the creed of Abraham the Ḥanīf. He was not one of the idolaters.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قِيَمٗا

right

Variant Reading

قَيِّماٗ

truly upright

The word changes its morphological pattern from 'qiyaman' to the intensive form 'qayyiman' by altering the vowels and adding a shaddah, shifting the nuance from 'right' to 'truly upright' or 'established'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-A'raf 7:3

ٱتَّبِعُواْ مَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكُم مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ أَوۡلِيَآءَۗ قَلِيلٗا مَّا تَذَكَّرُونَ

Follow what has been sent down to you from your Lord, and do not follow any allies other than Him. Little do you take heed!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

remember

The variant adds a shadda (tashdid) to the dhal, assimilating an underlying 'ta' (from tatadhakkarūna). This shifts the phonetic weight and yields a slight semantic shift in translation from 'taking heed' to 'remembering' or emphasizing the continuous nature of the action.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-A'raf 7:25

قَالَ فِيهَا تَحۡيَوۡنَ وَفِيهَا تَمُوتُونَ وَمِنۡهَا تُخۡرَجُونَ

He said, ‘On it you will live and on it you will die, and from it you will be brought forth.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُخۡرَجُونَ

you will be brought forth

Variant Reading

تَخۡرُجُونَ

you come out

The verb changes from the passive form 'tukhrajūna' (you will be brought forth) in Hafs to the active form 'takhrujūna' (you come out) in the variant by altering the vowel marks (harakat) while retaining the exact same consonantal skeleton.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Rawh, Ruways

Al-A'raf 7:26

يَٰبَنِيٓ ءَادَمَ قَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡكُمۡ لِبَاسٗا يُوَٰرِي سَوۡءَٰتِكُمۡ وَرِيشٗاۖ وَلِبَاسُ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰ ذَٰلِكَ خَيۡرٞۚ ذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَذَّكَّرُونَ

Sons of Adam! We sent down on you clothing – it covers your shameful parts – and feathers. Yet the clothing of guarding (yourselves) – that is better. That is one of the signs of God, so that they may take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلِبَاسُ

Yet the clothing

Variant Reading

وَلِبَاسَ

and the garment

The final vowel changes from a damma (nominative) to a fatha (accusative). In Hafs, it is the subject of a new sentence. In the variant, it is grammatically conjoined to the earlier accusative objects of what was 'sent down'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-A'raf 7:35

يَٰبَنِيٓ ءَادَمَ إِمَّا يَأۡتِيَنَّكُمۡ رُسُلٞ مِّنكُمۡ يَقُصُّونَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِي فَمَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰ وَأَصۡلَحَ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ يَحۡزَنُونَ

Sons of Adam! If messengers from among you should come to you, recounting to you My signs, whoever guards (himself) and sets (things) right – (there will be) no fear on them, nor will they sorrow.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خَوۡفٌ

fear

Variant Reading

خَوۡفَ

fear shall ever be

The word changes from nominative with tanween (simple negation) to accusative without tanween (absolute negation, indicating categorical denial of any fear whatsoever).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-A'raf 7:40

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا وَٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ عَنۡهَا لَا تُفَتَّحُ لَهُمۡ أَبۡوَٰبُ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَلَا يَدۡخُلُونَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ حَتَّىٰ يَلِجَ ٱلۡجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ ٱلۡخِيَاطِۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نَجۡزِي ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ

Surely those who call Our signs a lie, and are arrogant about it – the gates of the sky will not be opened for them, nor will they enter the Garden, until the camel passes through the eye of the needle. In this way We repay the sinners.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تُفَتَّحُ

opened

Variant Reading

تُفۡتَحُ

opened

Hafs uses the Form II passive verb (tufattahu) with a shaddah, indicating an intensive or repeated action (opened widely or repeatedly). The variant uses the Form I passive verb (tuftahu) with a sukoon, indicating the simple action of being opened. The meaning shifts slightly in intensity due to the harakat difference.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Susi

Al-A'raf 7:44

وَنَادَىٰٓ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ أَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ أَن قَدۡ وَجَدۡنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقّٗا فَهَلۡ وَجَدتُّم مَّا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمۡ حَقّٗاۖ قَالُواْ نَعَمۡۚ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُۢ بَيۡنَهُمۡ أَن لَّعۡنَةُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

The companions of the Garden will call out to the companions of the Fire: ‘We have found what our Lord promised us (to be) true. So have you found what your Lord promised (to be) true?’ They will say, ‘Yes!’ And then a caller will call out among them: ‘The curse of God is on the evildoers,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَن لَّعۡنَةُ

The curse

Variant Reading

أَنَّ لَعۡنَةَ

Indeed, the curse

In Hafs, 'an' is lightened (mukhaffafah) and 'la'natu' is in the nominative case. In the variant, 'anna' is emphasized (thaqilah) meaning 'indeed', which changes 'la'nata' to the accusative case.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq

Al-A'raf 7:54

إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٖ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ يُغۡشِي ٱلَّيۡلَ ٱلنَّهَارَ يَطۡلُبُهُۥ حَثِيثٗا وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ وَٱلنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتِۭ بِأَمۡرِهِۦٓۗ أَلَا لَهُ ٱلۡخَلۡقُ وَٱلۡأَمۡرُۗ تَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ

Surely your Lord is God, who created the heavens and the earth in six days. Then He mounted the throne. The night covers the day, which it pursues urgently, and the sun, and the moon, and the stars are subjected, (all) by His command. Is it not (a fact) that to Him (belong) the creation and the command? Blessed (be) God, Lord of the worlds!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُغۡشِي

covers

Variant Reading

يُغَشِّي

tightly overwhelm

The Hafs reading uses the Form IV verb (yughshī), meaning 'to cover', while the variant uses the Form II verb (yughashshī) with a fat-hah on the ghayn and a shaddah on the shin. This morphological shift to Form II adds an intensive meaning, changing it to 'tightly overwhelm' or cover heavily.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ وَٱلنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتِ

and the sun, and the moon, and the stars are subjected

Variant Reading

وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتٌ

And the sun and the moon and the stars are subjected

Hafs reads the nouns in the accusative case (mansub) as coordinated objects of the previous verb, while the variant reads them in the nominative case (marfu'), creating a new, independent nominal sentence.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-A'raf 7:57

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُرۡسِلُ ٱلرِّيَٰحَ بُشۡرَۢا بَيۡنَ يَدَيۡ رَحۡمَتِهِۦۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَقَلَّتۡ سَحَابٗا ثِقَالٗا سُقۡنَٰهُ لِبَلَدٖ مَّيِّتٖ فَأَنزَلۡنَا بِهِ ٱلۡمَآءَ فَأَخۡرَجۡنَا بِهِۦ مِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نُخۡرِجُ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ

He (it is) who sends the winds as good news before His mercy, until, when it brings a cloud heavy (with rain), We drive it to some barren land, and send down water by means of it, and bring forth by means of it every (kind of) fruit. In this way We bring forth the dead, so that you may take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant adds a shadda to the letter dhal (تَذَّكَّرُونَ), which represents an assimilated 'ta' (from originally تتذكرون). This intensifies the verb's meaning, shifting it from simply taking heed to constantly or deeply remembering.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-A'raf 7:58

وَٱلۡبَلَدُ ٱلطَّيِّبُ يَخۡرُجُ نَبَاتُهُۥ بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهِۦۖ وَٱلَّذِي خَبُثَ لَا يَخۡرُجُ إِلَّا نَكِدٗاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نُصَرِّفُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ لِقَوۡمٖ يَشۡكُرُونَ

(As for) the good land, its vegetation comes forth by the permission of its Lord, but (as for) the bad, (its vegetation) comes forth only poorly. In this way We vary the signs for a people who are thankful.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَخۡرُجُ

comes forth

Variant Reading

يُخۡرِجُ

bring out

The verb changes from the intransitive Form I (yakhruju, 'comes forth') to the transitive Form IV (yukhriju, 'bring out'), shifting the focus from the vegetation emerging on its own to the land actively producing it.

Read by:

Ibn Wardan

Al-A'raf 7:62

أُبَلِّغُكُمۡ رِسَٰلَٰتِ رَبِّي وَأَنصَحُ لَكُمۡ وَأَعۡلَمُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعۡلَمُونَ

I deliver to you the messages of my Lord and I offer advice to you. I know from God what you do not know.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أُبَلِّغُكُمۡ

I deliver to you

Variant Reading

أُبۡلِغُكُمۡ

I compile and proclaim to you

The verb shifts from Form II (with a shaddah on the lam, implying continuous or repeated delivery) in Hafs to Form IV (with a sukoon on the ba, implying a single act of proclaiming or compiling) in the variant.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi

Al-A'raf 7:68

أُبَلِّغُكُمۡ رِسَٰلَٰتِ رَبِّي وَأَنَا۠ لَكُمۡ نَاصِحٌ أَمِينٌ

I deliver to you the messages of my Lord and I am a trustworthy adviser for you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أُبَلِّغُكُمۡ

I deliver to you

Variant Reading

أُبۡلِغُكُمۡ

I compile and proclaim to you

The difference is in the verb form indicated by the vowels and shadda; Hafs uses Form II (uballighu) implying continuous delivery, while the variant uses Form IV (ublighu) implying a single, comprehensive act of conveying or proclaiming.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi

Al-A'raf 7:96

وَلَوۡ أَنَّ أَهۡلَ ٱلۡقُرَىٰٓ ءَامَنُواْ وَٱتَّقَوۡاْ لَفَتَحۡنَا عَلَيۡهِم بَرَكَٰتٖ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَٰكِن كَذَّبُواْ فَأَخَذۡنَٰهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ

Yet if the people of the towns had believed and guarded (themselves), We would indeed have opened on them blessings from the sky and the earth. But they called (it) a lie, so We seized them for what they had earned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَفَتَحۡنَا

We would indeed have opened

Variant Reading

لَفَتَّحۡنَا

We would surely have widely opened

The variant reads the verb in Form II (with a shadda on the taa) instead of Form I. This intensifies the meaning, shifting it from simply 'opening' to 'opening widely' or 'opening abundantly'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Ruways

Al-A'raf 7:127

وَقَالَ ٱلۡمَلَأُ مِن قَوۡمِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ أَتَذَرُ مُوسَىٰ وَقَوۡمَهُۥ لِيُفۡسِدُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَيَذَرَكَ وَءَالِهَتَكَۚ قَالَ سَنُقَتِّلُ أَبۡنَآءَهُمۡ وَنَسۡتَحۡيِۦ نِسَآءَهُمۡ وَإِنَّا فَوۡقَهُمۡ قَٰهِرُونَ

The assembly of the people of Pharaoh said, ‘Will you leave Moses and his people to foment corruption on the earth and to forsake you and your gods?’ He said, ‘We shall kill their sons and keep their women alive. Surely we shall be supreme over them!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

سَنُقَتِّلُ

We shall kill

Variant Reading

سَنَقْتُلُ

We will kill

Hafs uses the Form II verb (sanuqattilu), which denotes an intensive, repeated, or mass action (slaughtering). The variant uses the Form I verb (sanaqtulu), which denotes the basic, general act of killing.

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Al-A'raf 7:141

وَإِذۡ أَنجَيۡنَٰكُم مِّنۡ ءَالِ فِرۡعَوۡنَ يَسُومُونَكُمۡ سُوٓءَ ٱلۡعَذَابِ يُقَتِّلُونَ أَبۡنَآءَكُمۡ وَيَسۡتَحۡيُونَ نِسَآءَكُمۡۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكُم بَلَآءٞ مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ عَظِيمٞ

(Remember) when We rescued you from the house of Pharaoh. They were inflicting on you the evil punishment, killing your sons and sparing your women. In that was a great test from your Lord.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُقَتِّلُونَ

killing

Variant Reading

يَقْتُلُونَ

killing

Hafs uses the Form II verb (yuqattilūna), which implies intensive, repeated, or extensive slaughter. The variant uses the Form I verb (yaqtulūna), which denotes the simple act of killing.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-A'raf 7:170

وَٱلَّذِينَ يُمَسِّكُونَ بِٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَأَقَامُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجۡرَ ٱلۡمُصۡلِحِينَ

Those who hold fast the Book and observe the prayer – surely We do not let the reward of those who set (things) right go to waste.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُمَسِّكُونَ

hold fast

Variant Reading

يُمْسِكُونَ

adhere

Hafs uses the Form II verb (yumassikūna) with a shaddah, indicating intensity, repetition, and great effort in holding fast to the Scripture. The variant reads it as a Form IV verb (yumsikūna) with a sukoon on the meem, which carries the general meaning to hold, keep to, or adhere.

Read by:

Shu'bah

Al-Anfal 8:9

إِذۡ تَسۡتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمۡ فَٱسۡتَجَابَ لَكُمۡ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُم بِأَلۡفٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ مُرۡدِفِينَ

(Remember) when you were calling on your Lord for help, and He responded to you: ‘I am going to increase you with a thousand angels following behind.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُرۡدِفِينَ

following behind

Variant Reading

مُرْدَفِينَ

succeeding one another

The vowel on the letter dal changes from a kasra to a fatha, shifting the word from an active participle (murdifīn: those who follow behind) to a passive participle (murdafīn: those who are made to follow / succeed one another).

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

Al-Anfal 8:11

إِذۡ يُغَشِّيكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةٗ مِّنۡهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِۦ وَيُذۡهِبَ عَنكُمۡ رِجۡزَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ وَلِيَرۡبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمۡ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ ٱلۡأَقۡدَامَ

(Remember) when He covered you with slumber as a security from Him, and sent down on you water from the sky, so that He might purify you by means of it, and take away from you the abomination of Satan, and that he might strengthen your hearts and make firm (your) feet by means of it.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يُغَشِّيكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسَ

He covered you with slumber

Variant Reading

يَغۡشَىٰكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسُ

drowsiness covering you

The verb vowels change from Form II to Form I, shifting the subject of the action from God to the 'slumber' itself. Consequently, the word for slumber changes from an accusative object (ending in fatha) to a nominative subject (ending in damma).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُغَشِّيكُمُ

He covered you

Variant Reading

يُغْشِيكُمُ

covering you

Hafs uses the Form II verb with a shaddah, implying intensive or repetitive covering. The Variant uses the Form IV verb without a shaddah, indicating a single or standard act of covering.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُغَشِّيكُمُ

covered you

Variant Reading

يُغْشِيكُمُ

covering you pl tightly

Hafs reads the verb in Form II (yughashshīkumu, with a shadda), which implies intensity or covering tightly. The variant reading (by Nafi' and others) is Form IV (yughshīkumu, without a shadda), meaning simply to cover. Note: The provided Variant English happens to explicitly translate the intensive Hafs reading.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Anfal 8:19

إِن تَسۡتَفۡتِحُواْ فَقَدۡ جَآءَكُمُ ٱلۡفَتۡحُۖ وَإِن تَنتَهُواْ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٞ لَّكُمۡۖ وَإِن تَعُودُواْ نَعُدۡ وَلَن تُغۡنِيَ عَنكُمۡ فِئَتُكُمۡ شَيۡـٔٗا وَلَوۡ كَثُرَتۡ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

If you ask for a victory, the victory has already come to you. And if you stop, it will be better for you. But if you return, We shall return (too), and your cohort will be of no use to you, even if it should be numerous. (Know) that God is with the believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّ

(Know) that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّ

For indeed

Changing the vowel on the hamza from a fatha (anna) to a kasra (inna) shifts the grammar from a subordinate clause ('that') to an independent emphatic clause ('indeed').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-Anfal 8:44

وَإِذۡ يُرِيكُمُوهُمۡ إِذِ ٱلۡتَقَيۡتُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِكُمۡ قَلِيلٗا وَيُقَلِّلُكُمۡ فِيٓ أَعۡيُنِهِمۡ لِيَقۡضِيَ ٱللَّهُ أَمۡرٗا كَانَ مَفۡعُولٗاۗ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ

(Remember) when He showed them to you – when you met – as few in your eyes, and He made you (appear as) few in their eyes. (This took place) so that God might decide the affair – it was done! To God all affairs are returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُ

are returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُ

return

The verb changes from the passive form 'turjaʿu' (are returned) in Hafs to the active form 'tarjiʿu' (return) in the variant, altering the vowels while keeping the consonantal skeleton identical.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Al-Anfal 8:60

وَأَعِدُّواْ لَهُم مَّا ٱسۡتَطَعۡتُم مِّن قُوَّةٖ وَمِن رِّبَاطِ ٱلۡخَيۡلِ تُرۡهِبُونَ بِهِۦ عَدُوَّ ٱللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمۡ وَءَاخَرِينَ مِن دُونِهِمۡ لَا تَعۡلَمُونَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُهُمۡۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن شَيۡءٖ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ يُوَفَّ إِلَيۡكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تُظۡلَمُونَ

Prepare for them whatever force and cavalry you can, to terrify by this means the enemy of God and your enemy, and others besides them. You do not know them, but God knows them. Whatever you contribute in the way of God will be repaid to you in full, and you will not be done evil.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡهِبُونَ

terrify

Variant Reading

تُرَهِّبُونَ

strongly terrify

The variant reads the verb in Form II (with a shaddah and fat-hah on the ha'), which conveys an intensive meaning ('strongly terrify'), whereas Hafs reads it in Form IV with a sukoon.

Read by:

Ruways

Al-Anfal 8:66

ٱلۡـَٰٔنَ خَفَّفَ ٱللَّهُ عَنكُمۡ وَعَلِمَ أَنَّ فِيكُمۡ ضَعۡفٗاۚ فَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُم مِّاْئَةٞ صَابِرَةٞ يَغۡلِبُواْ مِاْئَتَيۡنِۚ وَإِن يَكُن مِّنكُمۡ أَلۡفٞ يَغۡلِبُوٓاْ أَلۡفَيۡنِ بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ مَعَ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ

Now God has lightened (the task) for you, and He knows that (there is) weakness in you. If (there) are a hundred of you (who are) patient, they will overcome two hundred, and if (there) are a thousand of you, they will overcome two thousand by the permission of God. God is with the patient.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ضَعۡفٗا

weakness

Variant Reading

ضُعۡفٗا

weak people

A vowel change on the letter Dhad (from fatha to damma) shifts the interpretation from the abstract 'weakness' to referring to 'weak people'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

At-Tawbah 9:12

وَإِن نَّكَثُوٓاْ أَيۡمَٰنَهُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ عَهۡدِهِمۡ وَطَعَنُواْ فِي دِينِكُمۡ فَقَٰتِلُوٓاْ أَئِمَّةَ ٱلۡكُفۡرِ إِنَّهُمۡ لَآ أَيۡمَٰنَ لَهُمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَنتَهُونَ

But if they break their oaths, after their treaty, and vilify your religion, fight the leaders of disbelief – surely they have no (binding) oaths – so that they stop (fighting).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Different Word entirely
Original (Hafs)

أَيۡمَٰنَ

oaths

Variant Reading

إِيمَانَ

faith

A change in voweling shifts the word from 'aymān' (oaths, from the root y-m-n) to 'īmān' (faith, from the root a-m-n), altering the meaning of what the deniers are said to lack.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

At-Tawbah 9:37

إِنَّمَا ٱلنَّسِيٓءُ زِيَادَةٞ فِي ٱلۡكُفۡرِۖ يُضَلُّ بِهِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُحِلُّونَهُۥ عَامٗا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُۥ عَامٗا لِّيُوَاطِـُٔواْ عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّواْ مَا حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُۚ زُيِّنَ لَهُمۡ سُوٓءُ أَعۡمَٰلِهِمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ

The postponement is an increase of disbelief by which those who disbelieve go astray. They make it profane (one) year, and make it sacred (another) year, to adjust the number (of months) God has made sacred, and to profane what God has made sacred. The evil of their deeds is made to appear enticing to them, but God does not guide the people who are disbelievers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُضَلُّ

go astray

Variant Reading

يُضِلُّ

lead (others) astray

The verb changes from the passive form in Hafs (they are led astray / go astray) to the active transitive form in the variant (they lead others astray) due to a change in the diacritical vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُضَلُّ

are led astray

Variant Reading

يَضِلُّ

go astray

The verb changes from the passive 'yuḍallu' in Hafs (they are led astray) to the active 'yaḍillu' in the variant (they go astray themselves).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

At-Tawbah 9:40

إِلَّا تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدۡ نَصَرَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِذۡ أَخۡرَجَهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ثَانِيَ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ إِذۡ هُمَا فِي ٱلۡغَارِ إِذۡ يَقُولُ لِصَٰحِبِهِۦ لَا تَحۡزَنۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مَعَنَاۖ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُۥ عَلَيۡهِ وَأَيَّدَهُۥ بِجُنُودٖ لَّمۡ تَرَوۡهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ ٱلسُّفۡلَىٰۗ وَكَلِمَةُ ٱللَّهِ هِيَ ٱلۡعُلۡيَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ

If you do not help him, God has already helped him, when those who disbelieved expelled him, the second of two: when the two were in the cave, (and) when he said to his companion, ‘Do not sorrow, (for) surely God is with us.’ Then God sent down His Sakīna on him, and supported him with forces which you did not see, and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowest, while the word of God is the highest. God is mighty, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَكَلِمَةُ

while the word

Variant Reading

وَكَلِمَةَ

and the Word

The case vowel on the ta' marbuta changes from damma (nominative) in Hafs to fatha (accusative) in the variant (e.g., Ya'qub). In Hafs, it starts a new independent nominal sentence ('while the word of Allah is the highest'). In the variant, it is grammatically conjoined to the preceding clause, functioning as a direct object to the verb 'made' ('and made... the Word of Allah the highest').

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

At-Tawbah 9:61

وَمِنۡهُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ ٱلنَّبِيَّ وَيَقُولُونَ هُوَ أُذُنٞۚ قُلۡ أُذُنُ خَيۡرٖ لَّكُمۡ يُؤۡمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَيُؤۡمِنُ لِلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَرَحۡمَةٞ لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمۡۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٞ

(There are) some of them who hurt the prophet, and say, ‘He is all ears!’ Say: ‘Good ears for you! He believes in God and believes in the believers, and (he is) a mercy for those of you who believe. But those who hurt the messenger of God – for them (there is) a painful punishment.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَرَحۡمَةٞ

and (he is) a mercy

Variant Reading

وَرَحۡمَةٍ

and in mercy

Hafs reads 'rahmatun' (mercy) in the nominative case, acting as a predicate ('and he is a mercy'). The variant reads 'rahmatin' in the genitive case, coordinating it with the preceding prepositional phrase ('he believes in the believers and in mercy').

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

At-Tawbah 9:64

يَحۡذَرُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقُونَ أَن تُنَزَّلَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ سُورَةٞ تُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمۡۚ قُلِ ٱسۡتَهۡزِءُوٓاْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡرِجٞ مَّا تَحۡذَرُونَ

The hypocrites are afraid that a sūra will be sent down against them, informing them of what is in their hearts. Say: ‘Go on mocking! Surely God will bring forth what you are afraid of.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تُنَزَّلَ

be sent down

Variant Reading

تُنزَلَ

be sent down

The Hafs reading uses the Form II passive verb (tunazzala), implying a gradual or repeated sending down. The variant uses the Form IV passive verb (tunzala), implying a single, complete act of sending down.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

At-Tawbah 9:103

خُذۡ مِنۡ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ صَدَقَةٗ تُطَهِّرُهُمۡ وَتُزَكِّيهِم بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيۡهِمۡۖ إِنَّ صَلَوٰتَكَ سَكَنٞ لَّهُمۡۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

Take from their wealth a contribution, to cleanse them and purify them by means of it, and pray over them. Surely your prayers are a rest for them. God is hearing, knowing.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

صَلَوٰتَكَ

your prayers

Variant Reading

صَلَوَٰتِكَ

your prayers

Hafs reads the word as the singular 'ṣalātaka' (your prayer) with a fatḥah on the ta', while the variant reads it as the plural 'ṣalawātika' (your prayers) with a kasrah on the ta' for the accusative case.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

At-Tawbah 9:109

أَفَمَنۡ أَسَّسَ بُنۡيَٰنَهُۥ عَلَىٰ تَقۡوَىٰ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَٰنٍ خَيۡرٌ أَم مَّنۡ أَسَّسَ بُنۡيَٰنَهُۥ عَلَىٰ شَفَا جُرُفٍ هَارٖ فَٱنۡهَارَ بِهِۦ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

So is someone who founded his building on (the obligation of) guarding (oneself) against God, and (on His) approval, better, or someone who founded his building on the brink of a crumbling precipice, (which) then collapsed with him into the Fire of Gehenna? God does not guide the people who are evildoers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

أَسَّسَ بُنۡيَٰنَهُۥ

founded his building

Variant Reading

ا۟سِّسَ بُنْيَٰنُهُۥ

whose structure is founded

The verb changes from the active 'assasa' (he founded) to the passive 'ussisa' (is founded). Consequently, the following noun changes from the accusative direct object 'bunyānahu' to the nominative deputy subject 'bunyānuhu'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Warsh

At-Tawbah 9:111

۞إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱشۡتَرَىٰ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ أَنفُسَهُمۡ وَأَمۡوَٰلَهُم بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلۡجَنَّةَۚ يُقَٰتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ فَيَقۡتُلُونَ وَيُقۡتَلُونَۖ وَعۡدًا عَلَيۡهِ حَقّٗا فِي ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةِ وَٱلۡإِنجِيلِ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِۚ وَمَنۡ أَوۡفَىٰ بِعَهۡدِهِۦ مِنَ ٱللَّهِۚ فَٱسۡتَبۡشِرُواْ بِبَيۡعِكُمُ ٱلَّذِي بَايَعۡتُم بِهِۦۚ وَذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلۡفَوۡزُ ٱلۡعَظِيمُ

Surely God has purchased from the believers their lives and their wealth with (the price of) the Garden (in store) for them. They fight in the way of God, and they kill and are killed. (That is) a promise binding on Him in the Torah, and the Gospel, and the Qur’ān. Who fulfills his covenant better than God? So welcome the good news of the bargain you have made with Him. That is the great triumph!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

فَيَقۡتُلُونَ وَيُقۡتَلُونَ

they kill and are killed

Variant Reading

فَيُقۡتَلُونَ وَيَقۡتُلُونَ

they get killed and kill

The vowels on the two verbs are swapped, changing the sequence from active then passive (Hafs) to passive then active (Variant).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Yunus 10:3

إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٖ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِۖ يُدَبِّرُ ٱلۡأَمۡرَۖ مَا مِن شَفِيعٍ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ إِذۡنِهِۦۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ فَٱعۡبُدُوهُۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

Surely your Lord is God, who created the heavens and the earth in six days. Then He sat down on the throne. He directs the (whole) affair. (There is) no intercessor without His permission. That is God, your Lord, so serve Him! Will you not take heed?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant reads with a shadda (tashdeed) on the letter dhāl, representing the assimilation of an original tā', which adds a sense of intensity and continuity to the meaning ('constantly remember') compared to the lighter form in Hafs ('take heed').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hafs, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Yunus 10:4

إِلَيۡهِ مَرۡجِعُكُمۡ جَمِيعٗاۖ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقًّاۚ إِنَّهُۥ يَبۡدَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَلۡقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُۥ لِيَجۡزِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَهُمۡ شَرَابٞ مِّنۡ حَمِيمٖ وَعَذَابٌ أَلِيمُۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡفُرُونَ

To Him is your return – all (of you) – the promise of God in truth! Surely He brought about the creation, (and) then He restores it, so that He may repay those who believe and do righteous deeds in justice. But those who disbelieve – for them (there is) a drink of boiling (water) and a painful punishment, because they were disbelieving.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

إِنَّهُۥ

Surely He

Variant Reading

أَنَّهُۥ

that He

Hafs reads with a kasra on the hamza (innahu), beginning a new independent sentence ('Indeed, He...'). The variant reads with a fatha (annahu), making the clause subordinate and directly explaining the preceding 'promise' ('the promise... is that He...').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Yunus 10:11

۞وَلَوۡ يُعَجِّلُ ٱللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ ٱلشَّرَّ ٱسۡتِعۡجَالَهُم بِٱلۡخَيۡرِ لَقُضِيَ إِلَيۡهِمۡ أَجَلُهُمۡۖ فَنَذَرُ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَرۡجُونَ لِقَآءَنَا فِي طُغۡيَٰنِهِمۡ يَعۡمَهُونَ

If God were to hurry the evil for the people, (as) their seeking to hurry the good, their time would indeed have been completed for them. But We leave those who do not expect the meeting with Us in their insolent transgression, wandering blindly.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لَقُضِيَ

would indeed have been completed

Variant Reading

لَقَضَى

He would have fulfilled

Hafs reads the verb in the passive voice (quḍiya), whereas the variant reads it in the active voice (qaḍā) attributing the action directly to God, which also shifts 'their term' from the subject of the passive verb to the object of the active verb.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Rawh, Ruways

Yunus 10:23

فَلَمَّآ أَنجَىٰهُمۡ إِذَا هُمۡ يَبۡغُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّۗ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّمَا بَغۡيُكُمۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَنفُسِكُمۖ مَّتَٰعَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۖ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡنَا مَرۡجِعُكُمۡ فَنُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ

Yet when He has rescued them, suddenly they become greedy on the earth without any right. People! Your envy is only against yourselves – (the fleeting) enjoyment of this present life. Then to Us is your return, and We shall inform you about what you have done.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مَّتَٰعَ

enjoyment

Variant Reading

مَّتَٰعُ

is (only) the enjoyment

The word changes from the accusative case (mansub) in Hafs, acting as an adverbial expression of state or time, to the nominative case (marfu') in the variant, making it the predicate (khabar) of the sentence 'your oppression... is the enjoyment'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Yunus 10:27

وَٱلَّذِينَ كَسَبُواْ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ جَزَآءُ سَيِّئَةِۭ بِمِثۡلِهَا وَتَرۡهَقُهُمۡ ذِلَّةٞۖ مَّا لَهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ مِنۡ عَاصِمٖۖ كَأَنَّمَآ أُغۡشِيَتۡ وُجُوهُهُمۡ قِطَعٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ مُظۡلِمًاۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِيهَا خَٰلِدُونَ

But those who have done evil deeds – (the) payment for an evil deed is (an evil) like it – humiliation will cover them. They will have no protector from God. (It will be) as if their faces were covered (with) pieces of the darkness of night. Those are the companions of the Fire. There they will remain.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

قِطَعٗا

pieces

Variant Reading

قِطۡعٗا

dark phase

Hafs reads 'qiṭaʿan' (plural) meaning 'pieces', while the variant reads 'qiṭʿan' (singular noun) with a sukun on the letter ta, shifting the meaning to a 'portion' or 'dark phase' of the night.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways

Yunus 10:35

قُلۡ هَلۡ مِن شُرَكَآئِكُم مَّن يَهۡدِيٓ إِلَى ٱلۡحَقِّۚ قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يَهۡدِي لِلۡحَقِّۗ أَفَمَن يَهۡدِيٓ إِلَى ٱلۡحَقِّ أَحَقُّ أَن يُتَّبَعَ أَمَّن لَّا يَهِدِّيٓ إِلَّآ أَن يُهۡدَىٰۖ فَمَا لَكُمۡ كَيۡفَ تَحۡكُمُونَ

Say: ‘(Is there) any of your associates who (can) guide to the truth?’ Say: ‘God – He guides to the truth. Is He who guides to the truth more worthy to be followed, or he who does not guide unless he is guided? What is (the matter) with you? How do you judge?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَهِدِّيٓ

does not guide

Variant Reading

يَهْدِي

cannot guide (anyone)

The skeletal text (rasm) is identical, but the vowels and shaddah differ. Hafs reads 'yahiddī' (a contraction of the Form VIII 'yahtadī'), meaning 'to find guidance' or 'guide oneself'. The variant reads 'yahdī' (Form I), meaning 'to guide others'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Yunus 10:56

هُوَ يُحۡيِۦ وَيُمِيتُ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

He gives life and causes death, and to Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from passive in Hafs (turja'ūna - will be returned) to active in the variant (tarji'ūna - return) due to a change in vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Yunus 10:61

وَمَا تَكُونُ فِي شَأۡنٖ وَمَا تَتۡلُواْ مِنۡهُ مِن قُرۡءَانٖ وَلَا تَعۡمَلُونَ مِنۡ عَمَلٍ إِلَّا كُنَّا عَلَيۡكُمۡ شُهُودًا إِذۡ تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِۚ وَمَا يَعۡزُبُ عَن رَّبِّكَ مِن مِّثۡقَالِ ذَرَّةٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَلَآ أَصۡغَرَ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَآ أَكۡبَرَ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٖ مُّبِينٍ

You are not (engaged) in any matter, nor do you recite any recitation of it, nor do you do any deed, except (that) We are witnesses over you when you are busy with it. Not (even) the weight of a speck on the earth or in the sky escapes from your Lord, nor (is there anything) smaller than that or greater, except (that it is recorded) in a clear Book.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَصۡغَرَ

smaller

Variant Reading

أَصْغَرُ

smaller

Hafs reads 'asghara' (and 'akbara') in the accusative case (with fathah) as a negation, while the variant reads 'asgharu' (and 'akbaru') in the nominative case (with dammah) as the subject of a new clause.

Read by:

Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Yunus 10:71

۞وَٱتۡلُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ نَبَأَ نُوحٍ إِذۡ قَالَ لِقَوۡمِهِۦ يَٰقَوۡمِ إِن كَانَ كَبُرَ عَلَيۡكُم مَّقَامِي وَتَذۡكِيرِي بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ فَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ تَوَكَّلۡتُ فَأَجۡمِعُوٓاْ أَمۡرَكُمۡ وَشُرَكَآءَكُمۡ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُنۡ أَمۡرُكُمۡ عَلَيۡكُمۡ غُمَّةٗ ثُمَّ ٱقۡضُوٓاْ إِلَيَّ وَلَا تُنظِرُونِ

Recite to them the story of Noah: when he said to his people, ‘My people! If my stay (here) and my reminding (you) by the signs of God are hard on you, yet in God have I put my trust. So put together your plan, (you) and your associates. Then do not let your plan (be a cause of) distress for you. Then decide about me and do not spare me.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَأَجۡمِعُوٓاْ أَمۡرَكُمۡ وَشُرَكَآءَكُمۡ

put together your plan, (you) and your associates

Variant Reading

فَٱجۡمَعُوٓاْ أَمۡرَكُمۡ وَشُرَكَآءُكُمۡ

bring together all your matters, and so should your associates

The verb changes from Form IV (ajma'a - to resolve) to Form I (jama'a - to gather). Additionally, 'associates' changes from the accusative to the nominative case, making it an implied subject rather than a joined object.

Read by:

Ruways

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَشُرَكَآءَكُمۡ

(you) and your associates

Variant Reading

وَشُرَكَآؤُكُمۡ

and so should your associates

The case ending changes from accusative (with a fatha) to nominative (with a damma), shifting its grammatical role from an accompanying object to a coordinated subject.

Read by:

Rawh

Yunus 10:88

وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ رَبَّنَآ إِنَّكَ ءَاتَيۡتَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَمَلَأَهُۥ زِينَةٗ وَأَمۡوَٰلٗا فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا رَبَّنَا لِيُضِلُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِكَۖ رَبَّنَا ٱطۡمِسۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَمۡوَٰلِهِمۡ وَٱشۡدُدۡ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمۡ فَلَا يُؤۡمِنُواْ حَتَّىٰ يَرَوُاْ ٱلۡعَذَابَ ٱلۡأَلِيمَ

Moses said, ‘Our Lord, surely You have given Pharaoh and his assembly splendor and wealth in this present life, Our Lord, so that they might lead (people) astray from Your way. Our Lord, obliterate their wealth and harden their hearts, so that they do not believe until they see the painful punishment.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِيُضِلُّواْ

lead (people) astray

Variant Reading

لِيَضِلُّواْ

stray

The Hafs reading uses a damma on the prefix (li-yuḍillū), which corresponds to the transitive Form IV verb meaning 'to lead others astray'. The variant uses a fatha on the prefix (li-yaḍillū), corresponding to the intransitive Form I verb meaning 'to stray' themselves.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Yunus 10:90

۞وَجَٰوَزۡنَا بِبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَـٰٓءِيلَ ٱلۡبَحۡرَ فَأَتۡبَعَهُمۡ فِرۡعَوۡنُ وَجُنُودُهُۥ بَغۡيٗا وَعَدۡوًاۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَدۡرَكَهُ ٱلۡغَرَقُ قَالَ ءَامَنتُ أَنَّهُۥ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِيٓ ءَامَنَتۡ بِهِۦ بَنُوٓاْ إِسۡرَـٰٓءِيلَ وَأَنَا۠ مِنَ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ

And We crossed the sea with the Sons of Israel, and Pharaoh and his forces followed them (out of) envy and enmity, until, when the drowning overtook him, he said, ‘I believe that (there is) no god but the One in whom the Sons of Israel believe. I am one of those who submit.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّهُۥ

that

Variant Reading

إِنَّهُۥ

Indeed

Hafs reads with a fathah on the hamzah (annahu), forming a subordinate clause ('I believe that...'). The variant reads with a kasrah (innahu), beginning a new independent clause with emphasis ('I have attained belief. Indeed...').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Yunus 10:92

فَٱلۡيَوۡمَ نُنَجِّيكَ بِبَدَنِكَ لِتَكُونَ لِمَنۡ خَلۡفَكَ ءَايَةٗۚ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ عَنۡ ءَايَٰتِنَا لَغَٰفِلُونَ

Today We rescue you with your body, so that you may be a sign for those who succeed you. Yet surely many of the people are indeed oblivious of Our signs.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نُنَجِّيكَ

rescue you

Variant Reading

نُنْجِيكَ

save you

The verb shifts from Form II (nunajjīka, emphasizing intense or active rescuing) to Form IV (nunjīka, meaning to save). The letters remain identical, changing only in vowels and shaddah.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Yunus 10:103

ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي رُسُلَنَا وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۚ كَذَٰلِكَ حَقًّا عَلَيۡنَا نُنجِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

Then We rescue Our messengers and those who believe. In this way – (it is) an obligation on Us – We shall rescue the believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نُنَجِّي

rescue

Variant Reading

نُنْجِي

save

The variant reads the verb in Form IV (with a sukoon on the first nun and no shaddah on the jeem) instead of Form II (with a fatha on the nun and shaddah on the jeem), shifting the nuance from 'rescue' (intensive) to 'save'.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نُنجِ

We shall rescue

Variant Reading

نُنَجِّ

to deliver

The verb shifts from Form IV (nunji) in Hafs to Form II (nunajji) in the variant. While both mean to save or deliver, the variant harmonizes the morphological form with the first verb in the verse.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:3

وَأَنِ ٱسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمۡ ثُمَّ تُوبُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِ يُمَتِّعۡكُم مَّتَٰعًا حَسَنًا إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى وَيُؤۡتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضۡلٖ فَضۡلَهُۥۖ وَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَإِنِّيٓ أَخَافُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ عَذَابَ يَوۡمٖ كَبِيرٍ

And: ‘Ask forgiveness from your Lord, then turn to Him (in repentance). He will give you good enjoyment (of life) for an appointed time, and give His favor to everyone (deserving) of favor. If you turn away – surely I fear for you the punishment of a great Day.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَوَلَّوۡاْ

turn away

Variant Reading

تَّوَلَّوۡاْ

turn away

The variant reads with a shadda on the initial ta' (tatawallaw -> ttawallaw), assimilating the second ta' of the present tense verb, whereas Hafs reads with a single, ungeminated ta' indicating its omission. The core meaning remains the same.

Read by:

Bazzi

Hud 11:24

۞مَثَلُ ٱلۡفَرِيقَيۡنِ كَٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ وَٱلۡأَصَمِّ وَٱلۡبَصِيرِ وَٱلسَّمِيعِۚ هَلۡ يَسۡتَوِيَانِ مَثَلًاۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

The parable of the two groups is like the blind and the deaf, and the sighted and the hearing. Are they equal in comparison? Will you not take heed?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The Variant adds a shadda to the dhal, representing the assimilation (idgham) of a second ta' (from the original form tatadhakkarūna). This morphological intensification shifts the meaning from a general 'take heed' to a continuous 'constantly remember'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:28

قَالَ يَٰقَوۡمِ أَرَءَيۡتُمۡ إِن كُنتُ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٖ مِّن رَّبِّي وَءَاتَىٰنِي رَحۡمَةٗ مِّنۡ عِندِهِۦ فَعُمِّيَتۡ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَنُلۡزِمُكُمُوهَا وَأَنتُمۡ لَهَا كَٰرِهُونَ

He said, ‘My people! Do you see? If I (stand) on a clear sign from my Lord, and He has given me mercy from Himself, but it has been obscured for you, shall we compel you (to accept) it when you are unwilling?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

فَعُمِّيَتۡ

has been obscured

Variant Reading

فَعَمِيَتْ

became invisible

Hafs uses the passive Form II verb ('ummiyat) meaning 'it has been obscured', while the variant uses the active Form I verb ('amiyat) meaning 'it became invisible' or 'was hidden'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:30

وَيَٰقَوۡمِ مَن يَنصُرُنِي مِنَ ٱللَّهِ إِن طَرَدتُّهُمۡۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

My people! Who would help me against God if I drove them away? Will you not take heed?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant adds a shadda to the dhal (tashdīd), reflecting the assimilation of an original second ta' (tatadhakkarūna). This intensified form implies a more continuous or profound act of remembering compared to the lighter form in Hafs.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:34

وَلَا يَنفَعُكُمۡ نُصۡحِيٓ إِنۡ أَرَدتُّ أَنۡ أَنصَحَ لَكُمۡ إِن كَانَ ٱللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَن يُغۡوِيَكُمۡۚ هُوَ رَبُّكُمۡ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

My advice will not benefit you – (even) if I wish to advise you – if God wishes to make you err. He is your Lord, and to Him you will be returned.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive 'will be returned' (turja'ūn) to the active 'return' (tarji'ūn), simply by altering the vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Hud 11:40

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءَ أَمۡرُنَا وَفَارَ ٱلتَّنُّورُ قُلۡنَا ٱحۡمِلۡ فِيهَا مِن كُلّٖ زَوۡجَيۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ وَأَهۡلَكَ إِلَّا مَن سَبَقَ عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ وَمَنۡ ءَامَنَۚ وَمَآ ءَامَنَ مَعَهُۥٓ إِلَّا قَلِيلٞ

– Until, when Our command came and the oven boiled, We said, ‘Load into it two of every kind, a pair, and your family – except for the one against whom the word has (already) gone forth – and whoever has believed.’ But only a few had believed with him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كُلّٖ

every kind

Variant Reading

كُلِّ

each female and male kind

Hafs reads with tanween (kullin), making it independent ('of every kind'). The Variant reads without tanween (kulli) in a possessive construct (mudaf), meaning 'of every pair'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:41

۞وَقَالَ ٱرۡكَبُواْ فِيهَا بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ مَجۡرٜىٰهَا وَمُرۡسَىٰهَآۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي لَغَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ

And he said, ‘Sail in it! In the name of God (is) its running and its anchoring. Surely my Lord is indeed forgiving, compassionate.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مَجۡر۪ىٰهَا

its running

Variant Reading

مُجۡر۪ىٰهَا

who causes it to sail

Hafs reads with a fatha on the meem (derived from the Form I verb), meaning 'its running' or 'its sailing'. The variant reads with a damma on the meem (derived from the causative Form IV verb), shifting the meaning to the active causative 'who causes it to sail'.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:46

قَالَ يَٰنُوحُ إِنَّهُۥ لَيۡسَ مِنۡ أَهۡلِكَۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَمَلٌ غَيۡرُ صَٰلِحٖۖ فَلَا تَسۡـَٔلۡنِ مَا لَيۡسَ لَكَ بِهِۦ عِلۡمٌۖ إِنِّيٓ أَعِظُكَ أَن تَكُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡجَٰهِلِينَ

He said, ‘Noah! Surely he is not one of your family. Surely it is an unrighteous deed. So do not ask Me about what you have no knowledge of. Surely I admonish you not to be one of the ignorant.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

عَمَلٌ

deed

Variant Reading

عَمِلَ

acted

The word changes from the noun 'amalun (a deed) to the past tense verb 'amila (he acted). This shifts the meaning from describing his son's nature ('it is an unrighteous deed') to his son's actions ('he acted unrighteously').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Rawh, Ruways

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَلَا تَسۡـَٔلۡنِ

do not ask Me

Variant Reading

فَلَا تَسْـَٔلَنِّۦ

never ask me

The variant adds an emphatic nun (indicated by the shaddah and fatha on the lam), intensifying the prohibition from a simple 'do not ask' to a strong 'never ask'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Hud 11:57

فَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَقَدۡ أَبۡلَغۡتُكُم مَّآ أُرۡسِلۡتُ بِهِۦٓ إِلَيۡكُمۡۚ وَيَسۡتَخۡلِفُ رَبِّي قَوۡمًا غَيۡرَكُمۡ وَلَا تَضُرُّونَهُۥ شَيۡـًٔاۚ إِنَّ رَبِّي عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ حَفِيظٞ

If you turn away, I have delivered to you what I was sent to you with, and my Lord will make another people succeed you, and you will not harm Him at all. Surely my Lord is a watcher over everything.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَوَلَّوۡاْ

you turn away

Variant Reading

تَّوَلَّوۡاْ

youpl turn away

The variant reads with a shadda on the ta, reflecting the assimilation of an original second ta into the first (tatawallaw -> ttawallaw). Hafs reads with a single ta, omitting the second one for brevity. Both refer to the 2nd person plural 'you turn away'.

Read by:

Bazzi

Hud 11:81

قَالُواْ يَٰلُوطُ إِنَّا رُسُلُ رَبِّكَ لَن يَصِلُوٓاْ إِلَيۡكَۖ فَأَسۡرِ بِأَهۡلِكَ بِقِطۡعٖ مِّنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَلَا يَلۡتَفِتۡ مِنكُمۡ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا ٱمۡرَأَتَكَۖ إِنَّهُۥ مُصِيبُهَا مَآ أَصَابَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ مَوۡعِدَهُمُ ٱلصُّبۡحُۚ أَلَيۡسَ ٱلصُّبۡحُ بِقَرِيبٖ

They said, ‘Lot! Surely we are messengers of your Lord. They will not reach you. So journey with your family in a part of the night, and let none of you turn around, except your wife, (for) surely what is about to smite them is going to smite her. Surely their appointment is the morning. Is the morning not near?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱمۡرَأَتَكَ

except your wife

Variant Reading

ٱمۡرَأَتُكَ

except for your wife

The accusative case in Hafs (fat'hah) makes 'your wife' an exception from those traveling ('family'), while the nominative case (dammah) in the variant makes her an exception from those prohibited from looking back ('none of you').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Hud 11:87

قَالُواْ يَٰشُعَيۡبُ أَصَلَوٰتُكَ تَأۡمُرُكَ أَن نَّتۡرُكَ مَا يَعۡبُدُ ءَابَآؤُنَآ أَوۡ أَن نَّفۡعَلَ فِيٓ أَمۡوَٰلِنَا مَا نَشَـٰٓؤُاْۖ إِنَّكَ لَأَنتَ ٱلۡحَلِيمُ ٱلرَّشِيدُ

They said, ‘Shu‘ayb! Does your prayer command you that we should abandon what our fathers have served, or that (we should abandon) doing what we please with our wealth? Surely you – you indeed are the tolerant (and) right-minded one.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

أَصَلَوٰتُكَ

your prayer

Variant Reading

أَصَلَوَٰتُكَ

your prayers

Hafs reads the word as a singular noun 'prayer' (aṣalātuka), while the variant reads it as a plural noun 'prayers' (aṣalawātuka) by pronouncing the letter wāw.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:108

۞وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ سُعِدُواْ فَفِي ٱلۡجَنَّةِ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا مَا دَامَتِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتُ وَٱلۡأَرۡضُ إِلَّا مَا شَآءَ رَبُّكَۖ عَطَآءً غَيۡرَ مَجۡذُوذٖ

But as for those who are happy, (they will be) in the Garden, there to remain as long as the heavens and earth endure, except as your Lord pleases – an unceasing gift.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

سُعِدُواْ

are happy

Variant Reading

سَعِدُواْ

have become happy

Hafs reads the verb with a damma on the first letter as a passive verb 'su'idū' (were made happy), whereas the variant reads it with a fatha as an active verb 'sa'idū' (became happy).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Hud 11:111

وَإِنَّ كُلّٗا لَّمَّا لَيُوَفِّيَنَّهُمۡ رَبُّكَ أَعۡمَٰلَهُمۡۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ

Surely each (of them) – when your Lord will indeed pay them in full for their deeds. Surely He is aware of what they do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَإِنَّ كُلّٗا لَّمَّا

Surely each (of them) – when

Variant Reading

وَإِن كُلّاٗ لَّمَا

Yet to every one of them

The variant removes the shaddah from 'inna' (making it the lightened 'in') and from 'lamma' (making it 'lama'), altering the grammatical particles used for emphasis while preserving the overall meaning.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Warsh

Hud 11:123

وَلِلَّهِ غَيۡبُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَإِلَيۡهِ يُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأَمۡرُ كُلُّهُۥ فَٱعۡبُدۡهُ وَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَيۡهِۚ وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِغَٰفِلٍ عَمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ

To God (belongs) the unseen in the heavens and the earth, and to Him the affair – all of it – will be returned. So serve Him and put your trust in Him! Your Lord is not oblivious of what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡجَعُ

will be returned

Variant Reading

يَرۡجِعُ

returns

The verb changes from the passive 'yurja'u' (will be returned) in Hafs to the active 'yarji'u' (returns) in the variant, shifting the grammatical voice.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Rawh, Ruways

Yusuf 12:24

وَلَقَدۡ هَمَّتۡ بِهِۦۖ وَهَمَّ بِهَا لَوۡلَآ أَن رَّءَا بُرۡهَٰنَ رَبِّهِۦۚ كَذَٰلِكَ لِنَصۡرِفَ عَنۡهُ ٱلسُّوٓءَ وَٱلۡفَحۡشَآءَۚ إِنَّهُۥ مِنۡ عِبَادِنَا ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

Certainly she was obsessed with him, and he would have been obsessed with her, if (it had) not (been) that he saw a proof of his Lord. (It happened) in this way in order that We might turn evil and immorality away from him. Surely he was one of Our devoted servants.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

devoted

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ

sincere

The word changes from a passive participle (al-mukhlaṣīn, meaning chosen or purified) in Hafs to an active participle (al-mukhliṣīn, meaning sincere) in the variant due to a change in the vowel on the letter lam from fatha to kasra.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Yusuf 12:31

فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتۡ بِمَكۡرِهِنَّ أَرۡسَلَتۡ إِلَيۡهِنَّ وَأَعۡتَدَتۡ لَهُنَّ مُتَّكَـٔٗا وَءَاتَتۡ كُلَّ وَٰحِدَةٖ مِّنۡهُنَّ سِكِّينٗا وَقَالَتِ ٱخۡرُجۡ عَلَيۡهِنَّۖ فَلَمَّا رَأَيۡنَهُۥٓ أَكۡبَرۡنَهُۥ وَقَطَّعۡنَ أَيۡدِيَهُنَّ وَقُلۡنَ حَٰشَ لِلَّهِ مَا هَٰذَا بَشَرًا إِنۡ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا مَلَكٞ كَرِيمٞ

When she heard their cunning (gossip), she sent for them, and prepared a banquet for them, and gave each one of them a knife. Then she said (to Joseph), ‘Come forth to (wait on) them.’ When they saw him, they admired him, and cut their hands, and said, ‘God preserve (us)! This is no (mere) mortal. This is nothing but a splendid angel!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Different Word entirely
Original (Hafs)

مُتَّكَـٔٗا

a banquet

Variant Reading

مُتۡكٗا

citrus fruits

The Hafs reading 'muttaka'an' means a banquet or a place to recline. The variant reading 'mutkan' alters the vowels and drops the hamza (while sharing the same consonantal rasm), changing the word to mean a citron or citrus fruit, which contextually aligns with giving them knives to cut it.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Yusuf 12:33

قَالَ رَبِّ ٱلسِّجۡنُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا يَدۡعُونَنِيٓ إِلَيۡهِۖ وَإِلَّا تَصۡرِفۡ عَنِّي كَيۡدَهُنَّ أَصۡبُ إِلَيۡهِنَّ وَأَكُن مِّنَ ٱلۡجَٰهِلِينَ

He said, ‘My Lord, prison is preferable to me than what they invite me to. But unless You turn their plot away from me, I shall give in to them, and I shall become one of the ignorant.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ٱلسِّجۡنُ

prison

Variant Reading

ٱلسَّجۡنُ

imprisonment

Changing the vowel on the letter seen from a kasrah to a fatha changes the word from a concrete noun meaning the physical place ('prison') to a verbal noun/masdar indicating the action itself ('imprisonment').

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Yusuf 12:64

قَالَ هَلۡ ءَامَنُكُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ إِلَّا كَمَآ أَمِنتُكُمۡ عَلَىٰٓ أَخِيهِ مِن قَبۡلُ فَٱللَّهُ خَيۡرٌ حَٰفِظٗاۖ وَهُوَ أَرۡحَمُ ٱلرَّـٰحِمِينَ

He said, ‘Shall I trust you with him as I trusted you with his brother before? God is the best Watcher, and He (is) the most compassionate of the compassionate.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

حَٰفِظٗا

Watcher

Variant Reading

حِفْظٗا

preservation

The word changes from the active participle 'ḥāfiẓan' (Watcher/Protector) in Hafs to the verbal noun 'ḥifẓan' (preservation) in the variant reading, sharing the same Uthmani rasm (حفظا).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hafs, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Yusuf 12:76

فَبَدَأَ بِأَوۡعِيَتِهِمۡ قَبۡلَ وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَخۡرَجَهَا مِن وِعَآءِ أَخِيهِۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كِدۡنَا لِيُوسُفَۖ مَا كَانَ لِيَأۡخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِي دِينِ ٱلۡمَلِكِ إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُۚ نَرۡفَعُ دَرَجَٰتٖ مَّن نَّشَآءُۗ وَفَوۡقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلۡمٍ عَلِيمٞ

So he began with their packs before (searching) his brother’s pack, (and) then he brought it out of his brother’s pack. In this way We plotted for (the sake of) Joseph. He was not one to take his brother, in (accord with) the religion of the king, unless God had (so) pleased. We raise in rank whomever We please, and above everyone who has knowledge is the One who knows.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

دَرَجَٰتٖ

in rank

Variant Reading

دَرَجَٰتِ

the degrees (ranks) of

The Hafs reading uses tanween (darajātin), acting as an adverbial specification ('We raise whom We please in rank/degrees'), while the variant drops the tanween to form an Idafah possessive construction ('We raise the degrees of whomever').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Yusuf 12:110

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا ٱسۡتَيۡـَٔسَ ٱلرُّسُلُ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَنَّهُمۡ قَدۡ كُذِبُواْ جَآءَهُمۡ نَصۡرُنَا فَنُجِّيَ مَن نَّشَآءُۖ وَلَا يُرَدُّ بَأۡسُنَا عَنِ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمِينَ

– Until, when the messengers had given up hope, and thought that they had been lied to, Our help came to them, and those whom We pleased were rescued. But Our violence was not turned back from the people who were sinners.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

كُذِبُواْ

lied to

Variant Reading

كُذِّبُواْ

deemed liars

The change from Form I passive (كُذِبُوا - were lied to) to Form II passive (كُذِّبُوا - were deemed liars) occurs by adding a shaddah, shifting the meaning from the messengers thinking they were given false promises to them thinking their people completely rejected them as liars.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ar-Ra'd 13:3

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي مَدَّ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَٰسِيَ وَأَنۡهَٰرٗاۖ وَمِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ جَعَلَ فِيهَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِۖ يُغۡشِي ٱلَّيۡلَ ٱلنَّهَارَۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ

He (it is) who stretched out the earth, and placed on it firm mountains and rivers. And of all the fruits He has placed on it two in pairs. He covers the day with the night. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who reflect.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُغۡشِي

covers

Variant Reading

يُغَشِّي

tightly overwhelm

The variant uses Form II (yughashshī) with a shadda (tashdeed) instead of Hafs's Form IV (yughshī), which shifts the verb's form to indicate intensification, meaning to cover completely or tightly.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

Ar-Ra'd 13:4

وَفِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ قِطَعٞ مُّتَجَٰوِرَٰتٞ وَجَنَّـٰتٞ مِّنۡ أَعۡنَٰبٖ وَزَرۡعٞ وَنَخِيلٞ صِنۡوَانٞ وَغَيۡرُ صِنۡوَانٖ يُسۡقَىٰ بِمَآءٖ وَٰحِدٖ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعۡضَهَا عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖ فِي ٱلۡأُكُلِۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ

On the earth (there are) parts neighboring (each other), and gardens of grapes, and (fields of) crops, and palm trees, (growing in) bunches and singly, (all) watered with one water. Yet We favor some of it over others in fruit. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who understand.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَزَرۡعٞ وَنَخِيلٞ

and (fields of) crops, and palm trees

Variant Reading

وَزَرْعٖ وَنَخِيلٖ

and (of) vegetation and (of) date-palms

Hafs reads in the nominative case (marfu'), conjoining the words to 'gardens' (jannatun). The variant reads them in the genitive case (majrur), conjoining them to 'vines' (a'nabin), meaning 'gardens of vines, of vegetation, and of date-palms'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Shu'bah, Warsh

Ar-Ra'd 13:33

أَفَمَنۡ هُوَ قَآئِمٌ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ نَفۡسِۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتۡۗ وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ شُرَكَآءَ قُلۡ سَمُّوهُمۡۚ أَمۡ تُنَبِّـُٔونَهُۥ بِمَا لَا يَعۡلَمُ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَم بِظَٰهِرٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِۗ بَلۡ زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مَكۡرُهُمۡ وَصُدُّواْ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۗ وَمَن يُضۡلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُۥ مِنۡ هَادٖ

Is He who stands over every person for what he has earned [. . .]? They have set up associates for God. Say: ‘Name them! Or will you inform Him about what He does not know on the earth, or about what is said openly?’ No! Their scheming is made to appear enticing to those who disbelieve, and they are kept from the way. Whoever God leads astray has no guide.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

وَصُدُّواْ

they are kept

Variant Reading

وَصَدُّواْ

they barred

The vowel on the letter Sad changes from a damma in Hafs to a fatha in the variant, changing the verb from the passive voice (they were kept away) to the active voice (they barred others).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Ar-Ra'd 13:39

يَمۡحُواْ ٱللَّهُ مَا يَشَآءُ وَيُثۡبِتُۖ وَعِندَهُۥٓ أُمُّ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ

God blots out whatever He pleases, and He confirms (whatever He pleases). With Him is the mother of the Book.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَيُثۡبِتُ

and He confirms

Variant Reading

وَيُثَبِّتُ

and He firmly keeps

The reading shifts from the Form IV verb 'yuthbitu' (He confirms) to the Form II verb 'yuthabbitu' (He firmly keeps). The consonantal skeleton remains the same, but the change in vowels and the addition of a shaddah intensify the meaning of the action.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Warsh

Ar-Ra'd 13:42

وَقَدۡ مَكَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ فَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡمَكۡرُ جَمِيعٗاۖ يَعۡلَمُ مَا تَكۡسِبُ كُلُّ نَفۡسٖۗ وَسَيَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡكُفَّـٰرُ لِمَنۡ عُقۡبَى ٱلدَّارِ

Those who were before them schemed, but the scheme (belongs) to God altogether. He knows what every person earns, and soon the disbelievers will know to whom the outcome of the Home (belongs).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡكُفَّٰرُ

the disbelievers

Variant Reading

اُ۬لْكَٰفِرُ

the denier

The word changes from the plural 'al-kuffār' (the disbelievers) to the singular 'al-kāfir' (the denier). Both words share the identical consonantal skeleton (الكفر) in the Uthmani script; the variation relies purely on the vowels and the placement of the dagger alif.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Ibrahim 14:2

ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِي لَهُۥ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ وَوَيۡلٞ لِّلۡكَٰفِرِينَ مِنۡ عَذَابٖ شَدِيدٍ

God who – to Him (belongs) whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. Woe to the disbelievers because of a harsh punishment!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱللَّهِ

God

Variant Reading

اِ۬للَّهُ

(He is) Allah

Hafs reads the word with a kasrah (genitive case) as an apposition continuing from the previous verse. The variant reads it with a dammah (nominative case), making it an independent sentence.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱللَّهِ

God

Variant Reading

ٱللَّهُ

(He is) Allah

Hafs reads 'Allah' in the genitive case (majrur) as an apposition continuing from the attributes in the previous verse. The variant reads it in the nominative case (marfu') to begin a completely new sentence, implying '(He is) Allah'.

Read by:

Ruways

Ibrahim 14:30

وَجَعَلُواْ لِلَّهِ أَندَادٗا لِّيُضِلُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦۗ قُلۡ تَمَتَّعُواْ فَإِنَّ مَصِيرَكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ

They have set up rivals to God in order to lead (people) astray from His way. Say: ‘Enjoy (yourselves)! Surely your destination is to the Fire!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِّيُضِلُّواْ

to lead (people) astray

Variant Reading

لِّيَضِلُّواْ

to stray

The vowel change on the first letter from Damma (yu) to Fatha (ya) changes the verb from the causative Form IV 'to lead others astray' to the intransitive Form I 'to stray themselves'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi

Al-Hijr 15:40

إِلَّا عِبَادَكَ مِنۡهُمُ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

– except for Your devoted servants among them.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

devoted

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ

sincere

The vowel on the letter lām changes from a fatḥah in Hafs to a kasrah in the variant. This shifts the word from a passive participle (ism maf'ūl) meaning 'those chosen/purified' (devoted) to an active participle (ism fā'il) meaning 'those who purify their faith' (sincere).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Hijr 15:41

قَالَ هَٰذَا صِرَٰطٌ عَلَيَّ مُسۡتَقِيمٌ

He said, ‘This is the straight path (incumbent) on Me.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Different Word entirely
Original (Hafs)

عَلَيَّ

(incumbent) on Me

Variant Reading

عَلِيٌّ

high

A change in vowels alters the word from a preposition combined with a pronoun ('alayya' - upon Me) to an adjective ('aliyyun' - high or exalted).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Hijr 15:54

قَالَ أَبَشَّرۡتُمُونِي عَلَىٰٓ أَن مَّسَّنِيَ ٱلۡكِبَرُ فَبِمَ تُبَشِّرُونَ

He said, ‘Do you give me good news, even though old age has touched me? What good news do you give me?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Addition / Omission of Word
Original (Hafs)

تُبَشِّرُونَ

do you give me

Variant Reading

تُبَشِّرُونِ

could you give me

The variant changes the final vowel on the nun from a fatha to a kasrah, which serves to imply the addition of an elided first-person object pronoun ('me'), whereas Hafs does not affix the explicit pronoun suffix.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Al-Hijr 15:59

إِلَّآ ءَالَ لُوطٍ إِنَّا لَمُنَجُّوهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ

except for the house(hold) of Lot. Surely we shall indeed rescue them – all (of them)

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَمُنَجُّوهُمۡ

rescue them

Variant Reading

لَمُنْجُوهُمْ

save them

The difference lies in the verb form: Hafs uses Form II (لَمُنَجُّوهُمۡ) with a shaddah on the jeem, which can imply a more intense or drawn-out process of rescuing. The variant reading uses Form IV (لَمُنْجُوهُمْ) with a sukoon on the noon and a light jeem, denoting the general act of saving.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

An-Nahl 16:2

يُنَزِّلُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰٓئِكَةَ بِٱلرُّوحِ مِنۡ أَمۡرِهِۦ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦٓ أَنۡ أَنذِرُوٓاْ أَنَّهُۥ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّآ أَنَا۠ فَٱتَّقُونِ

He sends down the angels with the spirit of His command on whomever He pleases of His servants: ‘Give warning that (there is) no god but Me, so guard (yourselves) against Me!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ

He sends down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلُ

He sends down

The verb shifts from Form II (yunazzilu), implying a gradual or repeated sending down, to Form IV (yunzilu), implying a singular or immediate act of sending down.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةَ

He sends down the angels

Variant Reading

تُنَزَّلُ ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ

The angels are bestowed from on high

The verb changes from the active 'He sends down' (يُنَزِّلُ) to the passive 'are sent down / bestowed' (تُنَزَّلُ), changing 'the angels' from the grammatical object to the subject.

Read by:

Rawh

An-Nahl 16:12

وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلَّيۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَۖ وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتُۢ بِأَمۡرِهِۦٓۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ

He subjected the night and the day for you, and the sun and the moon, and the stars (are) subjected by His command. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who understand.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلشَّمۡسَ وَٱلۡقَمَرَ

and the sun and the moon,

Variant Reading

وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُ

And the sun and the moon

The words for 'the sun' and 'the moon' change from accusative objects (fatha) of the previous verb to nominative subjects (damma) of a new nominal sentence, grouping them with 'the stars'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَٰتُۢ

and the stars (are) subjected

Variant Reading

وَالنُّجُومَ مُسَخَّرَٰتِۢ

and the stars—(all) subjected

In Hafs, 'the stars' is in the nominative case as the subject of a new clause. In the variant, 'the stars' is in the accusative case, continuing the list of objects subjected by Him, with 'subjected' functioning as a circumstantial modifier (hal) in the accusative case.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nahl 16:17

أَفَمَن يَخۡلُقُ كَمَن لَّا يَخۡلُقُۚ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

Is the One who creates like the one who does not create? Will you not take heed?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant adds a shadda (tashdid) on the letter dhal, indicating the assimilation of a 'ta' prefix into the 'dhal' (tadhdhakkarūn instead of tadhakkarūn). This intensification alters the meaning slightly to imply continuous or emphasized remembrance.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nahl 16:27

ثُمَّ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ يُخۡزِيهِمۡ وَيَقُولُ أَيۡنَ شُرَكَآءِيَ ٱلَّذِينَ كُنتُمۡ تُشَـٰٓقُّونَ فِيهِمۡۚ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡعِلۡمَ إِنَّ ٱلۡخِزۡيَ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ وَٱلسُّوٓءَ عَلَى ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ

Then on the Day of Resurrection He will disgrace them, and say, ‘Where are My associates for whose sake you broke away?’ Those who were given the knowledge will say, ‘Surely today disgrace and evil are on the disbelievers,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Addition / Omission of Word
Original (Hafs)

تُشَٰٓقُّونَ

you broke away

Variant Reading

تُشَٰٓقُّونِ

you used to oppose Me

The vowel on the final 'nun' changes from a fatha in Hafs to a kasra in the variant. This kasra indicates an elided first-person object pronoun (ya al-mutakallim), thereby adding the specific meaning 'Me' to the verb.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

An-Nahl 16:37

إِن تَحۡرِصۡ عَلَىٰ هُدَىٰهُمۡ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَهۡدِي مَن يُضِلُّۖ وَمَا لَهُم مِّن نَّـٰصِرِينَ

If you are eager for their guidance – surely God does not guide those whom He leads astray. They will have no helpers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَهۡدِي

guide

Variant Reading

يُهْد۪ىٰ

be guided

The verb changes from the active 'yahdī' (He guides) to the passive 'yuhdā' (is guided), shifting the grammatical focus from Allah's action to the state of those led astray.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

An-Nahl 16:40

إِنَّمَا قَوۡلُنَا لِشَيۡءٍ إِذَآ أَرَدۡنَٰهُ أَن نَّقُولَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

Our only word to a thing, when We intend it, is that We say to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The vowel on the letter nun changes from a damma (nominative) to a fatha (accusative/subjunctive). In Hafs, it is read as an independent indicative clause ('and it is'). In the variant, it is read in the subjunctive case coupled with the preceding particle of intent ('so that it is' or 'so it is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

An-Nahl 16:62

وَيَجۡعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ مَا يَكۡرَهُونَۚ وَتَصِفُ أَلۡسِنَتُهُمُ ٱلۡكَذِبَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ ٱلنَّارَ وَأَنَّهُم مُّفۡرَطُونَ

They assign to God what they (themselves) dislike, and their tongues allege the lie that the best is for them. (There is) no doubt that the Fire (is fitting) for them, and that they (will) be rushed (into it).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُّفۡرَطُونَ

rushed

Variant Reading

مُّفْرِطُونَ

neglecting

The vowel on the letter ra' changes from a fatha to a kasrah, shifting the word from a passive participle (those rushed into the Fire) to an active participle (those neglecting their duties or exceeding bounds).

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُّفۡرَطُونَ

rushed (into it)

Variant Reading

مُّفْرِطُونَ

gone too far

The vowel on the letter ra' changes from a fatha in Hafs (passive participle) to a kasra in the variant (active participle). This shifts the meaning from being rushed into the Fire (passive) to those who actively exceed bounds or go too far (active).

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

An-Nahl 16:90

۞إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأۡمُرُ بِٱلۡعَدۡلِ وَٱلۡإِحۡسَٰنِ وَإِيتَآيِٕ ذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَيَنۡهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلۡفَحۡشَآءِ وَٱلۡمُنكَرِ وَٱلۡبَغۡيِۚ يَعِظُكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ

Surely God commands justice and good, and giving to family, and He forbids immorality, and wrong, and envy. He admonishes you so that you may take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant recitation adds a shaddah (tashdeed) to the letter dhal, indicating the assimilation of an underlying second 'ta' (tatadhakkarun). This morphological emphasis intensifies the meaning from simply taking heed to continuously and deeply remembering.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nahl 16:101

وَإِذَا بَدَّلۡنَآ ءَايَةٗ مَّكَانَ ءَايَةٖ وَٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يُنَزِّلُ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ مُفۡتَرِۭۚ بَلۡ أَكۡثَرُهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ

When We exchange a verse in place of (another) verse – and God knows what He sends down – they say, ‘You are only a forger!’ No! But most of them do not know (anything).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ

He sends down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلُ

He sends down

The verb shifts from Form II (yunazzilu), which implies sending down gradually or in stages, to Form IV (yunzilu), which simply means sending down in a general sense or all at once.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Al-Isra 17:13

وَكُلَّ إِنسَٰنٍ أَلۡزَمۡنَٰهُ طَـٰٓئِرَهُۥ فِي عُنُقِهِۦۖ وَنُخۡرِجُ لَهُۥ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ كِتَٰبٗا يَلۡقَىٰهُ مَنشُورًا

And every human – We have fastened his fate to him on his neck, and We shall bring forth a book for him on the Day of Resurrection, which he will find unrolled.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَلۡقَىٰهُ

he will find

Variant Reading

يُلَقَّاهُ

he will receive

The verb changes from the active 'yalqāhu' (he will find it) to the passive 'yulaqqāhu' (he will be made to receive it), altering the focus from the act of finding to the act of receiving.

Al-Isra 17:16

وَإِذَآ أَرَدۡنَآ أَن نُّهۡلِكَ قَرۡيَةً أَمَرۡنَا مُتۡرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُواْ فِيهَا فَحَقَّ عَلَيۡهَا ٱلۡقَوۡلُ فَدَمَّرۡنَٰهَا تَدۡمِيرٗا

When We wish to destroy a town, We (first) command its affluent ones, and they act wickedly in it, so that the word against it is proved true, and We destroy it completely.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَمَرۡنَا

We command

Variant Reading

أَمَّرْنَا

We make in command

The variant adds a shaddah to the letter mim, changing the verb from Form I (to command) to Form II (to appoint as commanders / give authority).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Isra 17:41

وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا فِي هَٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ لِيَذَّكَّرُواْ وَمَا يَزِيدُهُمۡ إِلَّا نُفُورٗا

Certainly We have varied (the signs) in this Qur’ān, so that they may take heed, but it only increases them in aversion (to it).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِيَذَّكَّرُواْ

take heed

Variant Reading

لِيَذْكُرُواْ

remember

The Hafs reading uses a shaddah on the dhal and a fatha on the kaf (from Form V), meaning 'to take heed' or 'to reflect'. The variant uses a sukoon on the dhal and a dammah on the kaf (Form I), meaning 'to remember'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Isra 17:82

وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ مَا هُوَ شِفَآءٞ وَرَحۡمَةٞ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَلَا يَزِيدُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ إِلَّا خَسَارٗا

What We send down of the Qur’ān is a healing and mercy for the believers, but it only increases the evildoers in loss.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَنُنَزِّلُ

We send down

Variant Reading

وَنُنزِلُ

We send down

The verb changes from Form II (nunazzilu), which implies sending down gradually or in stages, to Form IV (nunzilu), which implies sending down in a general or single act.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Isra 17:102

قَالَ لَقَدۡ عَلِمۡتَ مَآ أَنزَلَ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ إِلَّا رَبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ بَصَآئِرَ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ يَٰفِرۡعَوۡنُ مَثۡبُورٗا

He said, ‘Certainly you know that no one has sent down these (signs) as clear proofs except the Lord of the heavens and the earth. Pharaoh! Surely I think you are doomed indeed.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change of Person
Original (Hafs)

عَلِمۡتَ

you know

Variant Reading

عَلِمۡتُ

I have known

The vowel on the pronoun suffix 'taa' changes from a fatha (2nd person singular, 'you know') to a damma (1st person singular, 'I know'). This shifts the statement from Moses declaring Pharaoh's knowledge to Moses asserting his own knowledge.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Al-Kahf 18:44

هُنَالِكَ ٱلۡوَلَٰيَةُ لِلَّهِ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ هُوَ خَيۡرٞ ثَوَابٗا وَخَيۡرٌ عُقۡبٗا

In such a case protection (belongs only) to God, the True One. He is best in reward, and best in final outcome.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡوَلَٰيَةُ

protection

Variant Reading

ٱلۡوِلَٰيَةُ

authority

Changing the vowel on the first letter (waw) from a fatha to a kasrah shifts the meaning of the verbal noun from 'protection' or 'alliance' (walāyah) to 'authority' or 'dominion' (wilāyah).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Kahf 18:45

وَٱضۡرِبۡ لَهُم مَّثَلَ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَا كَمَآءٍ أَنزَلۡنَٰهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَٱخۡتَلَطَ بِهِۦ نَبَاتُ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَأَصۡبَحَ هَشِيمٗا تَذۡرُوهُ ٱلرِّيَٰحُۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ مُّقۡتَدِرًا

Strike for them a parable of this present life: (It is) like water which We send down from the sky, and the vegetation of the earth mingles with it, and it becomes stubble which the winds scatter. God is powerful over everything.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَذۡرُوهُ ٱلرِّيَٰحُ

which the winds scatter

Variant Reading

تُذۡرُوهُ ٱلرِّيَٰحُ

scattered by the winds

The vowel change on the verb shifts it from the active voice ('which the winds scatter') to the passive voice ('scattered by the winds').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Kahf 18:51

۞مَّآ أَشۡهَدتُّهُمۡ خَلۡقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَا خَلۡقَ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَمَا كُنتُ مُتَّخِذَ ٱلۡمُضِلِّينَ عَضُدٗا

I did not make them witnesses of the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor of the creation of themselves. I am not one to take those who lead (others) astray (for) support.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change of Person
Original (Hafs)

كُنتُ

I am

Variant Reading

كُنتَ

were you

The vowel on the letter ta changes from a damma (u) to a fatha (a), shifting the pronoun from the first person singular ('I', referring to Allah) to the second person singular ('you', referring to the Prophet).

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Kahf 18:55

وَمَا مَنَعَ ٱلنَّاسَ أَن يُؤۡمِنُوٓاْ إِذۡ جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ رَبَّهُمۡ إِلَّآ أَن تَأۡتِيَهُمۡ سُنَّةُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ أَوۡ يَأۡتِيَهُمُ ٱلۡعَذَابُ قُبُلٗا

Nothing prevented the people from believing, when the guidance came to them, and from asking forgiveness from their Lord, except that the customary way of those of old should come upon them, or the punishment come upon them head on.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قُبُلٗا

head on

Variant Reading

قِبَلاٗ

face to face

The vowels change from 'qubulan' to 'qibalan', altering the nuance from 'head on' to 'face to face' or 'directly'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Kahf 18:59

وَتِلۡكَ ٱلۡقُرَىٰٓ أَهۡلَكۡنَٰهُمۡ لَمَّا ظَلَمُواْ وَجَعَلۡنَا لِمَهۡلِكِهِم مَّوۡعِدٗا

Those towns – We destroyed them when they did evil, and We set an appointment for their destruction.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِمَهۡلِكِهِم

destruction

Variant Reading

لِمُهْلَكِهِم

annihilation

The vowel change from a fatha (mahlik) to a damma (muhlak) shifts the derivation from a Form I verbal noun to a Form IV passive participle or noun of place/time, slightly altering the nuance from 'destruction' to 'annihilation'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Kahf 18:70

قَالَ فَإِنِ ٱتَّبَعۡتَنِي فَلَا تَسۡـَٔلۡنِي عَن شَيۡءٍ حَتَّىٰٓ أُحۡدِثَ لَكَ مِنۡهُ ذِكۡرٗا

He said, ‘If you follow (me), do not ask me about anything, until I mention it to you.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَسۡـَٔلۡنِي

ask me

Variant Reading

تَسْـَٔلَنِّے

ever ask me

The variant adds the emphatic nun (nun al-tawkid) with a shadda, changing the vowel on the lam to a fatha. This shifts the meaning from a simple prohibition to a strong, emphatic one.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Kahf 18:77

فَٱنطَلَقَا حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَآ أَتَيَآ أَهۡلَ قَرۡيَةٍ ٱسۡتَطۡعَمَآ أَهۡلَهَا فَأَبَوۡاْ أَن يُضَيِّفُوهُمَا فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارٗا يُرِيدُ أَن يَنقَضَّ فَأَقَامَهُۥۖ قَالَ لَوۡ شِئۡتَ لَتَّخَذۡتَ عَلَيۡهِ أَجۡرٗا

So they both set out (and continued on) until, when they came to the people of a town, they asked its people for food, but they refused to offer them hospitality. They both found in it a wall on the verge of collapse, and he set it up. He said, ‘If you had wished, you could indeed have taken a reward for that.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَتَّخَذۡتَ

could indeed have taken

Variant Reading

لَتَخِذۡتَ

could have taken

Hafs reads with a shaddah on the taa' and a fatha on the khaa' (Form VIII verb 'ittakhadha', implying effort or emphasis). The variant reads with a single taa' (no shaddah) and a kasrah on the khaa' (Form I verb 'takhidha'). The Uthmani skeleton (rasm) is identical, but the diacritical marks shift the morphological form while retaining the same core meaning of taking.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Kahf 18:88

وَأَمَّا مَنۡ ءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلَهُۥ جَزَآءً ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۖ وَسَنَقُولُ لَهُۥ مِنۡ أَمۡرِنَا يُسۡرٗا

But as for the one who believes, and does righteousness, for him (there is) the good payment, and we shall speak to him something easy from our command.”

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

جَزَآءً

payment

Variant Reading

جَزَآءُ

repayment for

Hafs reads 'jazā'an' in the accusative case (mansub) with tanween, acting as tamyeez or hal. The variant reads 'jazā'u' in the nominative case (marfu') with a single damma, forming a genitive construction (idafah) with the following word 'al-ḥusnā'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Kahf 18:93

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ بَيۡنَ ٱلسَّدَّيۡنِ وَجَدَ مِن دُونِهِمَا قَوۡمٗا لَّا يَكَادُونَ يَفۡقَهُونَ قَوۡلٗا

until, when he arrived (at the place) between the two barriers, he found on this side of them a people hardly able to understand (his) speech.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَفۡقَهُونَ

understand

Variant Reading

يُفۡقِهُونَ

make others comprehend

The change in vowels shifts the verb from Form I 'yafqahūna' (to understand) to Form IV causative 'yufqihūna' (to make someone understand). In Hafs, they cannot understand speech; in the variant, they cannot make their speech understood by others.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Maryam 19:24

فَنَادَىٰهَا مِن تَحۡتِهَآ أَلَّا تَحۡزَنِي قَدۡ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحۡتَكِ سَرِيّٗا

And then he called out to her from beneath her, ‘Do not sorrow! Your Lord has made a stream beneath you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مِن تَحۡتِهَا

from beneath her

Variant Reading

مَن تَحۡتَهَا

the one beneath her

Changing the vowel on the first letter from a kasra ('min' meaning 'from') to a fatha ('man' meaning 'the one who') transforms the word from a preposition into a relative pronoun. Consequently, the grammatical case of 'beneath' changes, and 'the one beneath her' becomes the subject of the calling.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

Maryam 19:34

ذَٰلِكَ عِيسَى ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَۖ قَوۡلَ ٱلۡحَقِّ ٱلَّذِي فِيهِ يَمۡتَرُونَ

That was Jesus, son of Mary – a statement of the truth about which they are in doubt.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

قَوۡلَ

a statement

Variant Reading

قَوْلُ

(that is) the word

The word changes from the accusative case (qawla) to the nominative case (qawlu), shifting its grammatical role from an absolute object (maf'ul mutlaq) to the predicate (khabar) of an implied subject.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Maryam 19:40

إِنَّا نَحۡنُ نَرِثُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَمَنۡ عَلَيۡهَا وَإِلَيۡنَا يُرۡجَعُونَ

Surely We shall inherit the earth, and whoever is on it, and to Us they will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡجَعُونَ

they will be returned

Variant Reading

يَرۡجِعُونَ

they return

The verb changes from the passive form in Hafs (yurjaʿūn - they will be returned) to the active form in the variant (yarjiʿūn - they return) by changing the internal vowels, while the consonantal text remains identical.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Maryam 19:51

وَٱذۡكُرۡ فِي ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ مُوسَىٰٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ مُخۡلَصٗا وَكَانَ رَسُولٗا نَّبِيّٗا

And remember in the Book Moses: Surely he was devoted, and he was a messenger, a prophet.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُخۡلَصٗا

devoted

Variant Reading

مُخْلِصاٗ

sincere

Hafs reads with a fatha on the lam (mukhlaṣan), making it a passive participle meaning 'purified' or 'chosen' by Allah. The variant reads with a kasra on the lam (mukhliṣan), making it an active participle meaning 'sincere' or 'devoting' himself purely to Allah.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Maryam 19:60

إِلَّا مَن تَابَ وَءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ يَدۡخُلُونَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظۡلَمُونَ شَيۡـٔٗا

– except for the one who turns (in repentance), and believes, and does righteousness. Those will enter the Garden, and they will not be done evil at all

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَدۡخُلُونَ

will enter

Variant Reading

يُدۡخَلُونَ

shall be entered

The verb is changed from the active form (they will enter) to the passive form (they shall be entered) by changing the vowels.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

Maryam 19:72

ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَواْ وَّنَذَرُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيّٗا

Then We shall rescue the ones who guarded (themselves), and leave the evildoers in it (on) bended knees.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نُنَجِّي

We shall rescue

Variant Reading

نُنْجِي

We save

The verb changes from Form II (nunajjī) to Form IV (nunjī) by altering the vowels and removing the shaddah. Form II often implies an intensive, gradual, or repeated rescuing, whereas Form IV implies a single, immediate act of saving.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Rawh, Ruways

Maryam 19:73

وَإِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءَايَٰتُنَا بَيِّنَٰتٖ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَيُّ ٱلۡفَرِيقَيۡنِ خَيۡرٞ مَّقَامٗا وَأَحۡسَنُ نَدِيّٗا

When Our signs are recited to them as clear signs, those who disbelieve say to those who believe, ‘Which of the two groups is better in status and better as a cohort?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مَّقَامٗا

status

Variant Reading

مُّقَامٗا

dwelling place

The change in the first vowel from a fat-ha (maqām) to a damma (muqām) alters the noun form. 'Maqām' refers to one's status or place of standing, whereas 'muqām' refers to a dwelling place or place of residence.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Taha 20:31

ٱشۡدُدۡ بِهِۦٓ أَزۡرِي

Strengthen me through him,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change of Person
Original (Hafs)

ٱشۡدُدۡ

Strengthen me

Variant Reading

أَشْدُدْ

I (can) strengthen myself

The verb changes from a second-person imperative addressed to Allah ('Strengthen!') to a first-person present tense verb ('I strengthen'), shifting the action from a direct plea to a statement of Moses' own intended action.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Taha 20:39

أَنِ ٱقۡذِفِيهِ فِي ٱلتَّابُوتِ فَٱقۡذِفِيهِ فِي ٱلۡيَمِّ فَلۡيُلۡقِهِ ٱلۡيَمُّ بِٱلسَّاحِلِ يَأۡخُذۡهُ عَدُوّٞ لِّي وَعَدُوّٞ لَّهُۥۚ وَأَلۡقَيۡتُ عَلَيۡكَ مَحَبَّةٗ مِّنِّي وَلِتُصۡنَعَ عَلَىٰ عَيۡنِيٓ

“Cast him into the ark, and cast it into the sea, and let the sea throw it up on the shore, and an enemy to Me and an enemy to him will take him.” But I cast love on you from Me, and (I did this) so that you might be brought up under My eye.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلِتُصۡنَعَ

so that you might be brought up

Variant Reading

وَلْتُصْنَعْ

may you be modeled

The voweling changes the prefix from the Lam of reason (making the verb subjunctive/mansub) to the Lam of command (making the verb jussive/majzum), shifting the meaning from a purpose clause to a direct command or wish.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Taha 20:58

فَلَنَأۡتِيَنَّكَ بِسِحۡرٖ مِّثۡلِهِۦ فَٱجۡعَلۡ بَيۡنَنَا وَبَيۡنَكَ مَوۡعِدٗا لَّا نُخۡلِفُهُۥ نَحۡنُ وَلَآ أَنتَ مَكَانٗا سُوٗى

We shall indeed bring you magic like it. So set an appointment between us and you – We shall not break it, nor will you – at a fair place.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

لَّا نُخۡلِفُهُۥ

We shall not break it

Variant Reading

لَّا نُخْلِفَهُ

we should not fail

The variant changes the verb's mood from indicative (marfu' with a damma) to subjunctive (mansub with a fatha), which shifts the English translation from 'shall not break' to 'should not fail'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Taha 20:63

قَالُوٓاْ إِنۡ هَٰذَٰنِ لَسَٰحِرَٰنِ يُرِيدَانِ أَن يُخۡرِجَاكُم مِّنۡ أَرۡضِكُم بِسِحۡرِهِمَا وَيَذۡهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ ٱلۡمُثۡلَىٰ

They said, ‘Surely these two magicians want to expel you from your land by their magic, and to do away with your exemplary way (of life).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

إِنۡ

Surely

Variant Reading

إِنَّ

Most surely

The particle changes from the lightened 'in' (إِنۡ) to the heavy/intensified 'inna' (إِنَّ) with a shaddah, which increases the level of emphasis in the statement.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Taha 20:64

فَأَجۡمِعُواْ كَيۡدَكُمۡ ثُمَّ ٱئۡتُواْ صَفّٗاۚ وَقَدۡ أَفۡلَحَ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ مَنِ ٱسۡتَعۡلَىٰ

So put together your plot, (and) then line up. He who has the upper hand today will indeed prosper.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَأَجۡمِعُواْ

put together

Variant Reading

فَاَجۡمَعُواْ

gather

Hafs uses the Form IV verb 'ajma'a' (indicated by hamzat qat' and a kasra on the meem) meaning 'to resolve' or 'put together'. The variant uses the Form I verb 'jama'a' (indicated by hamzat wasl and a fatha on the meem) meaning 'to gather'.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi

Taha 20:77

وَلَقَدۡ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَىٰ مُوسَىٰٓ أَنۡ أَسۡرِ بِعِبَادِي فَٱضۡرِبۡ لَهُمۡ طَرِيقٗا فِي ٱلۡبَحۡرِ يَبَسٗا لَّا تَخَٰفُ دَرَكٗا وَلَا تَخۡشَىٰ

Certainly We inspired Moses: ‘Journey with My servants, and strike for them a dry passage in the sea, without fear of being overtaken or being afraid.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

لَّا تَخَٰفُ

without fear

Variant Reading

لَّا تَخَفْ

Be not afraid

Hafs reads the verb in the indicative mood (marfu'), describing a state ('without fear' or 'you will not fear'), whereas the variant reads it in the jussive mood (majzum) as a negative command or prohibition ('do not fear' / 'be not afraid').

Taha 20:81

كُلُواْ مِن طَيِّبَٰتِ مَا رَزَقۡنَٰكُمۡ وَلَا تَطۡغَوۡاْ فِيهِ فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيۡكُمۡ غَضَبِيۖ وَمَن يَحۡلِلۡ عَلَيۡهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدۡ هَوَىٰ

‘Eat from the good things which We have provided you, but do not transgress insolently in that, or My anger will descend on you. Whoever My anger falls on has perished.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَحۡلِلۡ

falls on

Variant Reading

يَحْلُلْ

descends

The vowel on the second root letter changes from a kasrah (yahlil) to a dammah (yahlul). While both can mean 'to descend' or 'befall', the variation in vowels reflects different dialectal usages or shifts the nuance from 'alighting upon' to 'becoming obligatory/due' upon someone.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Taha 20:87

قَالُواْ مَآ أَخۡلَفۡنَا مَوۡعِدَكَ بِمَلۡكِنَا وَلَٰكِنَّا حُمِّلۡنَآ أَوۡزَارٗا مِّن زِينَةِ ٱلۡقَوۡمِ فَقَذَفۡنَٰهَا فَكَذَٰلِكَ أَلۡقَى ٱلسَّامِرِيُّ

They said, ‘We did not break (our) appointment with you by our (own) will, but we were loaded with burdens of the ornaments of the people, and we cast them (down), and so did al-Sāmirī.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

حُمِّلۡنَآ

we were loaded

Variant Reading

حَمَلۡنَا

we carried

Hafs uses the passive Form II verb 'ḥummilnā' meaning 'we were made to carry' or 'loaded', while the variant uses the active Form I verb 'ḥamalnā' meaning 'we carried'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Rawh, Shu'bah, Susi

Taha 20:97

قَالَ فَٱذۡهَبۡ فَإِنَّ لَكَ فِي ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ أَن تَقُولَ لَا مِسَاسَۖ وَإِنَّ لَكَ مَوۡعِدٗا لَّن تُخۡلَفَهُۥۖ وَٱنظُرۡ إِلَىٰٓ إِلَٰهِكَ ٱلَّذِي ظَلۡتَ عَلَيۡهِ عَاكِفٗاۖ لَّنُحَرِّقَنَّهُۥ ثُمَّ لَنَنسِفَنَّهُۥ فِي ٱلۡيَمِّ نَسۡفًا

He said, ‘Go! Surely it is yours in this life to say, “Do not touch (me)!” And surely for you (there is) an appointment – you will not break it. Look at your god which you remained devoted to! We shall indeed burn it (and) then scatter it as dust in the sea.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَّنُحَرِّقَنَّهُۥ

We shall indeed burn it

Variant Reading

لَّنَحْرُقَنَّهُۥ

we will certainly burn it

The verb shifts from Form II (لَنُحَرِّقَنَّهُ, intensive burning) to Form I (لَنَحْرُقَنَّهُ, basic burning or filing) by changing the vowels and removing the shadda on the letter ra.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Taha 20:130

فَٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ قَبۡلَ طُلُوعِ ٱلشَّمۡسِ وَقَبۡلَ غُرُوبِهَاۖ وَمِنۡ ءَانَآيِٕ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَسَبِّحۡ وَأَطۡرَافَ ٱلنَّهَارِ لَعَلَّكَ تَرۡضَىٰ

So be patient with what they say, and glorify your Lord with praise before the rising of the sun, and before its setting, and during the hours of the night, and glorify (Him) at the ends of the day, so that you may find satisfaction.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَرۡضَىٰ

find satisfaction

Variant Reading

تُرۡضَىٰ

be rendered well pleased

Changing the vowel on the first letter from a fatha to a damma shifts the verb from the active voice (to be pleased) to the passive voice (to be made pleased/rendered well pleased).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Shu'bah

Al-Anbya 21:35

كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۗ وَنَبۡلُوكُم بِٱلشَّرِّ وَٱلۡخَيۡرِ فِتۡنَةٗۖ وَإِلَيۡنَا تُرۡجَعُونَ

Every person will taste death. We try you with evil and good as a test, and to Us you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive 'turja'ūn' (you will be returned) to the active 'tarji'ūn' (you return) due to a change in the vocalization (harakat).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Anbya 21:88

فَٱسۡتَجَبۡنَا لَهُۥ وَنَجَّيۡنَٰهُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَمِّۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُـۨجِي ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

We responded to him and rescued him from (his) distress. In this way We rescue the believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

نُـۨجِي

We rescue

Variant Reading

نُجِّي

were saved

Hafs reads the verb in the active voice 'nunji' (We rescue), whereas the variant reads it in the passive voice 'nujji' (were saved), utilizing the same Uthmani skeletal text.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Shu'bah

Al-Anbya 21:96

حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا فُتِحَتۡ يَأۡجُوجُ وَمَأۡجُوجُ وَهُم مِّن كُلِّ حَدَبٖ يَنسِلُونَ

until, when Yajūj and Majūj are opened, and they come swooping down from every height,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فُتِحَتۡ

are opened

Variant Reading

فُتِّحَتۡ

are opened wide

The variant adds a shaddah to the letter ta (Form II verb instead of Form I), shifting the meaning from a simple opening to an intensive action, meaning 'opened wide' or 'broken open forcefully'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Rawh, Ruways

Al-Anbya 21:104

يَوۡمَ نَطۡوِي ٱلسَّمَآءَ كَطَيِّ ٱلسِّجِلِّ لِلۡكُتُبِۚ كَمَا بَدَأۡنَآ أَوَّلَ خَلۡقٖ نُّعِيدُهُۥۚ وَعۡدًا عَلَيۡنَآۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا فَٰعِلِينَ

On the Day when We shall roll up the sky like the rolling up of a scroll for the writings: as We brought about the first creation, (so) We shall restore it – (it is) a promise (binding) on Us. Surely We shall do (it)!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

لِلۡكُتُبِ

the writings

Variant Reading

لِلْكِتَٰبِ

a scripture

Hafs reads the word as the plural 'kutub' (writings/books), while the variant reads it as the singular 'kitāb' (scripture/book), though both share the same base Uthmanic skeletal text (rasm).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Hajj 22:9

ثَانِيَ عِطۡفِهِۦ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۖ لَهُۥ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا خِزۡيٞۖ وَنُذِيقُهُۥ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ عَذَابَ ٱلۡحَرِيقِ

(who) turns away in scorn to lead (people) astray from the way of God. For him (there is) disgrace in this world, and on the Day of Resurrection We shall make him taste the punishment of the burning (Fire):

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِيُضِلَّ

to lead astray

Variant Reading

لِيَضِلَّ

to stray

The change in the first vowel from a damma (yu) to a fatha (ya) shifts the verb from the causative Form IV (to lead others astray) to the intransitive Form I (to stray oneself).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi

Al-Hajj 22:23

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُدۡخِلُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ يُحَلَّوۡنَ فِيهَا مِنۡ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٖ وَلُؤۡلُؤٗاۖ وَلِبَاسُهُمۡ فِيهَا حَرِيرٞ

Surely God will cause those who believe and do righteous deeds to enter Gardens through which rivers flow. There they will be adorned with bracelets of gold and (with) pearls, and there their clothes (will be of) silk.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلُؤۡلُؤٗا

and (with) pearls

Variant Reading

وَلُؤۡلُوٕٖاْ

and (of) pearls

Hafs reads the word for pearls in the accusative case (fathatan), conjoining it to the object of adornment. The variant reads it in the genitive case (kasratan), conjoining it directly to the word 'gold' (dhahab), meaning the bracelets are made of both gold and pearls.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Susi

Al-Hajj 22:25

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلۡنَٰهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَآءً ٱلۡعَٰكِفُ فِيهِ وَٱلۡبَادِۚ وَمَن يُرِدۡ فِيهِ بِإِلۡحَادِۭ بِظُلۡمٖ نُّذِقۡهُ مِنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٖ

Surely those who disbelieve and keep (people) from the way of God and the Sacred Mosque, which We have made for the people equally – the resident there and the visitor – and whoever intends to pervert it in an evil manner – We shall make him taste a painful punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَاءً

equally

Variant Reading

سَوَاءٌ

equally

The word changes from the accusative case (mansūb) in Hafs, acting as a second object or circumstantial modifier (hāl), to the nominative case (marfū') in the variant, acting as a predicate (khabar) for the following subject.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Hajj 22:38

۞إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُدَٰفِعُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ خَوَّانٖ كَفُورٍ

Surely God will repel (evil) from those who believe. Surely God does not love any traitor (or) ungrateful one.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُدَٰفِعُ

will repel

Variant Reading

يَدۡفَعُ

repels

The Hafs reading uses the Form III verb يُدَٰفِعُ (yudāfiʿu), which can imply active, continuous defense or repelling. The Variant uses the Form I verb يَدۡفَعُ (yadfaʿu), which simply means to repel or push away. The shift involves different voweling and the presence/absence of the dagger alif over the identical skeletal text (rasm).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Hajj 22:39

أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ ظُلِمُواْۚ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ نَصۡرِهِمۡ لَقَدِيرٌ

Permission is given to those who fight because they have been done evil – and surely God is indeed able to help them –

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

أُذِنَ

Permission is given

Variant Reading

أَذِنَ

He has granted permission

The verb changes from the passive 'udhina' (permission is given) in Hafs to the active 'adhina' (He has granted permission) in the variant due to a change in vowels.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُقَٰتَلُونَ

fight

Variant Reading

يُقَٰتِلُونَ

combat

The vowel change from a fat-ha to a kasra on the letter ta' shifts the verb from the passive voice (those being fought against) to the active voice (those who combat).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-Hajj 22:40

ٱلَّذِينَ أُخۡرِجُواْ مِن دِيَٰرِهِم بِغَيۡرِ حَقٍّ إِلَّآ أَن يَقُولُواْ رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُۗ وَلَوۡلَا دَفۡعُ ٱللَّهِ ٱلنَّاسَ بَعۡضَهُم بِبَعۡضٖ لَّهُدِّمَتۡ صَوَٰمِعُ وَبِيَعٞ وَصَلَوَٰتٞ وَمَسَٰجِدُ يُذۡكَرُ فِيهَا ٱسۡمُ ٱللَّهِ كَثِيرٗاۗ وَلَيَنصُرَنَّ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُۥٓۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَقَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ

those who have been expelled from their homes without any right, only because they said, ‘Our Lord is God.’ But if God had not repelled some of the people by the means of others, many monasteries, and churches, and synagogues, and mosques, in which the name of God is mentioned often, would indeed have been destroyed. God will indeed help the one who helps Him – surely God is indeed strong, mighty –

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَّهُدِّمَتۡ

would indeed have been destroyed

Variant Reading

لَّهُدِمَتْ

would have been demolished

The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb (with shaddah) which implies intense, extensive, or repeated destruction. The variant uses the Form I verb (without shaddah) which signifies simple demolition or destruction.

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Al-Hajj 22:51

وَٱلَّذِينَ سَعَوۡاْ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِنَا مُعَٰجِزِينَ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ أَصۡحَٰبُ ٱلۡجَحِيمِ

But those who strive against Our signs to obstruct (them) – those are the companions of the Furnace.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُعَٰجِزِينَ

to obstruct (them)

Variant Reading

مُعَجِّزِينَ

attempting to thwart

The difference lies in the vocalization of the identical skeletal text (rasm). Hafs reads it as a Form III active participle (مُعَٰجِزِينَ) meaning 'striving to obstruct', while the variant reads it as a Form II active participle (مُعَجِّزِينَ) with a shadda, shifting the meaning to 'attempting to thwart' or 'rendering powerless'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Al-Hajj 22:71

وَيَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مَا لَمۡ يُنَزِّلۡ بِهِۦ سُلۡطَٰنٗا وَمَا لَيۡسَ لَهُم بِهِۦ عِلۡمٞۗ وَمَا لِلظَّـٰلِمِينَ مِن نَّصِيرٖ

Instead of God, they serve what He has not sent down any authority for, and what they have no knowledge of. The evildoers will have no helper.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلۡ

sent down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلۡ

bestowed

The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb 'yunazzil' (implying a gradual or continuous sending down), while the variant uses the Form IV verb 'yunzil' (bestowed or sent down all at once). This shifts the semantic nuance of the revelation.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Hajj 22:76

يَعۡلَمُ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُمۡۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ

He knows what is before them and what is behind them. To God all affairs are returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُ

are returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُ

return

The verb changes from the passive voice 'turjaʿu' (are returned) to the active voice 'tarjiʿu' (return) through a change in vowels, shifting the phrasing from matters being returned to matters returning to God.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Al-Mu'minun 23:14

ثُمَّ خَلَقۡنَا ٱلنُّطۡفَةَ عَلَقَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡعَلَقَةَ مُضۡغَةٗ فَخَلَقۡنَا ٱلۡمُضۡغَةَ عِظَٰمٗا فَكَسَوۡنَا ٱلۡعِظَٰمَ لَحۡمٗا ثُمَّ أَنشَأۡنَٰهُ خَلۡقًا ءَاخَرَۚ فَتَبَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ أَحۡسَنُ ٱلۡخَٰلِقِينَ

then We made a clot (from) the drop, then We made a lump (from) the clot, then We made bones (from) the lump, then We clothed the bones (with) flesh, (and) then We (re)produced him as another creature. So blessed (be) God, the best of creators!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

عِظَٰمٗا / ٱلۡعِظَٰمَ

bones / the bones

Variant Reading

عَظۡمٗا / ٱلۡعَظۡمَ

bone / the bone

The Hafs reading recites both instances of the word as plural ('iẓāman / al-'iẓāma), while the variant (read by Ibn Amir, Shu'bah, Hamzah, al-Kisa'i, and Khalaf) recites them as singular ('aẓman / al-'aẓma). The Uthmani script (rasm) is identical for both, allowing the variation through different vowelings and the omission of the spoken alif.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Shu'bah

Al-Mu'minun 23:27

فَأَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَيۡهِ أَنِ ٱصۡنَعِ ٱلۡفُلۡكَ بِأَعۡيُنِنَا وَوَحۡيِنَا فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَمۡرُنَا وَفَارَ ٱلتَّنُّورُ فَٱسۡلُكۡ فِيهَا مِن كُلّٖ زَوۡجَيۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ وَأَهۡلَكَ إِلَّا مَن سَبَقَ عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ مِنۡهُمۡۖ وَلَا تُخَٰطِبۡنِي فِي ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوٓاْ إِنَّهُم مُّغۡرَقُونَ

So We inspired him: ‘Build the ship under Our eyes and Our inspiration, and when Our command comes and the oven boils, put into it two of every kind, a pair, and your family – except for him against whom the word has (already) gone forth. Do not address Me concerning those who have done evil. Surely they are going to be drowned!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

كُلّٖ

every

Variant Reading

كُلِّ

each

Hafs reads 'kullin' with tanween, implying 'from every kind', making the following word ('zawjayn') the direct object. The variant reads 'kulli' with a single kasrah as a genitive construct (mudaf), changing the grammatical structure to mean 'from each pair', making the numeral ('ithnayn') the direct object.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:51

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلرُّسُلُ كُلُواْ مِنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ وَٱعۡمَلُواْ صَٰلِحًاۖ إِنِّي بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ عَلِيمٞ

‘Messengers! Eat from the good things, and do righteousness! Surely I am aware of what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَإِنَّ

For indeed

Variant Reading

وَأَنَّ

And (know) that

The vowel on the hamzah changes from kasrah (inna) to fathah (anna), shifting the grammatical structure from an independent declarative clause to a dependent clause requiring an implied verb like 'know'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:67

مُسۡتَكۡبِرِينَ بِهِۦ سَٰمِرٗا تَهۡجُرُونَ

being arrogant toward it, (and) forsaking (one who was) conversing by night.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَهۡجُرُونَ

forsaking

Variant Reading

تُهْجِرُونَ

blaspheming

The change in vowels shifts the verb from Form I (tahjurūna, meaning 'forsaking') to Form IV (tuhjirūna, meaning 'blaspheming' or 'speaking foully'), altering the semantic description of their actions during their night conversations.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:82

قَالُوٓاْ أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابٗا وَعِظَٰمًا أَءِنَّا لَمَبۡعُوثُونَ

They said, ‘When we are dead, and turned to dust and bones, shall we indeed be raised up?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مِتۡنَا

are dead

Variant Reading

مُتْنَا

have died

The vowel on the first letter (meem) changes from a kasrah (mitna) to a dammah (mutna). Morphologically, 'mitna' focuses on the continuous state of being dead, whereas 'mutna' focuses on the completed action of having died.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Mu'minun 23:85

سَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّهِۚ قُلۡ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

They will say, ‘To God.’ Say: ‘Will you not take heed?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant includes a shadda on the dhal (gemination), indicating an assimilated 'ta' (from tataḏakkarūna). This intensifies the verb, shifting the meaning from 'take heed' to 'constantly remember'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:92

عَٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ فَتَعَٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُونَ

(He is the) Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is exalted above what they associate.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَٰلِمِ

Knower

Variant Reading

عَٰلِمُ

Knower

The final vowel on the word changes from a genitive kasrah in Hafs (acting as an adjective to a preceding word) to a nominative dammah in the variant (acting as the predicate for an implied pronoun 'He is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Shu'bah, Warsh

Al-Mu'minun 23:111

إِنِّي جَزَيۡتُهُمُ ٱلۡيَوۡمَ بِمَا صَبَرُوٓاْ أَنَّهُمۡ هُمُ ٱلۡفَآئِزُونَ

Surely I have repaid them today for their patience. Surely they – they are the triumphant!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّهُمۡ

Surely they

Variant Reading

إِنَّهُمۡ

Indeed, it is they

The hamza is pronounced with a fatha (annahum) in Hafs, creating a dependent causal clause ('because they' or 'that they'). The variant reads it with a kasra (innahum), starting a new independent sentence ('Indeed, they').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Al-Mu'minun 23:112

قَٰلَ كَمۡ لَبِثۡتُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ عَدَدَ سِنِينَ

He will say, ‘How long did you remain in the earth, (by) number of years?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قَٰلَ

He will say

Variant Reading

قُلۡ

Say

The verb changes from the third-person past/declarative 'qāla' (He said / will say) to the second-person imperative 'qul' (Say!). They share the same skeletal text (rasm) 'قل' in the Uthmanic script, but differ in vocalization.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Qunbul

Al-Mu'minun 23:114

قَٰلَ إِن لَّبِثۡتُمۡ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗاۖ لَّوۡ أَنَّكُمۡ كُنتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُونَ

He will say, ‘You remained only a little (while) – if only you knew!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قَٰلَ

He will say

Variant Reading

قُل

Say

Hafs reads the verb as a third-person past tense 'He will say' (qāla), while the variant reads it as an imperative command 'Say' (qul). Both share the same consonantal rasm (قل) in the Uthmani script.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Al-Mu'minun 23:115

أَفَحَسِبۡتُمۡ أَنَّمَا خَلَقۡنَٰكُمۡ عَبَثٗا وَأَنَّكُمۡ إِلَيۡنَا لَا تُرۡجَعُونَ

Did you think that We created you in vain, and that you would not be returned to Us?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

return

Hafs reads the verb in the passive voice (turja'ūna: 'be returned'), while the variant reads it in the active voice (tarji'ūna: 'return') by changing the vowels on the first and third letters.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Rawh, Ruways

An-Nur 24:1

سُورَةٌ أَنزَلۡنَٰهَا وَفَرَضۡنَٰهَا وَأَنزَلۡنَا فِيهَآ ءَايَٰتِۭ بَيِّنَٰتٖ لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ

A sūra – We have sent it down and made it obligatory, and We have sent down in it clear signs, so that you may take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَفَرَضۡنَٰهَا

made it obligatory

Variant Reading

وَفَرَّضۡنَٰهَا

did ordain

The variant reads with a shadda on the 'ra' (Form II: farradnaha), which intensifies the meaning from 'made it obligatory' to 'did ordain' or 'strictly decreed'. (Additionally, there is another variant in the same verse where a shadda is added to the 'dhal' in tadhdhakkarun, meaning 'constantly remember').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The Variant adds a shadda to the letter dhal (تَذَّكَّرُونَ), indicating the assimilation of an original second 'ta' (from تَتَذَكَّرُونَ). This morphological intensification shifts the meaning from a simple action ('take heed') to a continuous or intensive one ('constantly remember').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Warsh

An-Nur 24:6

وَٱلَّذِينَ يَرۡمُونَ أَزۡوَٰجَهُمۡ وَلَمۡ يَكُن لَّهُمۡ شُهَدَآءُ إِلَّآ أَنفُسُهُمۡ فَشَهَٰدَةُ أَحَدِهِمۡ أَرۡبَعُ شَهَٰدَٰتِۭ بِٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُۥ لَمِنَ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ

Those who hurl (accusations) against their wives, and have no witnesses except themselves, the testimony of such a person shall be to bear witness four times ‘by God,’ that he is indeed one of the truthful,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَرۡبَعُ

four times

Variant Reading

أَرْبَعَ

four oaths

The case of 'four' changes from nominative (marfu') to accusative (mansub). In the nominative, it functions as the predicate of 'testimony' (the testimony is four). In the accusative, it serves as a cognate accusative (maf'ul mutlaq) for an implied verb (let him testify four testimonies).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nur 24:7

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةُ أَنَّ لَعۡنَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهِ إِن كَانَ مِنَ ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ

and the fifth time, that the curse of God (be) upon him if he is one of the liars.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّ لَعۡنَتَ

that the curse

Variant Reading

أَن لَّعْنَتُ

may curse

In Hafs, the heavy particle 'anna' makes the following word 'la'nata' accusative (mansub). In the variant, the particle is lightened to 'an' (mukhaffafah min al-thaqilah), making 'la'natu' nominative (marfu') as the subject of a nominal sentence.

Read by:

Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

An-Nur 24:9

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةَ أَنَّ غَضَبَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡهَآ إِن كَانَ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ

and the fifth time, that the anger of God (be) upon her if he is one of the truthful.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةَ

and the fifth time

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةُ

And the fifth is

The word changes from accusative to nominative, altering the grammatical structure from an adverbial accusative ('and the fifth time') to the subject of a nominal sentence ('And the fifth is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّ غَضَبَ ٱللَّهِ

that the anger of God

Variant Reading

أَنْ غَضِبَ اَ۬للَّهُ

that Allah’s wrath will have fallen

The Hafs reading uses the noun 'ghadaba' (anger) with the accusative particle 'anna' making 'Allah' take the genitive case. The variant reads 'ghadiba' as a past tense verb with the lightened particle 'an', making 'Allah' the subject in the nominative case.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةَ

and the fifth time

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡخَٰمِسَةُ

And the fifth is

The word is read with a fatha (accusative case) in Hafs, functioning as an absolute object ('and the fifth time'), whereas the variant reads it with a damma (nominative case), making it the subject of a nominal sentence ('And the fifth is').

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

An-Nur 24:34

وَلَقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡكُمۡ ءَايَٰتٖ مُّبَيِّنَٰتٖ وَمَثَلٗا مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ خَلَوۡاْ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ وَمَوۡعِظَةٗ لِّلۡمُتَّقِينَ

Certainly We have sent down to you clear signs, and an example of those who passed away before you, and an admonition for those who guard (themselves).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُّبَيِّنَٰتٖ

clear

Variant Reading

مُّبَيَّنَٰتٖ

clarified

The vowel on the letter ya' changes from a kasra in Hafs to a fatha in the Variant, shifting the word from an active participle ('clear' or 'clarifying') to a passive participle ('clarified').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nur 24:36

فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ ٱللَّهُ أَن تُرۡفَعَ وَيُذۡكَرَ فِيهَا ٱسۡمُهُۥ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ فِيهَا بِٱلۡغُدُوِّ وَٱلۡأٓصَالِ

in houses (which) God permitted to be raised up and in which His name was remembered. Glorifying Him there, in the mornings and the evenings,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُسَبِّحُ

Highly exalting

Variant Reading

يُسَبَّحُ

He is highly exalted

The verb changes from the active voice (yusabbihu) to the passive voice (yusabbahu) by changing the vowel on the letter baa from a kasra to a fatha. This shifts the grammatical structure so that 'men' is no longer the subject of the exalting verb, but rather starts a new clause.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Shu'bah

An-Nur 24:40

أَوۡ كَظُلُمَٰتٖ فِي بَحۡرٖ لُّجِّيّٖ يَغۡشَىٰهُ مَوۡجٞ مِّن فَوۡقِهِۦ مَوۡجٞ مِّن فَوۡقِهِۦ سَحَابٞۚ ظُلُمَٰتُۢ بَعۡضُهَا فَوۡقَ بَعۡضٍ إِذَآ أَخۡرَجَ يَدَهُۥ لَمۡ يَكَدۡ يَرَىٰهَاۗ وَمَن لَّمۡ يَجۡعَلِ ٱللَّهُ لَهُۥ نُورٗا فَمَا لَهُۥ مِن نُّورٍ

Or (he is) like the darkness in a deep sea – a wave covers him, above which is (another) wave, above which is a cloud – darkness upon darkness. When he puts out his hand, he can hardly see it. The one to whom God does not give light has no light (at all).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَحَابٞ ظُلُمَٰتُ

a cloud – darkness

Variant Reading

سَحَابُ ظُلُمَٰتِ

clouds of darkness(es)

Hafs reads both words in the nominative case ('sahaabun zhulumaatun') as separate entities. The variant reads them as an Idafah (possessive) construction ('sahaabu zhulumaatin'), removing the tanween from the first word and changing the second word to the genitive case.

Read by:

Bazzi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ظُلُمَٰتُۢ

darkness

Variant Reading

ظُلُمَٰتِۭ

darkness(es)

The word changes from nominative (marfu') as the predicate of an implied subject in Hafs, to genitive (majrur) in the variant, acting in apposition (badal) to the earlier word 'darkness(es)' (كَظُلُمَٰتٖ).

Read by:

Qunbul

An-Nur 24:43

أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُزۡجِي سَحَابٗا ثُمَّ يُؤَلِّفُ بَيۡنَهُۥ ثُمَّ يَجۡعَلُهُۥ رُكَامٗا فَتَرَى ٱلۡوَدۡقَ يَخۡرُجُ مِنۡ خِلَٰلِهِۦ وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن جِبَالٖ فِيهَا مِنۢ بَرَدٖ فَيُصِيبُ بِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَصۡرِفُهُۥ عَن مَّن يَشَآءُۖ يَكَادُ سَنَا بَرۡقِهِۦ يَذۡهَبُ بِٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرِ

Do you not see that God drives the clouds, then gathers them, then makes them (into) a mass, and then you see the rain come forth from the midst of it? He sends down mountains (of them) from the sky, in which (there is) hail, and He smites whomever He pleases with it, and turns it away from whomever He pleases. The flash of His lightning almost takes away the sight.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ

He sends down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلُ

He bestows from on high

The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb (yunazzilu), which implies a gradual, intensive, or repeated sending down. The variant uses the Form IV verb (yunzilu), which indicates a general or single act of sending down.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

An-Nur 24:46

لَّقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَآ ءَايَٰتٖ مُّبَيِّنَٰتٖۚ وَٱللَّهُ يَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطٖ مُّسۡتَقِيمٖ

Certainly We have sent down clear signs. God guides whomever He pleases to a straight path.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُّبَيِّنَٰتٖ

clear

Variant Reading

مُّبَيَّنَٰتٖ

clarified

The active participle (mubayyināt, 'clear' or 'clarifying') is read as a passive participle (mubayyanāt, 'clarified' or 'made clear') by changing the kasra to a fatha on the yāʾ.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

An-Nur 24:48

وَإِذَا دُعُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ إِذَا فَرِيقٞ مِّنۡهُم مُّعۡرِضُونَ

When they are called to God and His messenger, so that he may judge between them, suddenly a group of them turns away.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لِيَحۡكُمَ

he may judge

Variant Reading

لِيُحۡكَمَ

have it judged

The verb changes from the active voice 'li-yahkuma' (so that he may judge) to the passive voice 'li-yuhkama' (to have it judged) by changing the internal vowels.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

An-Nur 24:51

إِنَّمَا كَانَ قَوۡلَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ إِذَا دُعُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ لِيَحۡكُمَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ أَن يَقُولُواْ سَمِعۡنَا وَأَطَعۡنَاۚ وَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ

The only saying of the believers, when they are called to God and His messenger so that he may judge between them, is that they say, ‘We hear and obey.’ Those – they are the ones who prosper.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لِيَحۡكُمَ

he may judge

Variant Reading

لِيُحۡكَمَ

to have it judged

The verb changes from the active voice 'yahkuma' (he may judge) to the passive voice 'yuhkama' (to have it judged) through a change in vowels.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

An-Nur 24:55

وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمۡ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ لَيَسۡتَخۡلِفَنَّهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ كَمَا ٱسۡتَخۡلَفَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ وَلَيُمَكِّنَنَّ لَهُمۡ دِينَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي ٱرۡتَضَىٰ لَهُمۡ وَلَيُبَدِّلَنَّهُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ خَوۡفِهِمۡ أَمۡنٗاۚ يَعۡبُدُونَنِي لَا يُشۡرِكُونَ بِي شَيۡـٔٗاۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَٰسِقُونَ

God has promised those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will indeed make them successors on the earth, (even) as He made those who were before them successors, and (that) He will indeed establish their religion for them – that which He has approved for them – and (that) He will indeed give them security in exchange for their former fear: ‘They will serve Me, not associating anything with Me. Whoever disbelieves after that, those – they are the wicked.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱسۡتَخۡلَفَ

He made successors

Variant Reading

ٱسْتُخْلِفَ

were made successors

The verb is read in the active voice (istakhlafa) in Hafs, meaning 'He made successors', and in the passive voice (ustukhlifa) in the variant, meaning 'were made successors'.

Read by:

Shu'bah

An-Nur 24:58

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لِيَسۡتَـٔۡذِنكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ مَلَكَتۡ أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يَبۡلُغُواْ ٱلۡحُلُمَ مِنكُمۡ ثَلَٰثَ مَرَّـٰتٖۚ مِّن قَبۡلِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلۡفَجۡرِ وَحِينَ تَضَعُونَ ثِيَابَكُم مِّنَ ٱلظَّهِيرَةِ وَمِنۢ بَعۡدِ صَلَوٰةِ ٱلۡعِشَآءِۚ ثَلَٰثُ عَوۡرَٰتٖ لَّكُمۡۚ لَيۡسَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَلَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ جُنَاحُۢ بَعۡدَهُنَّۚ طَوَّـٰفُونَ عَلَيۡكُم بَعۡضُكُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضٖۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٞ

You who believe! Let those whom your right (hands) own, and those of you who have not reached the (age of) puberty, ask permission of you at three times (of the day) – before the dawn prayer, and when you lay down your clothes at the noon hour, and after the evening prayer – the three (times) of nakedness for you. But beyond those (times) there is no blame on you or on them in going about among each other. In this way God makes clear to you the signs. God is knowing, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَيۡمَٰنُكُمۡ

your right (hands)

Variant Reading

أَيۡمَٰنُكُمُۥ

rightfully

The variant features Silat Mim al-Jam' (lengthening the plural 'mim' with a dammah and an added small waw). This is a purely phonetic/tajweed difference common to reciters like Ibn Kathir and Abu Ja'far, and carries no actual semantic change.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hafs, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

An-Nur 24:64

أَلَآ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ قَدۡ يَعۡلَمُ مَآ أَنتُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ وَيَوۡمَ يُرۡجَعُونَ إِلَيۡهِ فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُواْۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمُۢ

Is it not a fact that to God (belongs) whatever is in the heavens and the earth? He already knows what you are up to, and on the Day when they will be returned to Him, He will inform them about what they have done. God has knowledge of everything.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡجَعُونَ

they will be returned

Variant Reading

يَرۡجِعُونَ

they return

A change in the vowels shifts the verb from the passive form (are returned) to the active form (return).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Furqan 25:10

تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِيٓ إِن شَآءَ جَعَلَ لَكَ خَيۡرٗا مِّن ذَٰلِكَ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ وَيَجۡعَل لَّكَ قُصُورَۢا

Blessed is He who, if He pleases, will give you (what is) better than that – Gardens through which rivers flow – and He will give you palaces.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَجۡعَل

and He will give

Variant Reading

وَيَجۡعَلُ

And He would make

The verb changes from the jussive mood (sukoon) in Hafs, where it is coordinated with the conditional clause, to the indicative mood (dammah) in the variant, which treats it as the start of a new, independent clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Shu'bah

Al-Furqan 25:18

قَالُواْ سُبۡحَٰنَكَ مَا كَانَ يَنۢبَغِي لَنَآ أَن نَّتَّخِذَ مِن دُونِكَ مِنۡ أَوۡلِيَآءَ وَلَٰكِن مَّتَّعۡتَهُمۡ وَءَابَآءَهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ نَسُواْ ٱلذِّكۡرَ وَكَانُواْ قَوۡمَۢا بُورٗا

They will say, ‘Glory to You! It was not fitting for us to take any allies other than You, but You gave them and their fathers enjoyment (of life), until they forgot the Reminder and became a ruined people.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

نَّتَّخِذَ

take

Variant Reading

نُّتَّخَذَ

been taken

The verb changes from the active 'nattakhidha' (we take) to the passive 'nuttakhadha' (we are taken), shifting the focus from the subjects taking other allies to them being taken as masters.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Furqan 25:50

وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَٰهُ بَيۡنَهُمۡ لِيَذَّكَّرُواْ فَأَبَىٰٓ أَكۡثَرُ ٱلنَّاسِ إِلَّا كُفُورٗا

Certainly We have varied it among them so that they might take heed, yet most of the people refuse (everything) but disbelief.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِيَذَّكَّرُواْ

might take heed

Variant Reading

لِيَذْكُرُواْ

may remember

Hafs uses the Form V assimilated verb (with shaddah on the dhal and kaf) meaning 'to take heed' or 'reflect', while the variant uses the Form I verb (with sukoon on the dhal and no shaddah) meaning 'to remember'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Furqan 25:61

تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ بُرُوجٗا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَٰجٗا وَقَمَرٗا مُّنِيرٗا

Blessed is He who has made constellations in the sky, and has made a lamp in it, and an illuminating moon.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

سِرَٰجٗا

a lamp

Variant Reading

سُرُجٗا

lamps

The variant changes the vocalization (vowels) of the identical Uthmani skeleton (سرجا), transforming the singular 'sirajan' (a lamp) into the plural 'surujan' (lamps).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Furqan 25:62

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي جَعَلَ ٱلَّيۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَ خِلۡفَةٗ لِّمَنۡ أَرَادَ أَن يَذَّكَّرَ أَوۡ أَرَادَ شُكُورٗا

He (it is) who has made the night and the day a succession – for anyone who wishes to take heed or wishes to be thankful.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَذَّكَّرَ

take heed

Variant Reading

يَذْكُرَ

remember

The variant reads the verb in Form I (to remember) with different vowels and no shadda, whereas Hafs reads it as an assimilated Form V (to take heed or deeply reflect). The consonantal skeleton remains the same.

Read by:

Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Furqan 25:75

أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ يُجۡزَوۡنَ ٱلۡغُرۡفَةَ بِمَا صَبَرُواْ وَيُلَقَّوۡنَ فِيهَا تَحِيَّةٗ وَسَلَٰمًا

Those will be repaid with the exalted room because they were patient, and there they will meet a greeting and ‘Peace!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

وَيُلَقَّوۡنَ

they will meet

Variant Reading

وَيَلْقَوْنَ

will encounter

Hafs uses the passive Form II verb 'yulaqqawna' (they will be granted/made to meet), whereas the variant uses the active Form I verb 'yalqawna' (they will encounter).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Shu'bah

Ash-Shu'ara 26:4

إِن نَّشَأۡ نُنَزِّلۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ ءَايَةٗ فَظَلَّتۡ أَعۡنَٰقُهُمۡ لَهَا خَٰضِعِينَ

If We (so) please, We shall send down on them a sign from the sky, and their necks will stay bowed before it.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نُنَزِّلۡ

send down

Variant Reading

نُنزِلۡ

send down

The verb shifts from Form II (nunazzil), which implies a gradual or repeated sending down, to Form IV (nunzil), which implies a single, complete act of sending down.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ash-Shu'ara 26:13

وَيَضِيقُ صَدۡرِي وَلَا يَنطَلِقُ لِسَانِي فَأَرۡسِلۡ إِلَىٰ هَٰرُونَ

and my heart will be distressed, and my tongue will not work. So send for Aaron.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَضِيقُ ، يَنطَلِقُ

and my heart will be distressed / will not work

Variant Reading

وَيَضِيقَ ، يَنطَلِقَ

and that my chest will tighten / will not be fluent

Hafs reads the verbs in the indicative mood (marfu') with a damma, treating them as a new independent clause. The variant reads them in the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha, coordinating them with the particle 'an' (that) from the previous verse.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Ash-Shu'ara 26:137

إِنۡ هَٰذَآ إِلَّا خُلُقُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ

This is nothing but the creation of those of old.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

خُلُقُ

creation

Variant Reading

خَلۡقُ

creation

The vowel change from damma on the kha and lam (khuluq) to a fatha on the kha and sukun on the lam (khalq) changes the literal meaning from 'custom/habit' to 'creation/fabrication', altering the nuance of what is being attributed to the ancients.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ash-Shu'ara 26:187

فَأَسۡقِطۡ عَلَيۡنَا كِسَفٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰدِقِينَ

Make fragments of the sky fall on us, if you are one of the truthful.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

كِسَفٗا

fragments

Variant Reading

كِسْفاٗ

fragments

The vowel on the letter Seen changes from a fathah (plural form 'kisafan') to a sukoon (singular or collective noun 'kisfan'), though both are generally translated as pieces or fragments.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Ash-Shu'ara 26:193

نَزَلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحُ ٱلۡأَمِينُ

The trustworthy spirit has brought it down

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

نَزَلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحُ ٱلۡأَمِينُ

The trustworthy spirit has brought it down

Variant Reading

نَزَّلَ بِهِ ٱلرُّوحَ ٱلۡأَمِينَ

He bestowed the Trustworthy Spirit with it

The verb 'nazala' (Form I, descended) changes to 'nazzala' (Form II, sent down). Consequently, 'the Trustworthy Spirit' changes from the nominative subject (ar-rūḥu l-amīnu) to the accusative object (ar-rūḥa l-amīna), shifting the implied subject to Allah.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

An-Naml 27:7

إِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِأَهۡلِهِۦٓ إِنِّيٓ ءَانَسۡتُ نَارٗا سَـَٔاتِيكُم مِّنۡهَا بِخَبَرٍ أَوۡ ءَاتِيكُم بِشِهَابٖ قَبَسٖ لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَصۡطَلُونَ

(Remember) when Moses said to his family: ‘Surely I perceive a fire. I shall bring you some news of it, or I shall bring you a flame – a torch – so that you may warm yourselves.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِشِهَابٖ قَبَسٖ

a flame – a torch

Variant Reading

بِشِهَابِ قَبَسٖ

a firebrand of a borrowed flame

Hafs reads 'bi-shihābin' with tanween, making the two words an apposition or noun-adjective pair. The variant drops the tanween to read 'bi-shihābi', forming an Idafah (genitive/possessive construct) meaning 'a firebrand of a flame'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

An-Naml 27:25

أَلَّاۤ يَسۡجُدُواْۤ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِي يُخۡرِجُ ٱلۡخَبۡءَ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَيَعۡلَمُ مَا تُخۡفُونَ وَمَا تُعۡلِنُونَ

(He did this) so that they would not prostrate themselves before God, who brings forth what is hidden in the heavens and the earth. He knows what you hide and what you speak aloud.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَلَّاۤ يَسۡجُدُواْۤ

so that they would not prostrate themselves

Variant Reading

أَلَا يَسۡجُدُواْ

How can they not prostrate themselves

The variant reads with takhfif (no shaddah) on 'ala', changing it from a negative purpose clause ('so that they would not') to an interrogative/urging particle ('how can they not' or 'why do they not').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

An-Naml 27:51

فَٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ مَكۡرِهِمۡ أَنَّا دَمَّرۡنَٰهُمۡ وَقَوۡمَهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ

See how the end of their scheme was: We destroyed them and their people – all (of them)!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّا

We

Variant Reading

إِنَّا

We did

The vowel on the hamza changes from a fatha (annā - that We) to a kasra (innā - Indeed We). This changes the syntax from a nominal clause explaining the 'outcome' to an independent, explanatory statement emphasizing the action.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

An-Naml 27:62

أَمَّن يُجِيبُ ٱلۡمُضۡطَرَّ إِذَا دَعَاهُ وَيَكۡشِفُ ٱلسُّوٓءَ وَيَجۡعَلُكُمۡ خُلَفَآءَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِۗ أَءِلَٰهٞ مَّعَ ٱللَّهِۚ قَلِيلٗا مَّا تَذَكَّرُونَ

Or (is He not better) who responds to the distressed (person) when he calls on Him and removes the evil, and establishes you as successors on the earth? (Is there any other) god with God? Little do you take heed!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant adds a shadda to the dhal, reflecting the assimilation of an original prefix 'ta' (tatadhakkarūna becomes tadhdhakkarūna). This morphological intensification shifts the meaning from a simple action ('take heed') to a continuous or emphasized one ('constantly remember').

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Ruways, Shu'bah, Warsh

An-Naml 27:82

۞وَإِذَا وَقَعَ ٱلۡقَوۡلُ عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَخۡرَجۡنَا لَهُمۡ دَآبَّةٗ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ تُكَلِّمُهُمۡ أَنَّ ٱلنَّاسَ كَانُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا لَا يُوقِنُونَ

When the word falls upon them, We shall bring forth for them a creature from the earth, (which) will speak to them: ‘The people were not certain of Our signs.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّ

that (implied by colon)

Variant Reading

إِنَّ

Indeed

The vowel on the hamza changes from a fatha (anna) to a kasra (inna). This shifts the grammatical structure from a subordinate explanatory clause ('saying that the people...') to a new, independent declarative sentence ('Indeed, mankind...').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

An-Naml 27:89

مَن جَآءَ بِٱلۡحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُۥ خَيۡرٞ مِّنۡهَا وَهُم مِّن فَزَعٖ يَوۡمَئِذٍ ءَامِنُونَ

(On that Day) whoever brings a good (deed) will have a better one than it, and they will be secure from the terror of that Day.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَزَعٖ

terror

Variant Reading

فَزَعِ

horror

In Hafs, 'fazaʿin' is read with tanween (kasratan) as an indefinite noun, with 'yawmaʾidhin' acting as an adverb (terror, on that day). In the variant, it is read as 'fazaʿi' with a single kasrah, forming an Iḍāfah (genitive/possessive construction) with the following word (the terror of that day).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Qasas 28:39

وَٱسۡتَكۡبَرَ هُوَ وَجُنُودُهُۥ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ بِغَيۡرِ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَظَنُّوٓاْ أَنَّهُمۡ إِلَيۡنَا لَا يُرۡجَعُونَ

He and his forces became arrogant on the earth without any right, and thought that they would not be returned to Us.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡجَعُونَ

be returned

Variant Reading

يَرْجِعُونَ

return

Hafs reads the verb in the passive voice (yurja'ūna), meaning 'be returned', while the variant reads it in the active voice (yarji'ūna), meaning 'return'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

Al-Qasas 28:70

وَهُوَ ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ لَهُ ٱلۡحَمۡدُ فِي ٱلۡأُولَىٰ وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۖ وَلَهُ ٱلۡحُكۡمُ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

He is God – (there is) no god but Him. To Him (be) praise, at the first and at the last! To Him (belongs) the judgment, and to Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

you return

The reading changes from the passive verb 'turjaʿūn' (you will be returned) in Hafs to the active verb 'tarjiʿūn' (you return) in the variant. This shifts the grammatical voice via internal vowel changes without altering the consonantal skeleton.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Qasas 28:82

وَأَصۡبَحَ ٱلَّذِينَ تَمَنَّوۡاْ مَكَانَهُۥ بِٱلۡأَمۡسِ يَقُولُونَ وَيۡكَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَبۡسُطُ ٱلرِّزۡقَ لِمَن يَشَآءُ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦ وَيَقۡدِرُۖ لَوۡلَآ أَن مَّنَّ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡنَا لَخَسَفَ بِنَاۖ وَيۡكَأَنَّهُۥ لَا يُفۡلِحُ ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ

In the morning those who had longed (to be in) his place the day before were saying, ‘Woe (to Qārūn)! Surely God extends (His) provision to whomever He pleases of His servants, and restricts (it). If God had not bestowed favor on us, He would indeed have caused (the earth) to swallow us (too). Woe to him! The disbelievers will not prosper.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لَخَسَفَ

He would indeed have caused (the earth) to swallow

Variant Reading

لَخُسِفَ

we would have been swallowed

The verb changes from the active 'khasafa' (He caused to swallow) in Hafs to the passive 'khusifa' (we would have been swallowed) in the variant.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-'Ankabut 29:17

إِنَّمَا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَوۡثَٰنٗا وَتَخۡلُقُونَ إِفۡكًاۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ لَا يَمۡلِكُونَ لَكُمۡ رِزۡقٗا فَٱبۡتَغُواْ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرِّزۡقَ وَٱعۡبُدُوهُ وَٱشۡكُرُواْ لَهُۥٓۖ إِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Instead of God, you only serve idols, and you create a lie. Surely those whom you serve, instead of God, do not possess any provision for you. Seek (your) provision from God, and serve Him, and be thankful to Him – to Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive 'you will be returned' to the active 'you return' via a change in vowelization.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-'Ankabut 29:32

قَالَ إِنَّ فِيهَا لُوطٗاۚ قَالُواْ نَحۡنُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَن فِيهَاۖ لَنُنَجِّيَنَّهُۥ وَأَهۡلَهُۥٓ إِلَّا ٱمۡرَأَتَهُۥ كَانَتۡ مِنَ ٱلۡغَٰبِرِينَ

He said, ‘Surely Lot is in it.’ They said, ‘We know who is in it. We shall indeed rescue him and his family, except his wife. She will be one of those who stay behind.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَنُنَجِّيَنَّهُۥ

We shall indeed rescue him

Variant Reading

لَنُنجِيَنَّهُۥ

we will most surely save him

Hafs reads the verb in Form II (with a fatha on the noon and a shaddah on the jeem), which can imply an intensive, deliberate, or gradual rescue. The variant reads it in Form IV (with a sukoon on the noon and no shaddah on the jeem), which denotes a general or immediate act of saving. Both forms share the same consonantal text (rasm).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Al-'Ankabut 29:34

إِنَّا مُنزِلُونَ عَلَىٰٓ أَهۡلِ هَٰذِهِ ٱلۡقَرۡيَةِ رِجۡزٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفۡسُقُونَ

Surely We are going to send down wrath from the sky on the people of this town, because they have acted wickedly.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُنزِلُونَ

are going to send down

Variant Reading

مُنَزِّلُونَ

will send from on high

The reading shifts from the Form IV active participle (munzilūn) to the Form II active participle (munazzilūn) with a shaddah on the zay. This morphological change from Form IV to Form II adds an implication of intensity, gradualness, or sending from on high.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-'Ankabut 29:57

كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۖ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡنَا تُرۡجَعُونَ

Every person will taste death, then to Us you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُونَ

youpl return

The verb changes from the passive voice in Hafs (turja'ūna) to the active voice in the variant (tarji'ūna) due to a change in vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-'Ankabut 29:66

لِيَكۡفُرُواْ بِمَآ ءَاتَيۡنَٰهُمۡ وَلِيَتَمَتَّعُواْۚ فَسَوۡفَ يَعۡلَمُونَ

Let them be ungrateful for what We have given them, and enjoy (themselves). Soon they will know!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَلِيَتَمَتَّعُواْ

and enjoy

Variant Reading

وَلْيَتَمَتَّعُواْ

and let them enjoy

The Lam is read with a kasrah in Hafs (wa-li-yatamatta'u) and with a sukun in the variant (wa-l-yatamatta'u). This changes the nuance from a sequential or consequential action to a direct imperative command ('let them enjoy').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul

Ar-Rum 30:11

ٱللَّهُ يَبۡدَؤُاْ ٱلۡخَلۡقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُۥ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

God brings about the creation, then restores it, (and) then to Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُونَ

youpl return

The verb changes from the passive voice in Hafs ('you will be returned') to the active voice in the variant ('you return') via a change in voweling.

Read by:

Ruways

Ar-Rum 30:19

يُخۡرِجُ ٱلۡحَيَّ مِنَ ٱلۡمَيِّتِ وَيُخۡرِجُ ٱلۡمَيِّتَ مِنَ ٱلۡحَيِّ وَيُحۡيِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ تُخۡرَجُونَ

He brings forth the living from the dead, and brings forth the dead from the living. He gives the earth life after its death, and in this way you (too) will be brought forth.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُخۡرَجُونَ

will be brought forth

Variant Reading

تَخۡرُجُونَ

come out

The Hafs reading uses the passive verb (tukhrajūna) meaning 'you will be brought forth', while the variant reading uses the active verb (takhrujūna) meaning 'you come out'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Ar-Rum 30:22

وَمِنۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ خَلۡقُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱخۡتِلَٰفُ أَلۡسِنَتِكُمۡ وَأَلۡوَٰنِكُمۡۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّلۡعَٰلِمِينَ

(Another) of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variety of your languages and colors. Surely in that are signs indeed for those who know.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِّلۡعَٰلِمِينَ

for those who know

Variant Reading

لِّلْعَٰلَمِينَ

for (people of) all realms

The vowel on the letter lam changes from a kasrah in Hafs ('ālimīn, meaning 'those who know') to a fathah in the variant ('ālamīn, meaning 'the worlds' or 'all realms').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Ar-Rum 30:24

وَمِنۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ يُرِيكُمُ ٱلۡبَرۡقَ خَوۡفٗا وَطَمَعٗا وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءٗ فَيُحۡيِۦ بِهِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِهَآۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَعۡقِلُونَ

(Another) of His signs (is that) He shows you lightning – in fear and desire – and He sends down water from the sky, and by means of it gives the earth life after its death. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who understand.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَيُنَزِّلُ

and He sends down

Variant Reading

وَيُنزِلُ

and He sends down

Hafs uses the Form II verb (yunazzilu) which carries a connotation of sending down gradually or repeatedly. The variant uses the Form IV verb (yunzilu) which refers to the general act of sending down all at once.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ar-Rum 30:48

ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِي يُرۡسِلُ ٱلرِّيَٰحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابٗا فَيَبۡسُطُهُۥ فِي ٱلسَّمَآءِ كَيۡفَ يَشَآءُ وَيَجۡعَلُهُۥ كِسَفٗا فَتَرَى ٱلۡوَدۡقَ يَخۡرُجُ مِنۡ خِلَٰلِهِۦۖ فَإِذَآ أَصَابَ بِهِۦ مَن يَشَآءُ مِنۡ عِبَادِهِۦٓ إِذَا هُمۡ يَسۡتَبۡشِرُونَ

(It is) God who sends the winds, and it stirs up a cloud, and He spreads it in the sky as He pleases, and breaks it into fragments, and you see the rain coming forth from the midst of it. When He smites with it whomever He pleases of His servants, suddenly they welcome the good news,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

كِسَفٗا

into fragments

Variant Reading

كِسۡفٗا

into fragments

Hafs reads with a fatha on the seen (kisafan) as a plural noun, whereas the variant reads with a sukoon (kisfan) as a singular or collective noun indicating a piece or mass.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ar-Rum 30:49

وَإِن كَانُواْ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيۡهِم مِّن قَبۡلِهِۦ لَمُبۡلِسِينَ

though before (this), before it was sent down on them, they were in despair.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزَّلَ

was sent down

Variant Reading

يُنزَلَ

was sent down

The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb 'yunazzala', which implies gradual or repeated sending down. The variant uses the Form IV verb 'yunzala', which indicates sending down in a single or general sense.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Luqman 31:6

وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِي لَهۡوَ ٱلۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٖ وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًاۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ مُّهِينٞ

But among the people (there is) one who buys a diverting tale to lead (others) astray from the way of God without any knowledge, and to take it in mockery. Those – for them (there is) a humiliating punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِيُضِلَّ

to lead (others) astray

Variant Reading

لِيَضِلَّ

to stray

The vowel on the 'ya' changes from a damma to a fatha, shifting the verb from Form IV (to lead others astray) to Form I (to stray oneself).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَتَّخِذَهَا

and to take it

Variant Reading

وَيَتَّخِذُهَا

and he takes it

Hafs reads the verb with a fatha (subjunctive/mansub), coordinating it with 'to lead astray' (li-yudilla). The variant reads it with a damma (indicative/marfu'), coordinating it with the earlier verb 'who buys' (yashtarī).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Luqman 31:16

يَٰبُنَيَّ إِنَّهَآ إِن تَكُ مِثۡقَالَ حَبَّةٖ مِّنۡ خَرۡدَلٖ فَتَكُن فِي صَخۡرَةٍ أَوۡ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ أَوۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَأۡتِ بِهَا ٱللَّهُۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٞ

‘My son! Surely it – if it should be (only) the weight of a mustard seed, and it should be in a rock, or in the heavens, or on the earth, God will bring it forth. Surely God is astute, aware.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مِثۡقَالَ

the weight

Variant Reading

مِثْقَالُ

the weight

In Hafs, 'mithqāla' is read in the accusative case (mansub) as the predicate (khabar) of the verb 'taku' (meaning 'if it [the deed] be the weight'). In the variant, 'mithqālu' is read in the nominative case (marfu') as the subject (ism) of 'taku' (meaning 'if the weight be').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Luqman 31:27

وَلَوۡ أَنَّمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ مِن شَجَرَةٍ أَقۡلَٰمٞ وَٱلۡبَحۡرُ يَمُدُّهُۥ مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦ سَبۡعَةُ أَبۡحُرٖ مَّا نَفِدَتۡ كَلِمَٰتُ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٞ

Even if all the trees on the earth were pens, and the sea (were ink) – (and) extending it (were) seven seas after it – the words of God would (still) not give out. God is mighty, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡبَحۡرُ

and the sea

Variant Reading

وَاَلۡبَحۡرَ

and were the sea

The noun changes from nominative (as the subject of a new clause) to accusative (coordinated with the preceding accusative subject).

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Luqman 31:34

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عِندَهُۥ عِلۡمُ ٱلسَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ ٱلۡغَيۡثَ وَيَعۡلَمُ مَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡحَامِۖ وَمَا تَدۡرِي نَفۡسٞ مَّاذَا تَكۡسِبُ غَدٗاۖ وَمَا تَدۡرِي نَفۡسُۢ بِأَيِّ أَرۡضٖ تَمُوتُۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرُۢ

Surely God – with Him is the knowledge of the Hour. He sends down the rain, and He knows what is in the wombs, but no person knows what he will earn tomorrow, and no person knows in what (place on) earth he will die. Surely God is knowing, aware.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَيُنَزِّلُ

He sends down

Variant Reading

وَيُنزِلُ

He sends down

Hafs uses the Form II verb 'yunazzilu' (with a shaddah and fatha), which implies a gradual, continuous, or repeated sending down of rain. The variant uses the Form IV verb 'yunzilu' (with a sukun), which refers to the general act of sending down.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

As-Sajdah 32:7

ٱلَّذِيٓ أَحۡسَنَ كُلَّ شَيۡءٍ خَلَقَهُۥۖ وَبَدَأَ خَلۡقَ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنِ مِن طِينٖ

who made well everything He created. He brought about the creation of the human from clay,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

خَلَقَهُۥ

He created

Variant Reading

خَلۡقَهُۥ

its composition

The difference is in the vowels. Hafs reads it with a fatha on the lam as 'khalaqahu' (a past tense verb meaning 'He created it'), whereas the variant reads it with a sukun on the lam as 'khalqahu' (a verbal noun meaning 'its composition' or 'His creation').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

As-Sajdah 32:11

۞قُلۡ يَتَوَفَّىٰكُم مَّلَكُ ٱلۡمَوۡتِ ٱلَّذِي وُكِّلَ بِكُمۡ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Say: ‘The angel of death, who is put in charge of you, will take you, (and) then you will be returned to your Lord.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive voice 'turja'ūn' (you will be returned) to the active voice 'tarji'ūn' (you return) through a change in the vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

As-Sajdah 32:17

فَلَا تَعۡلَمُ نَفۡسٞ مَّآ أُخۡفِيَ لَهُم مِّن قُرَّةِ أَعۡيُنٖ جَزَآءَۢ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ

No one knows what comfort is hidden (away) for them in payment for what they have done.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

أُخۡفِيَ

is hidden

Variant Reading

أُخۡفِي

I am hiding

The verb changes from a third-person passive perfect (is hidden) to a first-person active imperfect (I am hiding) due to a change in the vowel (harakah) on the final letter from a fatha to a sukoon.

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

As-Sajdah 32:24

وَجَعَلۡنَا مِنۡهُمۡ أَئِمَّةٗ يَهۡدُونَ بِأَمۡرِنَا لَمَّا صَبَرُواْۖ وَكَانُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا يُوقِنُونَ

And We appointed from among them leaders (who) guide (others) by Our command, when they were patient and were certain of Our signs.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَمَّا

when

Variant Reading

لِمَا

for having

Hafs reads 'lammā' (when) indicating a time or condition, whereas the variant reads 'limā' (for/because) indicating the cause or reason for their appointment as leaders.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, Khallad, Ruways

Al-Ahzab 33:13

وَإِذۡ قَالَت طَّآئِفَةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ يَـٰٓأَهۡلَ يَثۡرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمۡ فَٱرۡجِعُواْۚ وَيَسۡتَـٔۡذِنُ فَرِيقٞ مِّنۡهُمُ ٱلنَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوۡرَةٞ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوۡرَةٍۖ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارٗا

And when a group of them said, ‘People of Yathrib! (There is) no dwelling place for you (here), so return!’ And (another) contingent of them was asking permission of the prophet, saying, ‘Surely our houses are vulnerable’ – yet they were not vulnerable, they only wished to flee.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُقَامَ

dwelling place

Variant Reading

مَقَامَ

standing-place

The vowel on the initial mim changes from a damma to a fatha, shifting the word from 'muqām' (dwelling place, derived from Form IV 'aqāma') to 'maqām' (standing place, derived from Form I 'qāma').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Ahzab 33:14

وَلَوۡ دُخِلَتۡ عَلَيۡهِم مِّنۡ أَقۡطَارِهَا ثُمَّ سُئِلُواْ ٱلۡفِتۡنَةَ لَأٓتَوۡهَا وَمَا تَلَبَّثُواْ بِهَآ إِلَّا يَسِيرٗا

If an entrance had been made against them from that side, (and) then they had been asked (to join in) the troublemaking, they would indeed have done it, and scarcely have hesitated with it.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَأٓتَوۡهَا

done it

Variant Reading

لَأَتَوْهَا

come to it

Hafs reads with a long 'a' (Form IV), meaning 'they would have done/given it'. The variant reads with a short 'a' (Form I), meaning 'they would have come to it'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Al-Ahzab 33:30

يَٰنِسَآءَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ مَن يَأۡتِ مِنكُنَّ بِفَٰحِشَةٖ مُّبَيِّنَةٖ يُضَٰعَفۡ لَهَا ٱلۡعَذَابُ ضِعۡفَيۡنِۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٗا

Wives of the prophet! Whoever among you commits clear immorality, for her the punishment will be doubled. That is easy for God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُّبَيِّنَةٖ

clear

Variant Reading

مُّبَيَّنَةٖ

evidenced

The vowel on the letter ya changes from a kasrah to a fathah, shifting the word from an active participle (clear/manifesting) to a passive participle (evidenced/manifested).

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul, Shu'bah

Al-Ahzab 33:33

وَقَرۡنَ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ وَلَا تَبَرَّجۡنَ تَبَرُّجَ ٱلۡجَٰهِلِيَّةِ ٱلۡأُولَىٰۖ وَأَقِمۡنَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتِينَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَطِعۡنَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيُذۡهِبَ عَنكُمُ ٱلرِّجۡسَ أَهۡلَ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمۡ تَطۡهِيرٗا

Stay in your houses, and do not flaunt (yourselves) with the flaunting of the former ignorance, but observe the prayer and give the alms, and obey God and His messenger. God only wishes to take away the abomination from you, People of the House, and to purify you completely.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَقَرۡنَ

Stay

Variant Reading

وَقِرۡنَ

settle, revered

The vowel change from a fatha (qarna) to a kasra (qirna) shifts the morphological derivation from the root 'qarara' (to stay) to 'waqara' (to be settled with dignity and reverence).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Saba 34:3

وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لَا تَأۡتِينَا ٱلسَّاعَةُۖ قُلۡ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّي لَتَأۡتِيَنَّكُمۡ عَٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَيۡبِۖ لَا يَعۡزُبُ عَنۡهُ مِثۡقَالُ ذَرَّةٖ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَلَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَآ أَصۡغَرُ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَآ أَكۡبَرُ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٖ مُّبِينٖ

Those who disbelieve say, ‘The Hour will not come upon us.’ Say: ‘Yes indeed! By my Lord! It will indeed come to you! (He is the) Knower of the unseen. Not (even) the weight of a speck in the heavens and the earth escapes from Him, nor (is there anything) smaller than that or greater, except (that it is recorded) in a clear Book

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

عَٰلِمِ

Knower

Variant Reading

عَٰلِمُ

(He is) the Knower

The word changes from a genitive adjective modifying 'my Lord' to a nominative predicate implying 'He is the Knower'.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Ruways, Warsh

Saba 34:5

وَٱلَّذِينَ سَعَوۡ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِنَا مُعَٰجِزِينَ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٞ

But those who strive against Our signs to obstruct (them), those – for them (there is) a punishment of painful wrath.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُعَٰجِزِينَ

to obstruct (them)

Variant Reading

مُعَجِّزِينَ

attempting to thwart

The word changes from the Form III active participle 'mu'aajizeen' (striving to obstruct) to the Form II active participle 'mu'ajjizeen' (attempting to thwart or attribute weakness). Because the alif is typically omitted in the Uthmanic rasm (written as معجزين), the difference is realized through vowelization (harakat) and the addition of a shadda.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَلِيمٞ

painful

Variant Reading

اَلِيمٖ

painful

In Hafs, 'alīmun (أَلِيمٞ) is in the nominative case (marfu'), acting as an adjective for the nominative noun 'adhābun (عَذَابٞ - punishment), meaning 'a painful punishment'. In the variant, 'alīmin (اَلِيمٖ) is in the genitive case (majrur), acting as an adjective for the genitive noun rijzin (رِّجْزٍ - wrath/torment), meaning 'punishment of a painful wrath'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Saba 34:9

أَفَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ إِلَىٰ مَا بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَمَا خَلۡفَهُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ إِن نَّشَأۡ نَخۡسِفۡ بِهِمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ أَوۡ نُسۡقِطۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ كِسَفٗا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَةٗ لِّكُلِّ عَبۡدٖ مُّنِيبٖ

Do they not look to what is before them and what is behind them of the sky and the earth? If We (so) please, We could cause the earth to swallow them, or make fragments of the sky fall on them. Surely in that is a sign indeed for every servant who turns (in repentance).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

كِسَفًا

fragments

Variant Reading

كِسْفًا

fragments

Hafs reads with a fatha on the letter Sin (kisafan), treating it as the plural of 'kisfah' (fragments). The variant reads with a sukun on the Sin (kisfan), treating it as a singular or collective noun meaning 'a fragment' or 'pieces', though both denote pieces falling from the sky.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Saba 34:12

وَلِسُلَيۡمَٰنَ ٱلرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهۡرٞ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهۡرٞۖ وَأَسَلۡنَا لَهُۥ عَيۡنَ ٱلۡقِطۡرِۖ وَمِنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ مَن يَعۡمَلُ بَيۡنَ يَدَيۡهِ بِإِذۡنِ رَبِّهِۦۖ وَمَن يَزِغۡ مِنۡهُمۡ عَنۡ أَمۡرِنَا نُذِقۡهُ مِنۡ عَذَابِ ٱلسَّعِيرِ

And to Solomon (We subjected) the wind, its morning was a month’s (journey), and its evening was a month’s (journey), and We made a spring of molten brass to flow for him. And among the jinn, (there were) those who worked for him by the permission of his Lord. Whoever of them turns aside from Our command – We shall make him taste the punishment of the blazing (Fire).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱلرِّيحَ

the wind

Variant Reading

ٱلرِّيحُ

the wind

The final vowel changes from fatha (accusative) to damma (nominative), shifting its grammatical role from the object of an implied active verb '(We subjected)' to the subject of an implied passive verb or nominal sentence '(was subjected)'.

Read by:

Shu'bah

Saba 34:14

فَلَمَّا قَضَيۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ مَا دَلَّهُمۡ عَلَىٰ مَوۡتِهِۦٓ إِلَّا دَآبَّةُ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ تَأۡكُلُ مِنسَأَتَهُۥۖ فَلَمَّا خَرَّ تَبَيَّنَتِ ٱلۡجِنُّ أَن لَّوۡ كَانُواْ يَعۡلَمُونَ ٱلۡغَيۡبَ مَا لَبِثُواْ فِي ٱلۡعَذَابِ ٱلۡمُهِينِ

And when We decreed death for him, nothing indicated his death to them except a creature of the earth devouring his staff. When he fell down, it became clear to the jinn that, if they had known the unseen, they would not have remained in the humiliating punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَبَيَّنَتِ

it became clear to

Variant Reading

تُبُيِّنَتِ

it became clear

The verb changes from the active Form V 'tabayyanat' (the jinn realized/it became clear to them) to the passive 'tubuyyinat' (the jinn were exposed/found out). This shifts the jinn from being the active experiencers of the realization to the passive subjects whose reality was revealed.

Read by:

Ruways

Saba 34:19

فَقَالُواْ رَبَّنَا بَٰعِدۡ بَيۡنَ أَسۡفَارِنَا وَظَلَمُوٓاْ أَنفُسَهُمۡ فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ أَحَادِيثَ وَمَزَّقۡنَٰهُمۡ كُلَّ مُمَزَّقٍۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّكُلِّ صَبَّارٖ شَكُورٖ

But they said, ‘Our Lord, lengthen (the distance) between our journeys.’ They did themselves evil, so We made them legendary, and We tore them completely to pieces. Surely in that are signs indeed for every patient (and) thankful one.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

رَبَّنَا بَٰعِدۡ

Our Lord, lengthen

Variant Reading

رَبُّنَا بَٰعَدَ

Our Lord has lengthened

Hafs reads 'rabbanaa' in the accusative case as a vocative (calling out) and 'baa'id' as an imperative verb (a supplication). The variant reads 'rabbunaa' in the nominative case as the subject and 'baa'ada' as a past tense verb, changing the sentence from a plea to a declarative statement.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Saba 34:20

وَلَقَدۡ صَدَّقَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِبۡلِيسُ ظَنَّهُۥ فَٱتَّبَعُوهُ إِلَّا فَرِيقٗا مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

Certainly Iblīs confirmed his conjecture about them, and they followed him, except for a group of the believers.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

صَدَّقَ

confirmed

Variant Reading

صَدَقَ

was confirmed

The verb changes from Form II (saddaqa - to actively confirm/verify) to Form I (sadaqa - to be true/speak the truth), shifting the meaning from Iblis actively confirming his assumption to his assumption simply being true or confirmed.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Saba 34:23

وَلَا تَنفَعُ ٱلشَّفَٰعَةُ عِندَهُۥٓ إِلَّا لِمَنۡ أَذِنَ لَهُۥۚ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا فُزِّعَ عَن قُلُوبِهِمۡ قَالُواْ مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمۡۖ قَالُواْ ٱلۡحَقَّۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَلِيُّ ٱلۡكَبِيرُ

Intercession will be of no benefit with Him, except for the one to whom He gives permission – until, when terror is removed from their hearts, they say, ‘What did your Lord say?,’ and they say, ‘The truth. He is the Most High, the Great.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

أَذِنَ

He gives permission

Variant Reading

أُذِن

has been given permission

The verb changes from the active voice 'adhina' (He gives permission) to the passive voice 'udhina' (has been given permission) through a change in vowels.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

فُزِّعَ

terror is removed

Variant Reading

فَزَّعَ

He has dispelled fear

The verb changes from the passive voice in Hafs (fuzzi'a), meaning 'terror is removed', to the active voice in the variant (fazza'a), meaning 'He (Allah) dispelled fear'. The consonantal text remains identical, differing only in the diacritical vowels.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Rawh, Ruways

Saba 34:37

وَمَآ أَمۡوَٰلُكُمۡ وَلَآ أَوۡلَٰدُكُم بِٱلَّتِي تُقَرِّبُكُمۡ عِندَنَا زُلۡفَىٰٓ إِلَّا مَنۡ ءَامَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمۡ جَزَآءُ ٱلضِّعۡفِ بِمَا عَمِلُواْ وَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡغُرُفَٰتِ ءَامِنُونَ

Neither your wealth nor your children are the things which bring you near to Us in intimacy, except for whoever believes and does righteousness. And those – for them (there is) a double payment for what they have done, and they will be secure in exalted rooms.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

جَزَآءُ ٱلضِّعۡفِ

a double payment

Variant Reading

جَزَآءً ٱلضِّعۡفُ

double as a repayment

Hafs reads the phrase as a genitive construct (idafah) with 'jazaa'u' (nominative) and 'al-di'fi' (genitive). The variant reads 'jazaa'an' with tanween fatha (accusative, functioning as an adverbial or specification) and 'al-di'fu' with a damma (nominative, functioning as the subject).

Read by:

Ruways

Saba 34:38

وَٱلَّذِينَ يَسۡعَوۡنَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِنَا مُعَٰجِزِينَ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ فِي ٱلۡعَذَابِ مُحۡضَرُونَ

But those who strive against Our signs to obstruct (them) – those will be brought forward to the punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مُعَٰجِزِينَ

to obstruct (them)

Variant Reading

مُعَجِّزِينَ

attempting to thwart (God)

The Hafs reading uses the Form III active participle مُعَٰجِزِينَ (mu'ājizīn), meaning 'to obstruct' or 'strive to thwart'. The variant reads it as a Form II active participle مُعَجِّزِينَ (mu'ajjizīn), meaning 'attempting to thwart' or 'attributing weakness'. Since the 'Uthmani skeletal text (rasm) is identical (معجزين), the difference is based on vowels, the dagger alif, and the shaddah, shifting the grammatical form and semantic nuance.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Susi

Fatir 35:4

وَإِن يُكَذِّبُوكَ فَقَدۡ كُذِّبَتۡ رُسُلٞ مِّن قَبۡلِكَۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ

If they call you a liar, (know that) messengers have been called liars before you. To God all affairs are returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُ

are returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُ

return

The verb changes from the passive voice in Hafs (turja'u, 'are returned') to the active voice in the variant (tarji'u, 'return') through a change in the internal vowels.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Fatir 35:8

أَفَمَن زُيِّنَ لَهُۥ سُوٓءُ عَمَلِهِۦ فَرَءَاهُ حَسَنٗاۖ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهۡدِي مَن يَشَآءُۖ فَلَا تَذۡهَبۡ نَفۡسُكَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ حَسَرَٰتٍۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمُۢ بِمَا يَصۡنَعُونَ

Is the one whose evil deed is made to appear enticing to him, and he perceives it as good, (like the one who is rightly guided)? Surely God leads astray whomever He pleases and guides whomever He pleases. So do not exhaust yourself in regrets over them. Surely God is aware of what they do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَذۡهَبۡ نَفۡسُكَ

exhaust yourself

Variant Reading

تُذۡهِبْ نَفْسَكَ

waste your self

Hafs reads the verb in Form I (tadhhab) with the subject 'nafsuka' in the nominative case ('let not your soul perish'). The Variant (Abu Ja'far) reads it in Form IV (tudhhib) with the object 'nafsaka' in the accusative case ('do not cause your soul to perish / waste your self').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Fatir 35:11

وَٱللَّهُ خَلَقَكُم مِّن تُرَابٖ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطۡفَةٖ ثُمَّ جَعَلَكُمۡ أَزۡوَٰجٗاۚ وَمَا تَحۡمِلُ مِنۡ أُنثَىٰ وَلَا تَضَعُ إِلَّا بِعِلۡمِهِۦۚ وَمَا يُعَمَّرُ مِن مُّعَمَّرٖ وَلَا يُنقَصُ مِنۡ عُمُرِهِۦٓ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٍۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٞ

God created you from dust, then from a drop, (and) then He made you pairs. No female conceives or delivers, except with His knowledge, and no one grows old who grows old, or is diminished in his life, except (it) is in a Book. Surely that is easy for God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُنقَصُ

is diminished

Variant Reading

يَنقُصُ

does He cut short

The verb changes from the passive 'yunqasu' (is diminished) to the active 'yanqusu' (He diminishes / cuts short), shifting the grammatical subject explicitly to Allah.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Fatir 35:33

جَنَّـٰتُ عَدۡنٖ يَدۡخُلُونَهَا يُحَلَّوۡنَ فِيهَا مِنۡ أَسَاوِرَ مِن ذَهَبٖ وَلُؤۡلُؤٗاۖ وَلِبَاسُهُمۡ فِيهَا حَرِيرٞ

Gardens of Eden – they will enter them. There they will be adorned with bracelets of gold and (with) pearls, and there their clothes (will be of) silk.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَدۡخُلُونَهَا

they will enter them

Variant Reading

يُدۡخَلُونَهَا

they are entered

The verb changes from the active voice 'yadkhulūnahā' (they will enter them) to the passive voice 'yudkhalūnahā' (they are entered) due to a change in vowels.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَلُؤۡلُؤٗاۖ

(with) pearls

Variant Reading

وَلُؤۡلُوٕٖاْۖ

(of) pearls

The word for 'pearls' changes from accusative (lu'lu'an) to genitive (lu'lu'in). In Hafs, it is conjoined to the accusative position of 'bracelets', meaning 'adorned with pearls'. In the variant, it is conjoined to the genitive 'gold' (or the apparent genitive state of bracelets), meaning 'bracelets of pearls'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways

Ya-Sin 36:5

تَنزِيلَ ٱلۡعَزِيزِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

a sending down of the Mighty, the Compassionate,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

تَنزِيلَ

a sending down

Variant Reading

تَنزِيلُ

(It is) a bestowal from on high

The final vowel on 'tanzil' changes from an accusative fatha (a) to a nominative damma (u). This shifts the grammatical structure so that instead of being an accusative of state or implied action, it becomes the predicate of an implied subject ('It is a bestowal...').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Ya-Sin 36:14

إِذۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡهِمُ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ فَكَذَّبُوهُمَا فَعَزَّزۡنَا بِثَالِثٖ فَقَالُوٓاْ إِنَّآ إِلَيۡكُم مُّرۡسَلُونَ

When We sent two men to them, and they called them liars, We reinforced (them) with a third. They said, ‘Surely we are envoys to you.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَعَزَّزۡنَا

We reinforced

Variant Reading

فَعَزَزۡنَا

We overpowered

The Hafs reading uses a Form II verb with a shadda (tashdid), meaning 'We reinforced'. The variant reading uses a Form I verb without the shadda (takhfeef), shifting the meaning to 'We overpowered' or 'We prevailed'.

Read by:

Shu'bah

Ya-Sin 36:19

قَالُواْ طَـٰٓئِرُكُم مَّعَكُمۡ أَئِن ذُكِّرۡتُمۚ بَلۡ أَنتُمۡ قَوۡمٞ مُّسۡرِفُونَ

They said, ‘Your evil omen refers to yourselves. If you had taken heed – No! You are a wanton people!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَئِن ذُكِّرۡتُم

If you had taken heed

Variant Reading

أَأَن ذُكِّرۡتُم

Is it because you were mentioned

The vowel on the second hamza changes from a kasra (إِ) to a fatha (أَ), shifting the particle from a conditional 'if' to a causative 'because'. Additionally, the verb's translation shifts from 'taken heed' to 'were mentioned'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ya-Sin 36:22

وَمَالِيَ لَآ أَعۡبُدُ ٱلَّذِي فَطَرَنِي وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Why should I not serve Him who created me? You will (all) be returned to Him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

return

The verb changes from the passive voice 'turja'ūn' (you will be returned) to the active voice 'tarji'ūn' (you return) via a change in vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Ya-Sin 36:29

إِن كَانَتۡ إِلَّا صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَإِذَا هُمۡ خَٰمِدُونَ

It was only a single cry, and suddenly they were snuffed out.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ

It was only a single cry

Variant Reading

صَيۡحَةٌ وَٰحِدَةٌ

Nothing happened but a single shout

Hafs reads 'sayhatan wahidatan' in the accusative (mansub) as the predicate of the incomplete verb 'kanat' (meaning 'it was'). The variant reads 'sayhatun wahidatun' in the nominative (marfu'), making 'kanat' a complete verb (tamma) meaning 'happened' or 'occurred', with the cry functioning as its subject.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ya-Sin 36:32

وَإِن كُلّٞ لَّمَّا جَمِيعٞ لَّدَيۡنَا مُحۡضَرُونَ

But every one of them will be brought forward before Us.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَّمَّا

But

Variant Reading

لَّمَا

all together

Hafs reads 'lammā' with a shaddah, functioning as an exceptive particle ('but' or 'except') following a negative 'in'. The variant reads 'lamā' without a shaddah, where the lam is emphatic and the sentence is an affirmative declaration.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ya-Sin 36:39

وَٱلۡقَمَرَ قَدَّرۡنَٰهُ مَنَازِلَ حَتَّىٰ عَادَ كَٱلۡعُرۡجُونِ ٱلۡقَدِيمِ

And the moon: We have determined it by stations, until it returns like an old palm branch.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡقَمَرَ

And the moon

Variant Reading

وَالْقَمَرُ

And the moon

The word for 'the moon' changes from the accusative case (mansub) with a fatha in Hafs to the nominative case (marfu') with a damma in the variant, altering its grammatical role from the object of an implied verb to the subject (mubtada') of the sentence.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Susi, Warsh

Ya-Sin 36:53

إِن كَانَتۡ إِلَّا صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ فَإِذَا هُمۡ جَمِيعٞ لَّدَيۡنَا مُحۡضَرُونَ

It was only a single cry, and suddenly they are all brought forward before Us.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

صَيۡحَةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ

a single cry

Variant Reading

صَيۡحَةٞ وَٰحِدَةٞ

a single shout

The variant reads 'sayhatun wahidatun' in the nominative case instead of the accusative 'sayhatan wahidatan'. This shifts the grammatical function of the verb 'kanat' from being incomplete to a complete verb (meaning 'there occurred'). The differences in English ('cry' vs 'shout' and 'brought forward' vs 'arraigned') are simply stylistic variations chosen by the translator for the exact same underlying Arabic words.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Ya-Sin 36:56

هُمۡ وَأَزۡوَٰجُهُمۡ فِي ظِلَٰلٍ عَلَى ٱلۡأَرَآئِكِ مُتَّكِـُٔونَ

– they and their spouses – reclining on couches in (places of) shade.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ظِلَٰلٍ

shade

Variant Reading

ظُلَلٍ

sunshades

The word changes from 'zhilāl' (shades) to 'zhulal' (sunshades or canopies). This is reflected by a change in vowels and the omission of the spoken alif, while the Uthmanic consonantal skeleton (rasm) remains 'ظلل'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Ya-Sin 36:82

إِنَّمَآ أَمۡرُهُۥٓ إِذَآ أَرَادَ شَيۡـًٔا أَن يَقُولَ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

His only command, when He intends something, is to say to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The verb's final vowel changes from damma (nominative) to fatha (subjunctive/accusative), shifting the clause from an independent indicative statement ('and it is') to a resultative clause answering the imperative ('so it is').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Ya-Sin 36:83

فَسُبۡحَٰنَ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِهِۦ مَلَكُوتُ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Glory to the One in whose His hand is the kingdom of everything! To Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive voice in Hafs (turja'ūna - you will be returned) to the active voice in the variant (tarji'ūna - you return) solely through a change in the internal vowels, shifting the linguistic emphasis from being brought back by God to the action of returning to Him.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

As-Saffat 37:6

إِنَّا زَيَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَآءَ ٱلدُّنۡيَا بِزِينَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ

Surely We have made the sky of this world appear enticing by means of the splendor of the stars,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِزِينَةٍ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ

splendor of the stars

Variant Reading

بِزِينَةِ ٱلۡكَوَاكِبِ

adorning the planets

Hafs reads 'zīnah' with tanween (nunation), making 'the stars' an apposition (badal). The variant reads it without tanween as a construct state (idafah), treating 'zīnah' as a verbal noun meaning 'adorning' with 'the planets' as its object.

Read by:

Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِزِينَةٍ

splendor

Variant Reading

بِزِينَةِ

adornment

Hafs reads 'bizīnatin' with tanween, treating the following noun as an apposition (badal). The variant reads 'bizīnati' with a single kasrah, forming a direct genitive construct (idafah) meaning 'adornment of'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

As-Saffat 37:8

لَّا يَسَّمَّعُونَ إِلَى ٱلۡمَلَإِ ٱلۡأَعۡلَىٰ وَيُقۡذَفُونَ مِن كُلِّ جَانِبٖ

They do not listen to the exalted Assembly,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَسَّمَّعُونَ

listen

Variant Reading

يَسْمَعُونَ

hear

The Hafs reading uses an assimilated Form V verb indicating intentional effort ('listen'), while the variant uses a Form I verb indicating general perception ('hear').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

As-Saffat 37:12

بَلۡ عَجِبۡتَ وَيَسۡخَرُونَ

But you are amazed when they ridicule,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change of Person
Original (Hafs)

عَجِبۡتَ

you are amazed

Variant Reading

عَجِبۡتُ

I gravely noted

The vowel on the letter Ta changes from a fatha to a damma, shifting the subject from second-person singular (you) to first-person singular (I).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

As-Saffat 37:16

أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابٗا وَعِظَٰمًا أَءِنَّا لَمَبۡعُوثُونَ

When we are dead, and turned to dust and bones, shall we indeed be raised up?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مِتۡنَا

are dead

Variant Reading

مُتۡنَا

have died

The vowel change on the meem from kasra (mitna) to damma (mutna) subtly shifts the morphological nuance from a state of being dead to the perfect action of having died.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

As-Saffat 37:17

أَوَءَابَآؤُنَا ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ

And our fathers of old (too)?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَوَ

And

Variant Reading

أَوْ

Or

The change from a fatha to a sukoon on the letter waw changes the meaning from 'awa' (interrogative 'a' + 'wa' meaning 'and') to 'aw' (meaning 'or').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun

As-Saffat 37:40

إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

– Except for the devoted servants of God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

devoted

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ

sincere

The vowel on the letter lam changes from a fatha (passive participle, meaning 'chosen' or 'devoted') to a kasra (active participle, meaning 'sincere' or 'purifying').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

As-Saffat 37:47

لَا فِيهَا غَوۡلٞ وَلَا هُمۡ عَنۡهَا يُنزَفُونَ

(there is) no ill effect in it, nor do they become drunk from it.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُنزَفُونَ

become drunk

Variant Reading

يُنزِفُونَ

drain (themselves)

The verb changes from passive in Hafs (yunzafūn) to active in the variant (yunzifūn) due to a change in the vowel on the letter Zay.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

As-Saffat 37:53

أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابٗا وَعِظَٰمًا أَءِنَّا لَمَدِينُونَ

When we are dead, and turned to dust and bones, shall we indeed be judged?”’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مِتۡنَا

are dead

Variant Reading

مُتۡنَا

have died

The vowel on the meem changes from kasrah in Hafs (translated as the state of being dead) to dammah in the variant (translated as the action of having died).

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

As-Saffat 37:74

إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

– except for the devoted servants of God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

the devoted

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ

sincere

The Hafs reading uses a fatha on the lam, making it a passive participle ('the chosen/purified'). The variant uses a kasra on the lam, making it an active participle ('the sincere').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

As-Saffat 37:94

فَأَقۡبَلُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِ يَزِفُّونَ

Then they came running to him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَزِفُّونَ

running

Variant Reading

يُزِفُّونَ

urging (each other) to dash

The prefix vowel changes from a fatha in Hafs (yaziffūn, Form I, meaning 'running') to a damma in the variant (yuziffūn, Form IV), shifting the meaning to 'causing to run' or 'urging to dash'.

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

As-Saffat 37:102

فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ ٱلسَّعۡيَ قَالَ يَٰبُنَيَّ إِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰ فِي ٱلۡمَنَامِ أَنِّيٓ أَذۡبَحُكَ فَٱنظُرۡ مَاذَا تَرَىٰۚ قَالَ يَـٰٓأَبَتِ ٱفۡعَلۡ مَا تُؤۡمَرُۖ سَتَجِدُنِيٓ إِن شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ

When he had reached the (age of) running with him, he said, ‘My son! Surely I saw in a dream that I am going to sacrifice you. So look, what do you think?’ He said, ‘My father! Do what you are commanded. You will find me, if God pleases, one of the patient.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَرَىٰ

do you think

Variant Reading

تُرِي

would you show

The change in vowels shifts the verb from Form I 'tarā' (to see/think) to Form IV 'turī' (to show/point out), slightly altering the semantic focus of the question.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

As-Saffat 37:126

ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمۡ وَرَبَّ ءَابَآئِكُمُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِينَ

God – your Lord and the Lord of your fathers of old?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمۡ وَرَبَّ

God – your Lord and the Lord

Variant Reading

ٱللَّهُ رَبُّكُمۡ وَرَبُّ

Allah is your Lord and the Lord

Hafs reads the words in the accusative case (mansub) as an apposition to the preceding verse, while the variant reads them in the nominative case (marfu') forming a new independent declarative sentence.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hafs, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

As-Saffat 37:128

إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

– except for the devoted servants of God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

devoted

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ

sincere

The Hafs reading uses the passive participle with a fatha on the lam (al-mukhlaṣīn), meaning 'those who are purified or devoted'. The variant uses the active participle with a kasra on the lam (al-mukhliṣīn), meaning 'those who are sincere'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

As-Saffat 37:130

سَلَٰمٌ عَلَىٰٓ إِلۡ يَاسِينَ

‘Peace (be) upon Elijah!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Different Word entirely
Original (Hafs)

إِلۡ يَاسِينَ

Elijah

Variant Reading

ءَالِ يَاسِينَ

Elijah’s folk

Hafs reads the text as a single proper noun 'Il Yasin' (Elijah) with a kasra on the hamza and sukoon on the lam. The variant reads it as two separate words, 'Aal Yasin' (the family/folk of Yasin), by placing a long vowel (madd) on the hamza and a kasra on the lam.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

As-Saffat 37:155

أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

Will you not take heed?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant adds a shadda (tashdeed) to the letter dhal, indicating the assimilation of an original 'ta' prefix (from tatadhakkarūna). This morphological intensification shifts the meaning from simply taking heed to an intensified, continuous act of remembering.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

As-Saffat 37:160

إِلَّا عِبَادَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

except for the devoted servants of God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُخۡلَصِينَ

devoted

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُخۡلِصِينَ

sincere

The vowel on the letter lām changes from a fatḥah in Hafs to a kasrah in the variant. This shifts the grammatical form from a passive participle (al-mukhlaṣīn: those chosen or purified) to an active participle (al-mukhliṣīn: those who are sincere and purify their faith).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Sad 38:45

وَٱذۡكُرۡ عِبَٰدَنَآ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ وَإِسۡحَٰقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ أُوْلِي ٱلۡأَيۡدِي وَٱلۡأَبۡصَٰرِ

And remember Our servants Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob: endowed with strength and vision.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

عِبَٰدَنَآ

Our servants

Variant Reading

عَبۡدَنَا

Our servant

Hafs reads the word in the plural form ('ibādana - Our servants), applying equally to all three prophets. The variant reads it in the singular form ('abdana - Our servant), singling out Abraham for primary honor, with Isaac and Jacob following in conjunction.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Sad 38:46

إِنَّآ أَخۡلَصۡنَٰهُم بِخَالِصَةٖ ذِكۡرَى ٱلدَّارِ

Surely We purified them with a pure (thought): remembrance of the Home.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

بِخَالِصَةٖ

a pure (thought)

Variant Reading

بِخَالِصَةِ

distinct quality of

Hafs reads with tanween (bikhāliṣatin), making it separate from the following word which acts as an apposition. The variant reads with a single kasrah (bikhāliṣati), creating a genitive construction (idafah) with the following word.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Sad 38:59

هَٰذَا فَوۡجٞ مُّقۡتَحِمٞ مَّعَكُمۡ لَا مَرۡحَبَۢا بِهِمۡۚ إِنَّهُمۡ صَالُواْ ٱلنَّارِ

‘This is a crowd rushing in with you – for them (there is) no welcoming. Surely they will burn in the Fire.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ٱلنَّارِ

the Fire

Variant Reading

اُ۬لنّ۪ارِ

the Fire

The Arabic difference is solely phonetic/orthographic (the dot indicates Imalah/Taqlil of the vowel in Warsh reading), with no actual change in meaning. Note: The Variant English provided in the prompt is misaligned and actually translates the variant of the previous verse (38:58), 'wa ukharu' (and others).

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Sad 38:64

إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَحَقّٞ تَخَاصُمُ أَهۡلِ ٱلنَّارِ

Surely that is true indeed – the disputing of the companions of the Fire.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ٱلنَّارِ

the Fire

Variant Reading

اِ۬لنّ۪ارِ

the Fire

The difference is purely phonetic, featuring Imālah/Taqlīl (vowel deflection) in the Warsh transmission, indicated by the special diacritic mark. The meaning remains exactly the same ('the Fire'). Note: The variant English translation provided in the prompt erroneously corresponds to the preceding verse (38:63), not 38:64.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ٱلنَّارِ

the Fire

Variant Reading

اِ۬لنّ۪ارِۖ

the Fire

The difference is purely phonetic (Imalah/Taqleel on the vowel of Al-Nar), with no actual change in meaning. Note: The variant English provided in the prompt incorrectly corresponds to the previous verse (38:63), while the Arabic matches 38:64.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Sad 38:84

قَالَ فَٱلۡحَقُّ وَٱلۡحَقَّ أَقُولُ

He said, ‘(This is) the truth, and the truth I say:

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَٱلۡحَقُّ

(This is) the truth

Variant Reading

فَٱلۡحَقَّ

the truth

Hafs reads 'fal-ḥaqqu' with a damma (nominative case), making it the subject of an implied statement 'This is the truth'. The variant reads 'fal-ḥaqqa' with a fatha (accusative case), indicating an oath 'By the truth' or acting as the object of an implied verb.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Sad 38:85

لَأَمۡلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنكَ وَمِمَّن تَبِعَكَ مِنۡهُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ

I shall indeed fill Gehenna with you and those of them who follow you – all (of you)!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَالْحَقُّ

The truth

Variant Reading

فَالْحَقَّ

So (by) the truth

Hafs recites 'al-haqq' in the nominative case (marfu'), while the variant recites it in the accusative case (mansub) as an oath. (Note: Due to differing verse boundaries across recitations, this phrase appears in verse 84 in Hafs, but is combined with verse 85 in the variant).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Az-Zumar 39:8

۞وَإِذَا مَسَّ ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ ضُرّٞ دَعَا رَبَّهُۥ مُنِيبًا إِلَيۡهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا خَوَّلَهُۥ نِعۡمَةٗ مِّنۡهُ نَسِيَ مَا كَانَ يَدۡعُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِ مِن قَبۡلُ وَجَعَلَ لِلَّهِ أَندَادٗا لِّيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦۚ قُلۡ تَمَتَّعۡ بِكُفۡرِكَ قَلِيلًا إِنَّكَ مِنۡ أَصۡحَٰبِ ٱلنَّارِ

When hardship touches a person, he calls on his Lord, turning to Him (in repentance). Then, when He bestows blessing on him from Himself, he forgets what he was calling to Him for before, and sets up rivals to God to lead (people) astray from His way. Say: ‘Enjoy (life) in your disbelief for a little. Surely you will be one of the companions of the Fire.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِّيُضِلَّ

to lead astray

Variant Reading

لِّيَضِلَّ

to stray

The verb changes from Form IV with a damma on the ya (li-yudilla, meaning 'to lead others astray') to Form I with a fatha on the ya (li-yadilla, meaning 'to stray oneself').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi

Az-Zumar 39:9

أَمَّنۡ هُوَ قَٰنِتٌ ءَانَآءَ ٱلَّيۡلِ سَاجِدٗا وَقَآئِمٗا يَحۡذَرُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةَ وَيَرۡجُواْ رَحۡمَةَ رَبِّهِۦۗ قُلۡ هَلۡ يَسۡتَوِي ٱلَّذِينَ يَعۡلَمُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَۗ إِنَّمَا يَتَذَكَّرُ أُوْلُواْ ٱلۡأَلۡبَٰبِ

Or is he who is obedient in the hours of the night, prostrating himself and standing, bewaring the Hereafter and hoping for the mercy of his Lord [. . .]? Say: ‘Are those who know and those who do not know equal?’ Only those with understanding take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَمَّنۡ

Or is he who

Variant Reading

أَمَنْ

What about one who

Hafs reads with a shaddah on the meem (amman, combining 'am' and 'man'), meaning 'Or is he who'. The variant reads without a shaddah (a-man, combining the interrogative 'a' and 'man'), meaning 'Is he who' or 'What about one who'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Az-Zumar 39:42

ٱللَّهُ يَتَوَفَّى ٱلۡأَنفُسَ حِينَ مَوۡتِهَا وَٱلَّتِي لَمۡ تَمُتۡ فِي مَنَامِهَاۖ فَيُمۡسِكُ ٱلَّتِي قَضَىٰ عَلَيۡهَا ٱلۡمَوۡتَ وَيُرۡسِلُ ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰٓ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمًّىۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ

God takes the self at the time of its death, and that which has not died in its sleep, and He retains the one for whom He has decreed death, but sends back the other until an appointed time. Surely in that are signs indeed for a people who reflect.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

قَضَىٰ

He has decreed

Variant Reading

قُضِيَ

has been decreed

The verb changes from the active 'qada' (He decreed) to the passive 'qudiya' (was decreed). Consequently, in the Arabic text, 'death' (al-mawt) changes from the accusative object to the nominative subject of the passive verb.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq

Az-Zumar 39:44

قُل لِّلَّهِ ٱلشَّفَٰعَةُ جَمِيعٗاۖ لَّهُۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Say: ‘Intercession (belongs) to God altogether. To Him (belongs) the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. Then to Him you will be returned.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive voice 'turjaʿūna' (you will be returned) to the active voice 'tarjiʿūna' (you return) through a change in the diacritical vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Az-Zumar 39:71

وَسِيقَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓاْ إِلَىٰ جَهَنَّمَ زُمَرًاۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءُوهَا فُتِحَتۡ أَبۡوَٰبُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمۡ خَزَنَتُهَآ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ رُسُلٞ مِّنكُمۡ يَتۡلُونَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّكُمۡ وَيُنذِرُونَكُمۡ لِقَآءَ يَوۡمِكُمۡ هَٰذَاۚ قَالُواْ بَلَىٰ وَلَٰكِنۡ حَقَّتۡ كَلِمَةُ ٱلۡعَذَابِ عَلَى ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ

Those who disbelieved will be driven in companies into Gehenna, until, when they have come to it, its gates will be opened, and its keepers will say to them: ‘Did messengers not come to you from among you, reciting to you the signs of your Lord and warning you about the meeting of this Day of yours?’ They will say, ‘Yes indeed! But the word of punishment has proved true against the disbelievers.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فُتِحَتۡ

opened

Variant Reading

فُتِّحَتَ

opened wide

The variant reads with a shadda on the letter ta' (Form II), which conveys an intensive or extensive action ('opened wide' or 'flung open'). Hafs reads without the shadda (Form I), indicating a simple opening.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Az-Zumar 39:73

وَسِيقَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّقَوۡاْ رَبَّهُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡجَنَّةِ زُمَرًاۖ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا جَآءُوهَا وَفُتِحَتۡ أَبۡوَٰبُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمۡ خَزَنَتُهَا سَلَٰمٌ عَلَيۡكُمۡ طِبۡتُمۡ فَٱدۡخُلُوهَا خَٰلِدِينَ

But those who guarded (themselves) against their Lord will be driven in companies into the Garden, until, when they have come to it, and its gates will be opened, and its keepers will say to them: ‘Peace (be) upon you! You have been good, so enter it, to remain (there).’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَفُتِحَتۡ

opened

Variant Reading

وَفُتِّحَتَ

opened wide

The variant adds a shadda to the letter ta', changing the verb to Form II, which intensifies the action from 'opened' to 'opened wide'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Ghafir 40:13

هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُرِيكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ وَيُنَزِّلُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ رِزۡقٗاۚ وَمَا يَتَذَكَّرُ إِلَّا مَن يُنِيبُ

He (it is) who shows you His signs, and sends down provision for you from the sky, but no one takes heed except the one who turns (in repentance).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ

sends down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلُ

sends down

The verb changes from Form II (yunazzilu), which can imply continuous or gradual sending, to Form IV (yunzilu), which signifies the general or singular action of sending down.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ghafir 40:35

ٱلَّذِينَ يُجَٰدِلُونَ فِيٓ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ سُلۡطَٰنٍ أَتَىٰهُمۡۖ كَبُرَ مَقۡتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَعِندَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَطۡبَعُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ قَلۡبِ مُتَكَبِّرٖ جَبَّارٖ

Those who dispute about the signs of God, without any authority having come to them – (that) is a very hateful thing in the sight of God and those who believe. In this way God sets a seal on the heart of every arrogant tyrant.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

قَلۡبِ

heart of

Variant Reading

قَلۡبٖ

heart

In Hafs, 'qalb' (heart) is in the construct state (mudhaf) without tanween, meaning 'the heart of every arrogant tyrant'. In the variant, 'qalbin' takes tanween, changing the grammatical structure so that 'arrogant' and 'tyrant' become direct adjectives describing the 'heart' itself.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Dhakwan, Susi

Ghafir 40:37

أَسۡبَٰبَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ فَأَطَّلِعَ إِلَىٰٓ إِلَٰهِ مُوسَىٰ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّهُۥ كَٰذِبٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِفِرۡعَوۡنَ سُوٓءُ عَمَلِهِۦ وَصُدَّ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۚ وَمَا كَيۡدُ فِرۡعَوۡنَ إِلَّا فِي تَبَابٖ

the ropes of the heavens, and look upon the god of Moses. Surely I think he is a liar indeed.’ In this way the evil of his deed was made to appear enticing to Pharaoh, and he was kept from the way. But the plot of Pharaoh only (came) to ruin.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَأَطَّلِعَ

and look

Variant Reading

فَأَطَّلِعُ

and view

In Hafs, the verb is read in the subjunctive mood with a fatha (mansub) as a response to the implied request, indicating purpose ('so that I may look'). In the variant, it is read in the indicative mood with a damma (marfu'), coordinating it with the previous indicative verb ('and I view').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

وَصُدَّ

he was kept

Variant Reading

وَصَدَّ

he barred

The vowel change on the first root letter from a damma (ṣudda) to a fatha (ṣadda) shifts the verb from the passive voice ('he was kept') to the active voice ('he barred').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Ghafir 40:40

مَنۡ عَمِلَ سَيِّئَةٗ فَلَا يُجۡزَىٰٓ إِلَّا مِثۡلَهَاۖ وَمَنۡ عَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوۡ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤۡمِنٞ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ يَدۡخُلُونَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ يُرۡزَقُونَ فِيهَا بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٖ

Whoever does an evil deed will only be repaid the equal of it, but whoever does a righteous deed, whether male or female – and is a believer – those will enter the Garden, where they will be provided for without reckoning.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَدۡخُلُونَ

will enter

Variant Reading

يُدۡخَلُونَ

shall be entered

The verb changes from the active voice (yadkhulūna: 'they will enter') in Hafs to the passive voice (yudkhalūna: 'they shall be entered' or 'made to enter') in the variant by altering the internal vowels.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

Ghafir 40:46

ٱلنَّارُ يُعۡرَضُونَ عَلَيۡهَا غُدُوّٗا وَعَشِيّٗاۚ وَيَوۡمَ تَقُومُ ٱلسَّاعَةُ أَدۡخِلُوٓاْ ءَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ أَشَدَّ ٱلۡعَذَابِ

The Fire – they will be presented to it morning and evening. On the Day when the Hour strikes: ‘Cause the house of Pharaoh to enter the harshest punishment!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَدۡخِلُوٓاْ

Cause ... to enter

Variant Reading

ٱدۡخُلُواْ

Enter

Hafs uses the Form IV imperative 'adkhilū' (cause to enter), where the command is directed at the angels to throw Pharaoh's people into the Fire. The variant uses the Form I imperative 'udkhulū' (enter), which shifts the address directly to Pharaoh's people, treating 'house of Pharaoh' as a vocative.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qunbul, Shu'bah, Susi

Ghafir 40:60

وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ٱدۡعُونِيٓ أَسۡتَجِبۡ لَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ عَنۡ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدۡخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ

Your Lord has said, ‘Call on Me! I shall respond to you. Surely those who are too proud to serve Me will enter Gehenna humbled.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

سَيَدۡخُلُونَ

will enter

Variant Reading

سَيُدۡخَلُونَ

will be entered

The change in vowels shifts the verb from the active voice ('they will enter') to the passive voice ('they will be entered').

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Ruways, Shu'bah

Ghafir 40:68

هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُحۡيِۦ وَيُمِيتُۖ فَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمۡرٗا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

He (it is) who gives life and causes death, and when He decrees something, He simply says to it, ‘Be!’ and it is.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَيَكُونُ

and it is

Variant Reading

فَيَكُونَ

so it is

The final vowel changes from a damma (nominative/indicative) to a fatha (accusative/subjunctive). Hafs reads it as a new, independent clause ('and it is'), while the variant treats it as the direct result of the preceding command ('so it is').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Ghafir 40:77

فَٱصۡبِرۡ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞۚ فَإِمَّا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعۡضَ ٱلَّذِي نَعِدُهُمۡ أَوۡ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ فَإِلَيۡنَا يُرۡجَعُونَ

So be patient! Surely the promise of God is true. Whether We show you some of that which We promise them, or take you, to Us they will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡجَعُونَ

they will be returned

Variant Reading

يَرۡجِعُونَ

they return

The verb changes from the passive 'yurjaʿūna' (they will be returned) to the active 'yarjiʿūna' (they return) solely through a change in the diacritical vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Fussilat 41:10

وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَٰسِيَ مِن فَوۡقِهَا وَبَٰرَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَآ أَقۡوَٰتَهَا فِيٓ أَرۡبَعَةِ أَيَّامٖ سَوَآءٗ لِّلسَّآئِلِينَ

He placed on it firm mountains (towering) above it, and blessed it, and decreed for it its (various) foods in four days, equal to the ones who ask.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَآءٗ

equal

Variant Reading

سَوَآءٞ

(they are) equal

The word changes from the accusative (nasb) to the nominative (raf') case, shifting the grammatical structure to form an independent nominal clause with an implied subject (i.e., 'they are equal').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَآءٗ

equal

Variant Reading

سَوَآءٖ

equal

The variant reads the word with a kasra tanween (sawā'in) in the genitive case, making it an adjective modifying the preceding word 'days' (ayyāmin). Hafs reads it with a fatha tanween (sawā'an) in the accusative case as a circumstantial modifier or absolute object.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Fussilat 41:21

وَقَالُواْ لِجُلُودِهِمۡ لِمَ شَهِدتُّمۡ عَلَيۡنَاۖ قَالُوٓاْ أَنطَقَنَا ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنطَقَ كُلَّ شَيۡءٖۚ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمۡ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٖ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

and they will say to their skins, ‘Why did you bear witness against us?’ They will say, ‘God, who gave speech to everything, has given us speech. He created you the first time, and to Him you are (now) returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you are (now) returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

you return

The verb changes from the passive voice 'turjaʿūn' (you are returned) to the active voice 'tarjiʿūn' (you return) due to a change in the internal vowels.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Ash-Shuraa 42:3

كَذَٰلِكَ يُوحِيٓ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ

In this way He inspires you, and those who were before you – God, the Mighty, the Wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُوحِيٓ

He inspires

Variant Reading

يُوحَيٰ

it is revealed

The verb changes from the active voice (yūḥī) to the passive voice (yūḥā) by altering the vowels, shifting the meaning from 'He inspires' to 'it is revealed / inspired'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul

Ash-Shuraa 42:27

۞وَلَوۡ بَسَطَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرِّزۡقَ لِعِبَادِهِۦ لَبَغَوۡاْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَٰكِن يُنَزِّلُ بِقَدَرٖ مَّا يَشَآءُۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِعِبَادِهِۦ خَبِيرُۢ بَصِيرٞ

If God were to extend (His) provision to His servants, they would indeed act oppressively on the earth, but He sends down in measure whatever He pleases. Surely He is aware of His servants (and) sees (them).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ

He sends down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلُ

He sends down

The verb shifts from Form II (yunazzilu), which implies a gradual or repeated sending down, to Form IV (yunzilu), which indicates sending down as a single or absolute act. Both share the same root letters and basic meaning.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ash-Shuraa 42:28

وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُنَزِّلُ ٱلۡغَيۡثَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا قَنَطُواْ وَيَنشُرُ رَحۡمَتَهُۥۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡوَلِيُّ ٱلۡحَمِيدُ

He (it is) who sends down the rain after they have despaired, and displays His mercy. He is the Ally, the Praiseworthy.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ

sends down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلُ

sends down

The verb changes from Form II (يُنَزِّلُ, implying gradual or continuous descent) to Form IV (يُنزِلُ, implying general descent), shifting the semantic nuance.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Ash-Shuraa 42:34

أَوۡ يُوبِقۡهُنَّ بِمَا كَسَبُواْ وَيَعۡفُ عَن كَثِيرٖ

Or He wrecks them for what they have earned – yet He pardons much –

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَيَعۡلَمَ

so that ... may know

Variant Reading

وَيَعۡلَمُ

Thus ... know

The verb changes from the subjunctive mood (mansub) with a fatha in Hafs to the indicative mood (marfu') with a damma in the variant. This shifts the meaning from a subordinate clause of purpose/result ('so that they may know') to an independent declarative statement ('thus they know' or 'and they know').

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Ash-Shuraa 42:51

۞وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحۡيًا أَوۡ مِن وَرَآيِٕ حِجَابٍ أَوۡ يُرۡسِلَ رَسُولٗا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذۡنِهِۦ مَا يَشَآءُۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٞ

It is not (fitting) for any human being that God should speak to him, except (by) inspiration, or from behind a veil, or (that) He should send a messenger and he inspire by His permission whatever He pleases. Surely He is most high, wise.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يُرۡسِلَ رَسُولٗا فَيُوحِيَ

He should send a messenger and he inspire

Variant Reading

يُرْسِلُ رَسُولاٗ فَيُوحِے

He sends a messenger then reveals

The verbs shift from subjunctive (mansub) with a fatha to indicative (marfu') with a damma, changing the syntax from a dependent coordinated clause to an independent declarative statement.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Az-Zukhruf 43:5

أَفَنَضۡرِبُ عَنكُمُ ٱلذِّكۡرَ صَفۡحًا أَن كُنتُمۡ قَوۡمٗا مُّسۡرِفِينَ

Shall We strike the Reminder away from you, on the excuse that you have been a wanton people?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَن

on the excuse that

Variant Reading

اِن

if

The vowel on the hamza changes from a fathah (أَن, 'an') meaning 'because' or 'that', to a kasrah (إِن, 'in') meaning 'if', shifting the statement from providing a reason to a conditional condition.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Warsh

Az-Zukhruf 43:11

وَٱلَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءَۢ بِقَدَرٖ فَأَنشَرۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةٗ مَّيۡتٗاۚ كَذَٰلِكَ تُخۡرَجُونَ

and (it is He) who sends down water from the sky in measure – and by means of it We give some barren land life, and in this way you (too) will be brought forth

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُخۡرَجُونَ

will be brought forth

Variant Reading

تَخۡرُجُونَ

come out

The verb changes from the passive form 'tukhrajūna' (you will be brought forth) in Hafs to the active form 'takhrujūna' (you come out) in the variant due to a difference in vowelization (harakat).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Az-Zukhruf 43:18

أَوَمَن يُنَشَّؤُاْ فِي ٱلۡحِلۡيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلۡخِصَامِ غَيۡرُ مُبِينٖ

‘One who is brought up in luxury, and he is not clear in the (time of) dispute?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُنَشَّؤُاْ

brought up

Variant Reading

يَّنشَؤُاْ

growing up

Hafs uses the Form II passive verb meaning 'is brought up', while the variant uses the Form I active verb meaning 'grows up'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Az-Zukhruf 43:33

وَلَوۡلَآ أَن يَكُونَ ٱلنَّاسُ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ لَّجَعَلۡنَا لِمَن يَكۡفُرُ بِٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمۡ سُقُفٗا مِّن فِضَّةٖ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيۡهَا يَظۡهَرُونَ

If it were not that humankind would be one community, We would indeed have made for those who disbelieve in the Merciful roofs of silver for their houses, and stairways on which to ascend,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

سُقُفٗا

roofs

Variant Reading

سَقۡفٗا

a roof

The vowels change the word from the plural 'suqufan' (roofs) in Hafs to the singular 'saqfan' (a roof) in the variant, though the consonantal skeleton (rasm) remains the same.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qunbul, Susi

Az-Zukhruf 43:35

وَزُخۡرُفٗاۚ وَإِن كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمَّا مَتَٰعُ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ وَٱلۡأٓخِرَةُ عِندَ رَبِّكَ لِلۡمُتَّقِينَ

and (all manner of) decoration. Yet all that is but the enjoyment of this present life – the Hereafter with your Lord is for the ones who guard (themselves).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَمَّا

but

Variant Reading

لَمَا

merely

The presence of a shadda in Hafs (lammā) implies restriction ('but' or 'except') following a negative particle, whereas its absence in the variant (lamā) functions as an emphatic prefix indicating affirmation ('indeed/merely').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Az-Zukhruf 43:56

فَجَعَلۡنَٰهُمۡ سَلَفٗا وَمَثَلٗا لِّلۡأٓخِرِينَ

We made them a thing of the past, and an example for the later (generations).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

سَلَفٗا

a thing of the past

Variant Reading

سُلُفٗا

predecessors

The vowels change from fathas ('salafan', singular for precedent/past) to dammas ('sulufan', plural for predecessors), shifting the emphasis from the abstract concept of a precedent to the specific group of people who preceded.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, Khallad

Az-Zukhruf 43:57

۞وَلَمَّا ضُرِبَ ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ مَثَلًا إِذَا قَوۡمُكَ مِنۡهُ يَصِدُّونَ

When the son of Mary is cited as an example, suddenly your people keep (others) from it,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَصِدُّونَ

keep (others) from it

Variant Reading

يَصُدُّونَ

barred (themselves and others)

The vowel on the letter Saad changes from a kasrah (يَصِدُّونَ) to a dammah (يَصُدُّونَ), shifting the root meaning nuance from laughing/clamoring or keeping away, to actively barring themselves and others.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Warsh

Az-Zukhruf 43:81

قُلۡ إِن كَانَ لِلرَّحۡمَٰنِ وَلَدٞ فَأَنَا۠ أَوَّلُ ٱلۡعَٰبِدِينَ

Say: ‘If the Merciful had a son, I (would be) the first of the ones who served (him).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

وَلَدٞ

a son

Variant Reading

وُلْدٞ

children

The vowel marks change from fatha-fatha 'walad' (a son) to damma-sukun 'wuld' (children), shifting the meaning from singular to plural.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Khalaf, Khallad

Az-Zukhruf 43:83

فَذَرۡهُمۡ يَخُوضُواْ وَيَلۡعَبُواْ حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُواْ يَوۡمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ

So leave them! Let them banter and jest, until they meet their Day which they are promised.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُلَٰقُواْ

meet

Variant Reading

يَلۡقَوۡاْ

encounter

Hafs uses the Form III verb يُلَٰقُواْ (yulāqū) meaning 'to meet', while the variant uses the Form I verb يَلۡقَوۡاْ (yalqaw) meaning 'to encounter'. The Uthmani rasm (يلقوا) remains identical, differing only in the vowels and the dagger alif.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Az-Zukhruf 43:85

وَتَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِي لَهُۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا وَعِندَهُۥ عِلۡمُ ٱلسَّاعَةِ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Blessed (be) the One who – to Him (belongs) the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them. With Him is the knowledge of the Hour, and to Him you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرْجِعُونَ

you return

The verb's vowels change, shifting it from the passive voice in Hafs to the active voice in the variant.

Read by:

Rawh

Ad-Dukhan 44:7

رَبِّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَآۖ إِن كُنتُم مُّوقِنِينَ

Lord of the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them, if you (would) be certain.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَبِّ

Lord

Variant Reading

رَبُّ

(He is the) Lord

The vowel on 'Lord' changes from a kasrah (genitive case) in Hafs to a dammah (nominative case) in the variant. This changes the grammatical structure from being an apposition to a preceding word, to being the predicate of an implied subject 'He is'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Ad-Dukhan 44:49

ذُقۡ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡكَرِيمُ

‘Taste (it)! Surely you are the mighty, the honorable!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

إِنَّكَ

Surely you

Variant Reading

أَنَّكَ

that you

The vowel on the hamza changes from a kasra (innaka) to a fatha (annaka). This shifts the grammar from starting a new declarative sentence ('Surely you...') to a subordinating clause indicating reason ('because/that you...').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Al-Jathiyah 45:11

هَٰذَا هُدٗىۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ بِـَٔايَٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٞ مِّن رِّجۡزٍ أَلِيمٌ

This is guidance, but those who disbelieve in the signs of their Lord – for them (there is) a punishment of painful wrath.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

أَلِيمٌ

painful

Variant Reading

اَلِيمٍ

painful

In Hafs, the word is read in the nominative case ('alīmun) as an adjective modifying 'punishment' ('adhāb). In the variant, it is read in the genitive case ('alīmin) modifying 'wrath/torment' (rijz).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jathiyah 45:14

قُل لِّلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ يَغۡفِرُواْ لِلَّذِينَ لَا يَرۡجُونَ أَيَّامَ ٱللَّهِ لِيَجۡزِيَ قَوۡمَۢا بِمَا كَانُواْ يَكۡسِبُونَ

Say to those who believe to forgive those who do not expect the days of God, so that He may repay a people for what they have earned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لِيَجۡزِيَ

He may repay

Variant Reading

لِيُجۡزَى

may be repaid

The verb is changed from the active 'yajziya' (He may repay) to the passive 'yujzā' (may be repaid), shifting the sentence structure while preserving the identical Uthmani rasm.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Jathiyah 45:15

مَنۡ عَمِلَ صَٰلِحٗا فَلِنَفۡسِهِۦۖ وَمَنۡ أَسَآءَ فَعَلَيۡهَاۖ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُمۡ تُرۡجَعُونَ

Whoever does righteousness, it is for himself, and whoever does evil, it is (likewise) against himself – then to your Lord you will be returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُونَ

you will be returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُونَ

youpl return

The verb changes from the passive voice in Hafs (turja'ūn - you will be returned) to the active voice in the variant (tarji'ūn - you return), which is reflected in the change of vowel markings.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Jathiyah 45:21

أَمۡ حَسِبَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱجۡتَرَحُواْ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ أَن نَّجۡعَلَهُمۡ كَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ سَوَآءٗ مَّحۡيَاهُمۡ وَمَمَاتُهُمۡۚ سَآءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ

Or do those who commit evil deeds think that We shall treat them as those who believe and do righteous deeds – alike in their life and their death? Evil is what they judge!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

سَوَآءٗ

alike

Variant Reading

سَوَآءٞ

Equal

The word changes from the accusative case (sawā'an), acting as a circumstantial qualifier, to the nominative case (sawā'un), forming an independent nominal clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jathiyah 45:24

وَقَالُواْ مَا هِيَ إِلَّا حَيَاتُنَا ٱلدُّنۡيَا نَمُوتُ وَنَحۡيَا وَمَا يُهۡلِكُنَآ إِلَّا ٱلدَّهۡرُۚ وَمَا لَهُم بِذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍۖ إِنۡ هُمۡ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ

But they say, ‘There is nothing but our present life. We die, and we live, and nothing destroys us but time.’ They have no knowledge about that. They only conjecture.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

هُمۡ

They

Variant Reading

هُمُۥٓ

They

There is no actual semantic shift; the difference is purely phonetic (Silat Mim al-Jam' in Warsh recitation) adding a vowel sound to the plural pronoun. Note: The provided Variant English incorrectly translates the previous verse (45:23) rather than 45:24.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jathiyah 45:32

وَإِذَا قِيلَ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقّٞ وَٱلسَّاعَةُ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهَا قُلۡتُم مَّا نَدۡرِي مَا ٱلسَّاعَةُ إِن نَّظُنُّ إِلَّا ظَنّٗا وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِمُسۡتَيۡقِنِينَ

And when it was said, “Surely the promise of God is true, and the Hour – (there is) no doubt about it,” you said, “We do not know what the Hour is. We think (it is) only conjecture, and we are not certain.”’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلسَّاعَةُ

and the Hour

Variant Reading

وَٱلسَّاعَةَ

and of the Hour

The word is read with a Dammah (nominative) in Hafs, starting a new clause, whereas the variant reads it with a Fathah (accusative), coupling it grammatically with the preceding accusative noun 'promise' (wa'da).

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Jathiyah 45:35

ذَٰلِكُم بِأَنَّكُمُ ٱتَّخَذۡتُمۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ هُزُوٗا وَغَرَّتۡكُمُ ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَاۚ فَٱلۡيَوۡمَ لَا يُخۡرَجُونَ مِنۡهَا وَلَا هُمۡ يُسۡتَعۡتَبُونَ

That is because you took the signs of God in mockery, and this present life deluded you.’ So today they will not be brought forth from it, nor will they be allowed to make amends.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُخۡرَجُونَ

brought forth

Variant Reading

يَخۡرُجُونَ

come out

Hafs reads the verb in the passive voice 'yukhrajūna' (brought forth), while the variant reads it in the active voice 'yakhrujūna' (come out) by changing the vowel on the first letter from damma to fatha, and the third letter from fatha to damma.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Ahqaf 46:23

قَالَ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡعِلۡمُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَأُبَلِّغُكُم مَّآ أُرۡسِلۡتُ بِهِۦ وَلَٰكِنِّيٓ أَرَىٰكُمۡ قَوۡمٗا تَجۡهَلُونَ

He said, ‘The knowledge (of it) is only with God. I deliver to you what I was sent with, but I see you are an ignorant people.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأُبَلِّغُكُم

deliver

Variant Reading

وَأُبۡلِغُكُم

compile and proclaim

The Hafs reading uses the Form II verb 'أُبَلِّغُكُم' (uballighukum, with a fatha on the ba and a shaddah on the lam), emphasizing the active delivery of the message. The variant uses the Form IV verb 'أُبۡلِغُكُم' (ublighukum, with a sukoon on the ba and no shaddah), shifting the nuance toward compiling and proclaiming the message.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi

Muhammad 47:22

فَهَلۡ عَسَيۡتُمۡ إِن تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ أَن تُفۡسِدُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوٓاْ أَرۡحَامَكُمۡ

Is it possible, if you turned away, that you would foment corruption on the earth, and sever your family ties?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ

turned away

Variant Reading

تُوُلِّيتُمْ

were made in charge

The verb changes from the active form 'tawallaytum' (you turned away) to the passive form 'tuwullītum' (you were put in charge/authority) by changing the vowels while retaining the same underlying consonantal skeleton.

Read by:

Ruways

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ

turned away

Variant Reading

تُوُلِّيتُمۡ

became in charge

The vowels change the verb from the active form 'tawallaytum' (you turned away) to the passive form 'tuwullītum' (you were put in charge/given authority) while maintaining the same consonant skeleton.

Read by:

Rawh

Muhammad 47:26

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَالُواْ لِلَّذِينَ كَرِهُواْ مَا نَزَّلَ ٱللَّهُ سَنُطِيعُكُمۡ فِي بَعۡضِ ٱلۡأَمۡرِۖ وَٱللَّهُ يَعۡلَمُ إِسۡرَارَهُمۡ

That is because they said to those who disliked what God had sent down, ‘We will obey you in part of the matter’ – but God knows their secrets.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

إِسۡرَارَهُمۡ

their secrets

Variant Reading

أَسۡرَارَهُمۡ

their secrets

The vowel on the alif changes from a kasrah to a fathah, shifting the word from a verbal noun ('their keeping secret') to a plural noun ('their secrets').

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

إِسۡرَارَهُمۡ

their secrets

Variant Reading

أَسْرَارَهُمْ

their secrets

Hafs reads with a kasrah as a singular verbal noun (keeping secret), while the variant reads with a fathah as a plural noun (secrets). Note: The provided Variant English in the prompt mistakenly belongs to the previous verse (47:25).

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Muhammad 47:31

وَلَنَبۡلُوَنَّكُمۡ حَتَّىٰ نَعۡلَمَ ٱلۡمُجَٰهِدِينَ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلصَّـٰبِرِينَ وَنَبۡلُوَاْ أَخۡبَارَكُمۡ

and We shall indeed test you, until We know those of you who struggle and those who are patient, and We shall test the reports about you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَنَبۡلُوَاْ

and We shall test

Variant Reading

وَنَبْلُوا

And We will test

The verb changes from the subjunctive mood (mansub with a fatha) to the indicative mood (marfu' with a sukun on the waw). This turns the phrase from a continuation into a new, independent sentence, as reflected by the period in the variant English.

Read by:

Ruways

Qaf 50:40

وَمِنَ ٱلَّيۡلِ فَسَبِّحۡهُ وَأَدۡبَٰرَ ٱلسُّجُودِ

And glorify Him during part of the night, and at the ends of the prostration.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَدۡبَٰرَ

ends

Variant Reading

إِدْبَٰرَ

ends

Changing the vowel on the initial hamza from a fatha in Hafs to a kasra in the variant shifts the grammatical form from the plural noun 'adbār' (ends/backs) to the verbal noun 'idbār' (retreating/departing).

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Qaf 50:44

يَوۡمَ تَشَقَّقُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ عَنۡهُمۡ سِرَاعٗاۚ ذَٰلِكَ حَشۡرٌ عَلَيۡنَا يَسِيرٞ

On the Day when the earth is split open from them, (and they come forth from the graves) rushing – that is an easy gathering for Us.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَشَقَّقُ

is split open

Variant Reading

تَشَّقَّقُ

vigorously ruptures open

Hafs reads with a lightened 'shin' (tashaqqaqu), whereas the variant reads with a shadda on the 'shin' (tashshaqqaqu), representing the assimilation of an original second 'ta' (tatashaqqaqu). This morphological intensification shifts the meaning from a standard splitting to a more severe and vigorous rupturing.

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Warsh

Adh-Dhariyat 51:46

وَقَوۡمَ نُوحٖ مِّن قَبۡلُۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُواْ قَوۡمٗا فَٰسِقِينَ

And the people of Noah before (them) – surely they were a wicked people.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَقَوۡمَ

And the people

Variant Reading

وَقَوۡمِ

(in) the people

The word 'qawm' changes from the accusative case (wa-qawma) to the genitive case (wa-qawmi). Hafs reads it as the object of an implied verb (e.g., 'We destroyed'), while the variant conjoins it to the preposition 'fī' (in) from the preceding verses.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Susi

Adh-Dhariyat 51:49

وَمِن كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ خَلَقۡنَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ

And We created pairs of everything, so that you might take heed.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant adds a shadda (tashdid) to the letter dhal due to the assimilation of an omitted 'ta'. This intensifies the meaning of the verb from simply 'taking heed' to 'constantly remembering'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

At-Tur 52:28

إِنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبۡلُ نَدۡعُوهُۖ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلۡبَرُّ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

Surely we used to call on Him before. Surely He – He is the Beneficent, the Compassionate.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

إِنَّهُۥ

Surely He

Variant Reading

أَنَّهُۥ

for He

The vowel on the hamzah changes from a kasrah (inna) to a fathah (anna). 'Innahu' initiates a new independent clause ('Surely He...'), whereas 'annahu' introduces a subordinate clause expressing the reason for their prayer ('for/because He...').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

At-Tur 52:45

فَذَرۡهُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُواْ يَوۡمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي فِيهِ يُصۡعَقُونَ

So leave them, until they meet their Day on which they will be thunderstruck

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُلَٰقُواْ ... يُصۡعَقُونَ

meet ... they will be thunderstruck

Variant Reading

يَلۡقَوۡاْ ... يَصۡعَقُونَ

encounter ... they are stunned

The first verb changes from form III (to meet) to form I (to encounter). The second verb changes from passive (to be thunderstruck) to active (to swoon/be stunned), all reflected through different vocalizations of the same rasm.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Qamar 54:3

وَكَذَّبُواْ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓاْ أَهۡوَآءَهُمۡۚ وَكُلُّ أَمۡرٖ مُّسۡتَقِرّٞ

They call (it) a lie, and follow their (own vain) desires, yet everything is set.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مُّسۡتَقِرّٞ

is set

Variant Reading

مُّسۡتَقِرّٖ

settled

The word changes from nominative (mustaqirrun, acting as the predicate 'is set') to genitive (mustaqirrin, acting as an adjective 'settled' modifying 'matter').

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Qamar 54:11

فَفَتَحۡنَآ أَبۡوَٰبَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَآءٖ مُّنۡهَمِرٖ

So We opened the gates of the sky with water pouring (down),

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَفَتَحۡنَآ

opened

Variant Reading

فَفَتَّحۡنَآ

widely opened

The variant reads the verb in Form II with a shaddah on the taa (fattaḥnā), intensifying the meaning from a simple opening to opening widely, forcefully, or extensively, whereas Hafs uses the Form I verb (fataḥnā).

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Rawh, Ruways

Ar-Rahman 55:12

وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ٱلۡعَصۡفِ وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ

and grain with its husk, and fragrant herbs.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلۡحَبُّ ذُو ... وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ

and grain with ... and fragrant herbs

Variant Reading

وَٱلۡحَبَّ ذَا ... وَٱلرَّيۡحَانَ

And (He created) grains in ... and (he created) fragrant plants

The variant reads the nouns in the accusative case (nasb) indicating they are the direct objects of an implied verb 'He created', changing from the nominative case (raf') in Hafs.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَٱلرَّيۡحَانُ

and fragrant herbs

Variant Reading

وَٱلرَّيۡحَانِ

and (grains of) fragrant plants

The case of the word changes from nominative (marfu') to genitive (majrur). In Hafs, it coordinates with 'the grain', whereas in the variant, it coordinates with 'the husk/blades', altering the meaning to indicate grains belonging to fragrant plants.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Ar-Rahman 55:24

وَلَهُ ٱلۡجَوَارِ ٱلۡمُنشَـَٔاتُ فِي ٱلۡبَحۡرِ كَٱلۡأَعۡلَٰمِ

His are the (ships) running, raised up on the sea like landmarks.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُنشَـَٔاتُ

raised up

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُنشِـَٔاتُ

that raise their sails

Changing the vowel on the sheen from a fathah to a kasrah shifts the word from a passive participle ('raised up') to an active participle ('that raise' or 'raising').

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad, Shu'bah

Ar-Rahman 55:35

يُرۡسَلُ عَلَيۡكُمَا شُوَاظٞ مِّن نَّارٖ وَنُحَاسٞ فَلَا تَنتَصِرَانِ

A flame of fire and a furious wind will be sent against you, and you will not (be able to) defend yourselves.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

شُوَاظٞ

A flame

Variant Reading

شِوَاظٞ

Flares

The vowel on the letter shin changes from a damma (shuwāẓ) to a kasra (shiwāẓ). While often considered a dialectical variant, the translation reflects this as a shift from singular (a flame) to plural (flares).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Susi

Al-Waqi'ah 56:19

لَّا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنۡهَا وَلَا يُنزِفُونَ

– they do not suffer any headache from it, nor do they become drunk

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُنزِفُونَ

become drunk

Variant Reading

يُنزَفُونَ

intoxicated

The verb changes from the active voice (yunzifūna) meaning 'they become drunk' to the passive voice (yunzafūna) meaning 'they are intoxicated' or 'their minds are taken away'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Waqi'ah 56:22

وَحُورٌ عِينٞ

and (maidens) with dark, wide eyes

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَحُورٌ عِينٞ

and (maidens) with dark, wide eyes

Variant Reading

وَحُورٍ عِينٍ

and (leaning on) spouses with lovely wide eyes

The variant reads the words in the genitive case (with kasratayn) instead of the nominative case (with dammatayn) in Hafs. This shifts the grammatical conjunction, connecting the phrase to a preceding preposition in the verse (implying action like being accompanied by or leaning on them) rather than initiating a new subject clause.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Waqi'ah 56:48

أَوَءَابَآؤُنَا ٱلۡأَوَّلُونَ

And our fathers of old (too)?’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Different Word entirely
Original (Hafs)

أَوَ

And

Variant Reading

أَوْ

Or

Hafs vocalizes the waw with a fatha, reading it as the interrogative hamzah followed by the conjunction 'wa' (and). The variant vocalizes the waw with a sukoon, reading it as the single conjunction 'aw' (or).

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun

Al-Waqi'ah 56:62

وَلَقَدۡ عَلِمۡتُمُ ٱلنَّشۡأَةَ ٱلۡأُولَىٰ فَلَوۡلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ

Certainly you have known the first growth. Why will you not take heed?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَذَكَّرُونَ

take heed

Variant Reading

تَذَّكَّرُونَ

constantly remember

The variant adds a shadda (tashdid) to the dhal, which represents the assimilation of an original second 'ta' (tata-dhakkarun). This shifts the meaning to imply an intensified or continuous action of remembering.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Hadid 57:5

لَّهُۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ

To Him (belongs) the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and to God (all) matters are returned.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تُرۡجَعُ

are returned

Variant Reading

تَرۡجِعُ

return

The verb changes from the passive voice 'turja'u' (are returned) to the active voice 'tarji'u' (return) through a change in the internal vowels, shifting the expression from matters being brought back to God, to matters actively returning to Him.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways

Al-Hadid 57:8

وَمَا لَكُمۡ لَا تُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولُ يَدۡعُوكُمۡ لِتُؤۡمِنُواْ بِرَبِّكُمۡ وَقَدۡ أَخَذَ مِيثَٰقَكُمۡ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ

What is (the matter) with you that you do not believe in God, when the messenger calls you to believe in your Lord, and He has already taken a covenant with you, if you are believers?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

أَخَذَ مِيثَٰقَكُمۡ

He has already taken a covenant with you

Variant Reading

أُخِذَ مِيثَٰقُكُمۡ

your pledge has been taken

The verb changed from the active 'akhadha' (He took) to the passive 'ukhidha' (was taken), which changes the grammatical case of the following word 'covenant' from the accusative object to the nominative subject.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Susi

Al-Hadid 57:9

هُوَ ٱلَّذِي يُنَزِّلُ عَلَىٰ عَبۡدِهِۦٓ ءَايَٰتِۭ بَيِّنَٰتٖ لِّيُخۡرِجَكُم مِّنَ ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِۚ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُمۡ لَرَءُوفٞ رَّحِيمٞ

He (it is) who sends down on His servant clear signs, so that He may bring you forth from the darkness to the light. Surely God is indeed kind (and) compassionate with you.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُنَزِّلُ

sends down

Variant Reading

يُنزِلُ

sends down

The word changes from Form II (يُنَزِّلُ) to Form IV (يُنزِلُ) through a change in vowels and the removal of the shaddah. While both mean 'sends down', Form II often implies a gradual or repeated revelation, whereas Form IV suggests sending down at once.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Hadid 57:10

وَمَا لَكُمۡ أَلَّا تُنفِقُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَٰثُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ لَا يَسۡتَوِي مِنكُم مَّنۡ أَنفَقَ مِن قَبۡلِ ٱلۡفَتۡحِ وَقَٰتَلَۚ أُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ أَعۡظَمُ دَرَجَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ وَقَٰتَلُواْۚ وَكُلّٗا وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٞ

What is (the matter) with you that you do not contribute in the way of God, when the inheritance of the heavens and the earth (belongs) to God? The one among you who contributed and fought before the victory is not equal. They are higher in rank than those who contributed and fought after that. Yet to each God has promised the good (reward). God is aware of what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَكُلّٗا

to each

Variant Reading

وَكُلٌّ

each

Change in grammatical case from the accusative 'kullan' (direct object) to the nominative 'kullun' (topic/subject), altering the sentence structure.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Hadid 57:13

يَوۡمَ يَقُولُ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقُونَ وَٱلۡمُنَٰفِقَٰتُ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱنظُرُونَا نَقۡتَبِسۡ مِن نُّورِكُمۡ قِيلَ ٱرۡجِعُواْ وَرَآءَكُمۡ فَٱلۡتَمِسُواْ نُورٗاۖ فَضُرِبَ بَيۡنَهُم بِسُورٖ لَّهُۥ بَابُۢ بَاطِنُهُۥ فِيهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَةُ وَظَٰهِرُهُۥ مِن قِبَلِهِ ٱلۡعَذَابُ

On the Day when the hypocrite men and the hypocrite women will say to those who believed: ‘Wait for us! Let us borrow your light!’ It will be said, ‘Turn back and search for a light!’ And a wall with a door will be set up between them: on the inside of it (there is) mercy, and on the outside of it – facing (it) – (there is) the punishment.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ٱنظُرُونَا

Wait for us

Variant Reading

أَنظِرُونَا

Reprieve us

Hafs reads the verb in Form I as 'unzhurūnā' (wait for us / look at us), starting with a hamzat waṣl. The variant reads it in Form IV as 'anzhirūnā' (grant us respite / reprieve us), starting with a hamzat qaṭ' and changing the vowels, which subtly shifts the meaning from asking someone to wait, to asking for an extension of time.

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Hadid 57:16

۞أَلَمۡ يَأۡنِ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَن تَخۡشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمۡ لِذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبۡلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيۡهِمُ ٱلۡأَمَدُ فَقَسَتۡ قُلُوبُهُمۡۖ وَكَثِيرٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَٰسِقُونَ

Is it not time for those who believe that their hearts become humble before the Reminder of God, and (before) what has come down of the truth, and (that) they not be like those to whom the Book was given before, and for whom the time lasted too long, so that their hearts became hard, and many of them were wicked?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نَزَلَ

has come down

Variant Reading

نَزَّلَ

He bestowed from on high

Hafs uses the Form I intransitive verb 'nazala' (it came down), making 'what' the subject. The variant uses the Form II transitive verb 'nazzala' (He bestowed/sent down), making Allah the implied subject and 'what' the object.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-Hadid 57:18

إِنَّ ٱلۡمُصَّدِّقِينَ وَٱلۡمُصَّدِّقَٰتِ وَأَقۡرَضُواْ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗا يُضَٰعَفُ لَهُمۡ وَلَهُمۡ أَجۡرٞ كَرِيمٞ

Surely the charitable men and the charitable women, and (those who) have lent to God a good loan – it will be doubled for them, and for them (there will be) a generous reward.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمُصَّدِّقِينَ وَٱلۡمُصَّدِّقَٰتِ

the charitable men and the charitable women

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمُصَدِّقِينَ وَٱلۡمُصَدِّقَٰتِ

men who believe and women who believe

The Hafs reading has a shadda on the letter ṣād (assimilated from 'mutaṣaddiqīn', Form V), meaning 'those who give charity'. The variant removes this shadda ('muṣaddiqīn', Form II), shifting the meaning to 'those who believe' or 'affirm the truth'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul, Shu'bah

Al-Mujadila 58:10

إِنَّمَا ٱلنَّجۡوَىٰ مِنَ ٱلشَّيۡطَٰنِ لِيَحۡزُنَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَيۡسَ بِضَآرِّهِمۡ شَيۡـًٔا إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ

Secret talk is only from Satan, so that he may cause those who believe to grieve. But he will not harm them at all, except by the permission of God. In God let the believers put their trust.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِيَحۡزُنَ

cause to grieve

Variant Reading

لِيُحْزِنَ

make sad

Hafs reads the verb in Form I (yaḥzuna, with a fatha on the ya and damma on the zay), while the variant reads it in Form IV (yuḥzina, with a damma on the ya and kasra on the zay), shifting the morphological structure and subtly altering the causative nuance.

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

Al-Hashr 59:7

مَّآ أَفَآءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ كَيۡ لَا يَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَيۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِيَآءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُواْۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ

What God has given to His messenger (as spoils) from the people of the towns (belongs) to God and to the messenger, and to family, and the orphans, and the poor, and the traveler, so that it does not (just) circulate among the wealthy of you. Whatever (spoils) the messenger gives you, take it, and whatever he forbids you, stop (asking for it). Guard (yourselves) against God! Surely God is harsh in retribution.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَكُونَ دُولَةً

it does not (just) circulate

Variant Reading

تَكُونَ دُولَةٌ

a closed circuit is not created

The Hafs reading uses the masculine verb 'yakūna' with 'dūlatan' in the accusative case (as the predicate). The variant reads 'takūna' (feminine, changing dots) and 'dūlatun' in the nominative case (changing vowels), shifting 'circuit' to be the subject of the verb.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Mumtahanah 60:3

لَن تَنفَعَكُمۡ أَرۡحَامُكُمۡ وَلَآ أَوۡلَٰدُكُمۡۚ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ يَفۡصِلُ بَيۡنَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ

Neither your family ties nor your children will benefit you on the Day of Resurrection. He will distinguish between you. God sees what you do.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَفۡصِلُ

He will distinguish

Variant Reading

يُفْصَلُ

a decision will be made

The verb changes from the active voice 'yafṣilu' (He will distinguish) to the passive voice 'yufṣalu' (a decision will be made).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَفۡصِلُ

He will distinguish

Variant Reading

يُفۡصَلُ

you will be separated

The verb changes from the active voice 'yafṣilu' (He will distinguish) to the passive voice 'yufṣalu' (you/it will be separated) by changing the fatha to a damma on the first letter and the kasra to a fatha on the third letter.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يَفۡصِلُ

He will distinguish

Variant Reading

يُفَصِّلُ

He will separate

The verb changes from the Form I 'yafṣilu' (He will distinguish/judge) to the Form II 'yufaṣṣilu' (He will separate), which involves different vowels and the addition of a shaddah (intensification mark) while keeping the same basic rasm and active voice.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

As-Saf 61:10

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ هَلۡ أَدُلُّكُمۡ عَلَىٰ تِجَٰرَةٖ تُنجِيكُم مِّنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٖ

You who believe! Shall I direct you to a transaction that will rescue you from a painful punishment?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تُنجِيكُم

rescue you

Variant Reading

تُنَجِّيكُم

deliver you

Hafs reads the verb in Form IV (tunjīkum) meaning to 'rescue' or 'save', while the variant (read by Ibn 'Amir) reads it in Form II (tunajjīkum) with a shaddah on the jeem, which carries an intensive meaning of 'delivering' or saving repeatedly/powerfully. Both share the same consonantal root (rasm).

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Munafiqun 63:5

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمۡ تَعَالَوۡاْ يَسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ لَوَّوۡاْ رُءُوسَهُمۡ وَرَأَيۡتَهُمۡ يَصُدُّونَ وَهُم مُّسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ

When it is said to them, ‘Come, the messenger of God will ask forgiveness for you,’ they shake their heads, and you see them turning aside, and they become arrogant.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَوَّوۡاْ

they shake

Variant Reading

لَوَوْاْ

they turn

The Hafs recitation uses the intensive Form II verb with a shaddah (lawwaw), meaning to twist or shake intensely/repeatedly, whereas the variant uses the Form I verb without a shaddah (lawaw), meaning to simply turn.

Read by:

Qalun, Rawh, Warsh

At-Talaq 65:11

رَّسُولٗا يَتۡلُواْ عَلَيۡكُمۡ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَٰتٖ لِّيُخۡرِجَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَٰتِ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِۚ وَمَن يُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَيَعۡمَلۡ صَٰلِحٗا يُدۡخِلۡهُ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدٗاۖ قَدۡ أَحۡسَنَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُۥ رِزۡقًا

– a messenger reciting over you the clear signs of God, so that He may bring those who believe and do righteous deeds out of the darkness to the light. Whoever believes in God and does righteousness – He will cause him to enter Gardens through which rivers flow, there to remain forever. God has made good provision for him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُبَيِّنَٰتٖ

clear

Variant Reading

مُبَيَّنَٰتٖ

clarified

The vowel (harakah) on the letter Ya changes from a kasrah in Hafs (active participle, 'clarifying' or 'clear') to a fatha in the variant (passive participle, 'clarified').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

At-Tahrim 66:3

وَإِذۡ أَسَرَّ ٱلنَّبِيُّ إِلَىٰ بَعۡضِ أَزۡوَٰجِهِۦ حَدِيثٗا فَلَمَّا نَبَّأَتۡ بِهِۦ وَأَظۡهَرَهُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِ عَرَّفَ بَعۡضَهُۥ وَأَعۡرَضَ عَنۢ بَعۡضٖۖ فَلَمَّا نَبَّأَهَا بِهِۦ قَالَتۡ مَنۡ أَنۢبَأَكَ هَٰذَاۖ قَالَ نَبَّأَنِيَ ٱلۡعَلِيمُ ٱلۡخَبِيرُ

When the prophet confided a (certain) story to one of his wives, and when she informed (another) about it and God disclosed it to him, he made known part of it, and avoided a part. And when he informed her about it, she said, ‘Who informed you of this?’ He said, ‘The Knowing (and) the Aware informed me.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

عَرَّفَ

made known

Variant Reading

عَرَفَ

harbored

The variant removes the shadda on the letter 'ra', changing the verb from Form II (to make known) to Form I (to know/recognize/harbor), shifting the meaning of the Prophet's action regarding the secret.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

At-Tahrim 66:8

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ تُوبُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ تَوۡبَةٗ نَّصُوحًا عَسَىٰ رَبُّكُمۡ أَن يُكَفِّرَ عَنكُمۡ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمۡ وَيُدۡخِلَكُمۡ جَنَّـٰتٖ تَجۡرِي مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَٰرُ يَوۡمَ لَا يُخۡزِي ٱللَّهُ ٱلنَّبِيَّ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مَعَهُۥۖ نُورُهُمۡ يَسۡعَىٰ بَيۡنَ أَيۡدِيهِمۡ وَبِأَيۡمَٰنِهِمۡ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَآ أَتۡمِمۡ لَنَا نُورَنَا وَٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَآۖ إِنَّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيۡءٖ قَدِيرٞ

You who believe! Turn to God in sincere repentance. It may be that your Lord will absolve you of your evil deeds, and cause you to enter Gardens through which rivers flow. On the Day when God will not disgrace the prophet or those who believe with him: their light will run before them, and at their right (hands) [. . .], and they will say, ‘Our Lord, perfect our light for us, and forgive us. Surely You are powerful over everything.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نَّصُوحًا

sincere

Variant Reading

نُّصُوحًا

of sincerity

Hafs reads with a fat-hah on the noon (naṣūḥan), making it an intensive adjective ('sincere'). The variant (read by Shu'bah) reads with a dammah (nuṣūḥan), making it a verbal noun ('sincerity').

Read by:

Shu'bah

Al-Mulk 67:27

فَلَمَّا رَأَوۡهُ زُلۡفَةٗ سِيٓـَٔتۡ وُجُوهُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَقِيلَ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِي كُنتُم بِهِۦ تَدَّعُونَ

When they see it near at hand, the faces of those who disbelieve will become sad, and it will be said, ‘This is what you have been calling for.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَدَّعُونَ

calling for

Variant Reading

تَدْعُونَ

(challengingly) call for

Hafs reads 'tadda'ūna' (Form VIII, with a shaddah on the daal) which carries the meaning of claiming or challengingly calling for something. The variant (read by Ya'qub) reads 'tad'ūna' (Form I, with a sukoon on the daal) meaning simply to call or invoke.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Haqqah 69:9

وَجَآءَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ وَمَن قَبۡلَهُۥ وَٱلۡمُؤۡتَفِكَٰتُ بِٱلۡخَاطِئَةِ

And Pharaoh (too) – and those who were before him, and the overturned (cities) – committed sin,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قَبۡلَهُۥ

before him

Variant Reading

قِبَلَهُۥ

on his side

The change in vowels from 'qablahu' (before him) to 'qibalahu' (on his side) shifts the meaning from those who preceded Pharaoh in time to those who were allied with him or in his presence.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Ma'arij 70:10

وَلَا يَسۡـَٔلُ حَمِيمٌ حَمِيمٗا

and friend will not question friend.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يَسۡـَٔلُ

question

Variant Reading

يُسۡـَٔلُ

is asked

The verb changes from the active voice (yas'alu - will question) to the passive voice (yus'alu - is asked) by changing the vowel on the first letter from a fatha to a damma.

Read by:

Bazzi, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Ma'arij 70:11

يُبَصَّرُونَهُمۡۚ يَوَدُّ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُ لَوۡ يَفۡتَدِي مِنۡ عَذَابِ يَوۡمِئِذِۭ بِبَنِيهِ

(As) they come into sight of each other, the sinner will wish that he (could) ransom (himself) from the punishment of that Day with his sons,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَوۡمِئِذِۭ

of that Day

Variant Reading

يَوْمَئِذِۢ

on that day

The vowel on the letter mim changes from a kasra (genitive) to a fatha (accusative). This shifts the grammatical function from an adjoined noun indicating 'punishment of that day' to an adverb of time indicating 'punishment on that day'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Ma'arij 70:15

كَلَّآۖ إِنَّهَا لَظَىٰ

By no means! Surely (there is) a flame,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَظَىٰ

a flame

Variant Reading

لَظ۪ىٰ

a raging fire

The difference is purely phonetic, featuring Imalah/Taqleel (indicated by the dot under the letter) which inclines the final 'a' vowel towards an 'i' or 'e' sound. The core meaning is identical, though the provided variant translation renders it slightly differently stylistically.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Ma'arij 70:42

فَذَرۡهُمۡ يَخُوضُواْ وَيَلۡعَبُواْ حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُواْ يَوۡمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِي يُوعَدُونَ

So leave them! Let them banter and jest, until they meet their Day which they are promised,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

يُلَٰقُواْ

meet

Variant Reading

يَلْقَوْاْ

encounter

Hafs uses the Form III verb يُلَٰقُواْ (they meet/face), whereas the variant uses the Form I verb يَلْقَوْاْ (they encounter). Both readings are accommodated by the identical unpointed Uthmani rasm (يلقوا).

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Ma'arij 70:43

يَوۡمَ يَخۡرُجُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَجۡدَاثِ سِرَاعٗا كَأَنَّهُمۡ إِلَىٰ نُصُبٖ يُوفِضُونَ

the Day when they will come forth from the graves rushing – as if they were running to some goal

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نُصُبٖ

some goal

Variant Reading

نَصْبٖ

a statue

The vowels change from damma on the nun and sad (nuṣub) to a fatha on the nun and sukoon on the sad (naṣb). This shifts the meaning from rushing toward 'a goal' or 'marker' to rushing toward 'a statue' or 'idol'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:3

وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَٰلَىٰ جَدُّ رَبِّنَا مَا ٱتَّخَذَ صَٰحِبَةٗ وَلَا وَلَدٗا

And (we believe) that He – exalted (be) the majesty of our Lord! – He has not taken a consort or son.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّهُۥ

And that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّهُۥ

And indeed

The vowel change on the hamza from a fathah (anna) to a kasrah (inna) shifts the syntax from a subordinate conjunction ('that') continuing the previous thought, to an independent, emphatic start of a new statement ('indeed').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:4

وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ يَقُولُ سَفِيهُنَا عَلَى ٱللَّهِ شَطَطٗا

And that the foolish among us used to say an outrageous thing against God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّهُۥ

And that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّهُۥ

And indeed

The vowel on the alif changes from a fatha (anna) to a kasra (inna), shifting the meaning from 'that' (a dependent clause) to 'indeed' (an independent emphatic clause).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:5

وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّآ أَن لَّن تَقُولَ ٱلۡإِنسُ وَٱلۡجِنُّ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبٗا

And that we had thought that humans and jinn would never say any lie against God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَقُولَ

say

Variant Reading

تَقَوَّلَ

attribute

The variant changes the verb from Form I (to say) to Form V (to fabricate/attribute falsely) by changing the vowels and adding a shadda, while keeping the same basic rasm (Uthmani script). This shifts the meaning from simply saying a lie to actively attributing a fabricated statement to Allah.

Read by:

Rawh, Ruways

Al-Jinn 72:6

وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡإِنسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمۡ رَهَقٗا

And that individuals of humankind used to take refuge with individuals of the jinn, and they increased them in depravity.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّهُۥ

And that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّهُۥ

And indeed

The vowel on the hamza changes from a fatha ('anna', meaning 'that') to a kasra ('inna', meaning 'indeed' or 'verily'), shifting the phrase from a subordinate clause to an independent, emphatic statement.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:7

وَأَنَّهُمۡ ظَنُّواْ كَمَا ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن لَّن يَبۡعَثَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٗا

And that they thought as you (also) thought, that God will not raise up anyone.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّهُمۡ

And that they

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّهُمْ

And indeed, they

The vowel on the hamza changes from a fatha (anna) meaning 'that' to a kasra (inna) meaning 'indeed', shifting the syntax from a subordinate clause to an independent declarative statement.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:8

وَأَنَّا لَمَسۡنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ فَوَجَدۡنَٰهَا مُلِئَتۡ حَرَسٗا شَدِيدٗا وَشُهُبٗا

And that we touched the sky and found it filled with harsh guards and piercing flames.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّا

And that we

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّا

And indeed, we

The hamza is read with a fatha (anna) in Hafs, making it a subordinate clause connected to previous verses ('that we'), whereas the variant reads it with a kasra (inna), beginning a new, independent emphatic sentence ('indeed, we').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:9

وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقۡعُدُ مِنۡهَا مَقَٰعِدَ لِلسَّمۡعِۖ فَمَن يَسۡتَمِعِ ٱلۡأٓنَ يَجِدۡ لَهُۥ شِهَابٗا رَّصَدٗا

And that we used to sit there on seats to listen (in), but whoever listens now finds a piercing flame lying in wait for him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّا

And that we

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّا

And indeed, we

The hamza is read with a fatha in Hafs ('anna' meaning 'that we'), whereas the variant reads it with a kasra ('inna' meaning 'indeed, we'). This shifts the particle from a subordinating conjunction to an emphatic starter.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:10

وَأَنَّا لَا نَدۡرِيٓ أَشَرٌّ أُرِيدَ بِمَن فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَمۡ أَرَادَ بِهِمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ رَشَدٗا

And that we do not know whether evil is intended for those who are on the earth, or whether their Lord intends right (guidance) for them.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّا

And that we

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّا

And indeed, we

The vowel on the hamza changes from a fatha to a kasra, changing the particle from 'anna' (that) to 'inna' (indeed/verily). This shifts the grammatical structure from a dependent clause to an independent emphatic statement.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:11

وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلصَّـٰلِحُونَ وَمِنَّا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَۖ كُنَّا طَرَآئِقَ قِدَدٗا

And that some of us are righteous, and some of us are other than that – we are on different roads.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّا

And that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّا

And indeed

The hamza is read with a fatha in Hafs ('anna') acting as a subordinating conjunction 'that', while the variant reads it with a kasra ('inna') acting as an emphatic particle 'indeed' starting a new clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:12

وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّآ أَن لَّن نُّعۡجِزَ ٱللَّهَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَن نُّعۡجِزَهُۥ هَرَبٗا

And that we (now) think that we shall not be able to escape God on the earth, and shall not escape Him by flight.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّا

And that we

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّا

And indeed, we

Changing the vowel on the hamza shifts the particle from 'anna' (that) to the emphatic 'inna' (indeed), altering the clause from a dependent continuation to an independent, emphatic declaration.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:13

وَأَنَّا لَمَّا سَمِعۡنَا ٱلۡهُدَىٰٓ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦۖ فَمَن يُؤۡمِنۢ بِرَبِّهِۦ فَلَا يَخَافُ بَخۡسٗا وَلَا رَهَقٗا

And that when we heard the guidance, we believed in it, and whoever believes in his Lord will not fear any deprivation or depravity.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّا

And that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّا

And indeed

The hamzah is read with a fatḥah (وَأَنَّا) in Hafs, acting as a subordinating conjunction ('And that'), while the variant reads it with a kasrah (وَإِنَّا) as an emphatic particle ('And indeed'), creating an independent clause.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:14

وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلۡمُسۡلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا ٱلۡقَٰسِطُونَۖ فَمَنۡ أَسۡلَمَ فَأُوْلَـٰٓئِكَ تَحَرَّوۡاْ رَشَدٗا

And that some of us have submitted, and some of us are the ones who have deviated. Whoever submits, those have sought out right (guidance),

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَأَنَّا

And that

Variant Reading

وَإِنَّا

And indeed,

The hamza is read with a fatha (wa-annā) in Hafs, acting as a conjunction 'and that', while the Variant reads it with a kasra (wa-innā) as an emphatic particle meaning 'and indeed'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi, Warsh

Al-Jinn 72:19

وَأَنَّهُۥ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبۡدُ ٱللَّهِ يَدۡعُوهُ كَادُواْ يَكُونُونَ عَلَيۡهِ لِبَدٗا

And that when the servant of God stood calling on Him, they were almost upon him in hordes.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لِبَدًا

hordes

Variant Reading

لُبَدًا

masses

The vowel on the letter lam changes from a kasrah (libadan) to a dammah (lubadan). While both words share the same root, 'libadan' (often a plural) implies layers, crowds, or hordes, whereas 'lubadan' implies dense, heavy masses or an abundant heap.

Read by:

Hisham

Al-Jinn 72:28

لِّيَعۡلَمَ أَن قَدۡ أَبۡلَغُواْ رِسَٰلَٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَيۡهِمۡ وَأَحۡصَىٰ كُلَّ شَيۡءٍ عَدَدَۢا

so that He may know that they have delivered the messages of their Lord. He encompasses all that is with them, and He counts everything by number.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لِّيَعۡلَمَ

He may know

Variant Reading

لِّيُعۡلَمَ

it may be known

The active verb 'ya'lama' (He may know) is read as the passive verb 'yu'lama' (it may be known) through a change in the internal vowels.

Read by:

Ruways

Al-Muzzammil 73:8

وَٱذۡكُرِ ٱسۡمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلۡ إِلَيۡهِ تَبۡتِيلٗا

but remember the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him completely.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَبُّ

Lord

Variant Reading

رَبِّ

Lord

Hafs reads 'Rabbu' with a dammah (nominative case), treating it as the start of a new sentence ('[He is] the Lord...'). The variant reads 'Rabbi' with a kasrah (genitive case), continuing the grammatical chain from the previous verse as an apposition to 'your Lord' (rabbika).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah

Al-Muzzammil 73:20

۞إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَعۡلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدۡنَىٰ مِن ثُلُثَيِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَنِصۡفَهُۥ وَثُلُثَهُۥ وَطَآئِفَةٞ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مَعَكَۚ وَٱللَّهُ يُقَدِّرُ ٱلَّيۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَۚ عَلِمَ أَن لَّن تُحۡصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِۚ عَلِمَ أَن سَيَكُونُ مِنكُم مَّرۡضَىٰ وَءَاخَرُونَ يَضۡرِبُونَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَبۡتَغُونَ مِن فَضۡلِ ٱللَّهِ وَءَاخَرُونَ يُقَٰتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِۖ فَٱقۡرَءُواْ مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنۡهُۚ وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُواْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَقۡرِضُواْ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنٗاۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُواْ لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُوَ خَيۡرٗا وَأَعۡظَمَ أَجۡرٗاۚ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمُۢ

Surely your Lord knows that you stay up nearly two-thirds of the night – or a half of it or a third of it – and (so do) a contingent of those with you. God determines the night and the day. He knows that you do not count it up, and He has turned to you (in forgiveness). So recite what is easy (for you) of the Qur’ān. He knows that some of you are sick, and others are striking forth on the earth, seeking some of the favor of God, and (still) others are fighting in the way of God. So recite what is easy (for you) of it, and observe the prayer and give the alms, and lend to God a good loan. Whatever good you send forward for yourselves, you will find it with God – it will be better and greater as a reward. Ask forgiveness from God. Surely God is forgiving, compassionate.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَنِصۡفَهُۥ وَثُلُثَهُۥ

or a half of it or a third of it

Variant Reading

وَنِصْفِهِۦ وَثُلُثِهِۦ

and (sometimes nearly) half of it, and (sometimes nearly) one-third of it

The variant reads the words for 'half' and 'third' in the genitive case (conjoined to 'two-thirds' after the preposition 'min'), meaning they stood in prayer for less than half or a third. Hafs reads them in the accusative case (conjoined to 'nearly/less than'), meaning they stood for exactly half or a third.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Muddaththir 74:50

كَأَنَّهُمۡ حُمُرٞ مُّسۡتَنفِرَةٞ

as if they were frightened donkeys

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

مُّسۡتَنفِرَةٞ

frightened

Variant Reading

مُّسْتَنفَرَةٞ

made to panic

The vowel on the letter fa' changes from a kasrah (creating an active participle meaning 'fleeing' or 'taking flight') in Hafs to a fatha (creating a passive participle meaning 'made to flee' or 'made to panic') in the variant.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Qiyamah 75:7

فَإِذَا بَرِقَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ

When the sight is dazed,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

بَرِقَ

is dazed

Variant Reading

بَرَقَ

glows

The vowel on the letter Raa changes from a kasrah (bariqa) meaning 'is dazed' to a fathah (baraqa) meaning 'shines' or 'glows'.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Warsh

Al-Insan 76:21

عَٰلِيَهُمۡ ثِيَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضۡرٞ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٞۖ وَحُلُّوٓاْ أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّةٖ وَسَقَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ شَرَابٗا طَهُورًا

On them are green clothes of silk and brocade, and they are adorned with bracelets of silver, and their Lord gives them a pure drink to drink.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خُضۡرٞ

green clothes

Variant Reading

خُضۡرٖ

green silk

The adjective for 'green' changes from the nominative case (khudrun) to the genitive case (khudrin). In Hafs, it modifies 'thiyab' (clothes), meaning 'green clothes'. In the variant, it modifies 'sundus' (silk), changing the meaning to 'green silk'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Qunbul, Shu'bah

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٞ

and brocade

Variant Reading

وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٖ

and of brocade

The grammatical case changes from nominative (marfu'), where brocade coordinates with the garments, to genitive (majrur), where it coordinates with the material (silk).

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

خُضۡرٞ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٞ

green clothes of silk and brocade

Variant Reading

خُضۡرٍ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقٍ

garments of green silk and of brocade

The grammatical case changes from nominative to genitive. In Hafs, 'green' modifies 'clothes' (nominative) and 'brocade' is conjoined to 'clothes'. In the variant, 'green' modifies 'silk' (genitive) and 'brocade' is conjoined to 'silk', shifting the descriptors to the material rather than the garments themselves.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

An-Naba 78:19

وَفُتِحَتِ ٱلسَّمَآءُ فَكَانَتۡ أَبۡوَٰبٗا

and the sky will be opened and become gates,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

وَفُتِحَتِ

opened

Variant Reading

وَفُتِّحَتِ

opened up wide

The variant adds a shadda (tashdid) to the letter ta', changing the verb from Form I to Form II. This morphological shift intensifies the meaning from simply being 'opened' to being 'opened up wide' or 'opened extensively'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

An-Naba 78:23

لَّـٰبِثِينَ فِيهَآ أَحۡقَابٗا

there to remain for ages.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَّٰبِثِينَ

remain

Variant Reading

لَبِثِينَ

fixedly remain

The Hafs reading uses the active participle 'laabitheen' with a long vowel (remaining), while the variant uses the intensive adjective form 'labitheen' with a short vowel (fixedly remaining), which emphasizes the permanence and intensity of their stay.

Read by:

Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh

An-Naba 78:33

وَكَوَاعِبَ أَتۡرَابٗا

and full-breasted (maidens), (all) of the same age,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Different Word entirely
Original (Hafs)

وَكَوَاعِبَ أَتۡرَابٗا

full-breasted (maidens), (all) of the same age

Variant Reading

جُمَالَاتٌ صُفْرٌ

thick yellow ropes

Dataset misalignment: The provided Hafs text is from Surah An-Naba (78:33), while the Variant English corresponds to Surah Al-Mursalat (77:33), where the variant 'jumālāt' (ropes) is read instead of Hafs 'jimālat' (camels).

Read by:

Ruways

An-Naba 78:37

رَّبِّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِۖ لَا يَمۡلِكُونَ مِنۡهُ خِطَابٗا

Lord of the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them, the Merciful, of whom they have no power to speak.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

رَّبِّ

Lord

Variant Reading

رَّبُّ

(He is) the Lord

The vowel changes from a genitive kasrah (رَّبِّ) in Hafs, which acts as an apposition continuing from the previous verse, to a nominative dammah (رَّبُّ) in the variant, creating a new independent clause implicitly meaning '(He is) the Lord'. The title 'the Merciful' (ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ / اَ۬لرَّحْمَٰنُ) similarly follows this case change.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Susi, Warsh

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ

the Merciful

Variant Reading

ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنُ

(He is) the All-Merciful

The vowel changes from a kasrah (genitive) to a dammah (nominative). This shifts the word from being an adjective modifying 'Lord' to being an independent predicate in a new clause meaning '(He is) the All-Merciful'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

'Abasa 80:4

أَوۡ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ ٱلذِّكۡرَىٰٓ

or take heed, and the Reminder will benefit him.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

فَتَنفَعَهُ

will benefit him

Variant Reading

فَتَنفَعُهُ

would benefit him

Hafs reads with a fatha (accusative/subjunctive) on the 'ayn, indicating a result or consequence. The variant reads with a dhamma (nominative/indicative), making it a coordinated or independent statement.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

'Abasa 80:25

أَنَّا صَبَبۡنَا ٱلۡمَآءَ صَبّٗا

We pour out water in abundance,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

أَنَّا

We

Variant Reading

إِنَّا

indeed, We

The hamza is read with a fatha (أَنَّا) in Hafs, acting as a subordinate or explanatory clause. The variant reads it with a kasra (إِنَّا), making it a new, independent clause emphasizing 'Indeed, We'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Susi, Warsh

At-Takwir 81:9

بِأَيِّ ذَنۢبٖ قُتِلَتۡ

for what sin she was killed,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

قُتِلَتۡ

she was killed

Variant Reading

قُتِّلَتۡ

she was relentlessly killed

The variant adds a shaddah to the letter ta', changing the verb from Form I to Form II (quttilat). This morphological shift adds intensification or repetition to the root, changing the meaning from simply being killed to being brutally or relentlessly killed.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

At-Takwir 81:10

وَإِذَا ٱلصُّحُفُ نُشِرَتۡ

and when the pages are spread open,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

نُشِرَتۡ

spread open

Variant Reading

نُشِّرَتۡ

made entirely public

The addition of a shadda (tashdid) on the letter shin changes the verb from Form I to Form II. This morphological shift intensifies the action, changing the meaning from simply being 'spread open' to being spread extensively or widely publicized.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Susi

At-Takwir 81:12

وَإِذَا ٱلۡجَحِيمُ سُعِّرَتۡ

and when the Furnace is set ablaze,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

سُعِّرَتۡ

is set ablaze

Variant Reading

سُعِرَتۡ

is set ablaze

The variant uses the Form I verb without a shadda (takhfif) on the letter 'ayn, meaning 'set ablaze', whereas Hafs uses the Form II verb with a shadda (tashdid), which conveys an intensified meaning ('fiercely set ablaze').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul, Rawh, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-Infitar 82:7

ٱلَّذِي خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّىٰكَ فَعَدَلَكَ

who created you and fashioned you and balanced you?

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَعَدَلَكَ

balanced you

Variant Reading

فَعَدَّلَكَ

perfectly proportioned you

The Variant adds a shaddah to the letter dal (changing the verb to Form II), which adds intensity to the action, shifting the meaning from 'balanced you' to 'perfectly proportioned you'.

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Infitar 82:19

يَوۡمَ لَا تَمۡلِكُ نَفۡسٞ لِّنَفۡسٖ شَيۡـٔٗاۖ وَٱلۡأَمۡرُ يَوۡمَئِذٖ لِّلَّهِ

The Day when no one will have any power to (help) another. The command on that Day (will belong) to God.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

يَوۡمَ

The Day

Variant Reading

يَوۡمُ

(It is) a day

The word 'yawm' changes from the accusative case (yawma, acting as an adverb of time 'The day when') to the nominative case (yawmu, acting as a predicate for an implied subject 'It is a day when').

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi

Al-Mutaffifin 83:24

تَعۡرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِهِمۡ نَضۡرَةَ ٱلنَّعِيمِ

You will recognize in their faces the radiance of bliss.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَعۡرِفُ

You will recognize

Variant Reading

تُعۡرَفُ

can be recognized

The verb changes from the active 'ta'rifu' (you will recognize) to the passive 'tu'rafu' (can be recognized), shifting the grammatical structure.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Rawh, Ruways

Al-Mutaffifin 83:26

خِتَٰمُهُۥ مِسۡكٞۚ وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ فَلۡيَتَنَافَسِ ٱلۡمُتَنَٰفِسُونَ

its seal is musk – for that let the seekers seek! –

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

خِتَٰمُهُۥ

its seal

Variant Reading

خَٰتَمُهُۥ

whose seal

Hafs reads 'khitāmuhū' (its seal/ending), whereas the variant (e.g., Al-Kisa'i) reads 'khātamuhū' (whose seal/instrument of sealing). The basic Uthmanic rasm is identical (ختمه), but the vowels and position of the dagger alif change, shifting the nuance from the sealing material/act of closing to the physical seal/ring itself.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i

Al-Inshiqaq 84:12

وَيَصۡلَىٰ سَعِيرًا

and burn in a blazing (Fire).

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

وَيَصۡلَىٰ

and burn

Variant Reading

وَيُصَلَّىٰ

and will continuously roast

The verb changes from Form I active (yaṣlā) to Form II passive (yuṣallā), which shifts the grammar to passive while also adding the intensive/continuous meaning of Form II.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Al-Inshiqaq 84:19

لَتَرۡكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٖ

You will indeed ride story upon story.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Singular to Plural / Plural to Singular
Original (Hafs)

لَتَرۡكَبُنَّ

You will indeed ride

Variant Reading

لَتَرۡكَبَنَّ

you will surely mount

Hafs reads with a damma on the letter ba', indicating a second-person masculine plural ('you all will ride'). The variant reads with a fatha on the ba', indicating a second-person masculine singular ('you will mount').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qunbul

Al-Buruj 85:15

ذُو ٱلۡعَرۡشِ ٱلۡمَجِيدُ

Holder of the throne, the Glorious,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

ٱلۡمَجِيدُ

the Glorious

Variant Reading

ٱلۡمَجِيدِ

glorious

Changing the grammatical case of 'al-Majeed' from nominative (damma) to genitive (kasra) shifts the adjective 'glorious' so that it modifies the 'Throne' (which is in the genitive case) rather than the 'Holder' of the throne.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad

Al-Buruj 85:22

فِي لَوۡحٖ مَّحۡفُوظِۭ

in a guarded Tablet.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

مَّحۡفُوظِۭ

guarded

Variant Reading

مَّحْفُوظٞ

preserved

In Hafs, the word is in the genitive case (kasratayn), acting as an adjective modifying the tablet ('a guarded tablet'). In the variant, it is in the nominative case (dammatayn), acting as a description referring back to the Quran itself ('[It is] preserved in a tablet').

Read by:

Qalun, Warsh

At-Tariq 86:4

إِن كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ لَّمَّا عَلَيۡهَا حَافِظٞ

Over every person (there is) a watcher.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لَّمَّا

(there is)

Variant Reading

لَّمَا

has

Hafs reads 'lammā' (with shadda) as an exceptive particle, meaning 'there is no soul except...'. The variant reads 'lamā' (without shadda) as an emphatic 'la' plus 'ma', changing the grammatical structure to mean 'indeed every soul surely has...'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Ghashiyah 88:4

تَصۡلَىٰ نَارًا حَامِيَةٗ

They will burn in a scorching Fire.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَصۡلَىٰ

burn

Variant Reading

تُصۡلَىٰ

made to roast

The verb changes from the active voice 'taṣlā' (they will burn) to the passive voice 'tuṣlā' (they will be made to roast/burn) by changing the fatha on the taa to a damma.

Read by:

Duri Abu 'Amr, Rawh, Ruways, Shu'bah, Susi

Al-Ghashiyah 88:11

لَّا تَسۡمَعُ فِيهَا لَٰغِيَةٗ

– where they will hear no frivolous talk,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

تَسۡمَعُ

they will hear

Variant Reading

تُسْمَعُ

is heard

The verb changes from the active 'tasma'u' to the passive 'tusma'u'. As a grammatical consequence, the word 'laghiyah' (frivolous talk) changes from the accusative object (laghiyatan) to the nominative subject (laghiyatun).

Read by:

Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Qalun, Qunbul, Ruways, Susi, Warsh

Al-Fajr 89:16

وَأَمَّآ إِذَا مَا ٱبۡتَلَىٰهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيۡهِ رِزۡقَهُۥ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّيٓ أَهَٰنَنِ

But whenever he tests him, and restricts his provision for him, he says, ‘My Lord has humiliated me.’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

فَقَدَرَ

restricts

Variant Reading

فَقَدَّرَ

utterly restricting

The addition of a shaddah on the daal changes the verb from Form I to Form II (intensification), shifting the meaning from 'restricts' to 'utterly restricting' or strictly determining.

Read by:

Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Fajr 89:18

وَلَا تَحَـٰٓضُّونَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ ٱلۡمِسۡكِينِ

nor do you urge the feeding of the poor,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

تَحَٰٓضُّونَ

urge

Variant Reading

تَحُضُّونَ

urge (others)

Hafs uses the Form VI verb 'taḥāḍḍūna' (indicated by the fatha and dagger alif), meaning 'to urge one another'. The variant uses the Form I verb 'taḥuḍḍūna' (with a damma), meaning 'to urge others'. Both share the same unpointed rasm skeleton, differing only in vowels and the implied alif.

Read by:

Bazzi, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Qalun, Qunbul, Warsh

Al-Fajr 89:25

فَيَوۡمَئِذٖ لَّا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُۥٓ أَحَدٞ

On that Day no one will punish as He punishes,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

يُعَذِّبُ

can punish

Variant Reading

يُعَذَّبُ

is punished

The vowel (harakah) on the letter dhal changes from a kasrah to a fathah, shifting the verb from the active voice (He punishes) to the passive voice (he is punished). The same active-to-passive shift applies to the subsequent verb 'shackle' (yuthiqu to yuthaqu).

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Rawh, Ruways

Al-Balad 90:6

يَقُولُ أَهۡلَكۡتُ مَالٗا لُّبَدًا

He says, ‘I have squandered vast wealth!’

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

لُّبَدًا

vast

Variant Reading

لُّبَّدًا

piles

Hafs reads with a single 'ba' (lubadan) meaning vast or abundant, while the variant reads with a shaddah on the 'ba' (lubbadan) emphasizing the meaning of wealth piled up layer upon layer.

Read by:

Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan

Al-Qadr 97:5

سَلَٰمٌ هِيَ حَتَّىٰ مَطۡلَعِ ٱلۡفَجۡرِ

It is (a night of) peace, until the rising of the dawn.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

مَطۡلَعِ

rising

Variant Reading

مَطۡلِعِ

point of the rise

The vowel on the Lām changes from a fat-ha to a kasrah. Morphologically, 'maṭlaʿ' is a verbal noun meaning the act of rising, whereas 'maṭliʿ' is a noun of time/place referring to the exact time or point of the rise.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Idris, Ishaq

At-Takathur 102:6

لَتَرَوُنَّ ٱلۡجَحِيمَ

you will indeed see the Furnace.

Vowel Difference (harakat) Active to Passive / Passive to Active
Original (Hafs)

لَتَرَوُنَّ

you will indeed see

Variant Reading

لَتُرَوُنَّ

you will certainly be shown

The vowel on the prefix 'ta' changes from a fatha in Hafs (active Form I: 'you will see') to a damma in the variant (passive Form IV: 'you will be shown').

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan

Al-Humazah 104:2

ٱلَّذِي جَمَعَ مَالٗا وَعَدَّدَهُۥ

who accumulates wealth and counts it over and over!

Vowel Difference (harakat) Change Meaning (general semantic shift)
Original (Hafs)

جَمَعَ

accumulates

Variant Reading

جَمَّعَ

kept hoarding

The variant reads the verb with a shaddah on the mim (Form II: jamma'a), whereas Hafs reads it without a shaddah (Form I: jama'a). The Form II structure intensifies the meaning, implying continuous, repetitive, or obsessive hoarding of wealth.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Rawh

Al-Masad 111:4

وَٱمۡرَأَتُهُۥ حَمَّالَةَ ٱلۡحَطَبِ

and his wife (will be) the carrier of the firewood,

Vowel Difference (harakat) Grammatical Case Change
Original (Hafs)

حَمَّالَةَ

(will be) the carrier

Variant Reading

حَمَّالَةُ

the carrier

Hafs reads 'ḥammālata' with a fatha (accusative case/mansūb) as an expression of blame or state, whereas the variant reads 'ḥammālatu' with a damma (nominative case/marfū') acting as an adjective or apposition to 'his wife'.

Read by:

Abu Al-Harith, Bazzi, Duri Abu 'Amr, Duri Al-Kisa'i, Hisham, Ibn Dhakwan, Ibn Jummaz, Ibn Wardan, Idris, Ishaq, Khalaf, Khallad, Qalun, Qunbul, Rawh, Ruways, Susi, Warsh